International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS

Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

Challenges in Implementing AI Technology

Smart Farming in Agricultural Sector – A
Literature Review
Anusha S. Rai A. 1, & R. Srinivasa Rao Kunte 2
1
Research Scholar, Institute of Computer Science and Information Science, Srinivas
University, Mangalore - 575001, Karnataka, India,
OrcidID: 0000-0001-5694-4084; Email: [email protected]
2
Research Professor, Srinivas University, Mangalore - 575001, Karnataka, India,
OrcidID: 0000-0002-5062-1505; Email: [email protected]

Area/Section: IT Management.
Type of the Paper: Literature Review.
Type of Review: Peer Reviewed as per |C|O|P|E| guidance.
Indexed in: OpenAIRE.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12622780
Google Scholar Citation: IJMTS
How to Cite this Paper:
Anusha, S. R. A. & Rao Kunte, R. S. (2024). Challenges in Implementing AI Technology
Smart Farming in Agricultural Sector – A Literature Review. International Journal of
Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 9(2), 283-301. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12622780
International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS)
A Refereed International Journal of Srinivas University, India.

CrossRef DOI: https://doi.org/10.47992/IJMTS.2581.6012.0357

Received on: 09/06/2024

Published on: 30/06/2024

© With Authors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0

International License subject to proper citation to the publication source of the work.
Disclaimer: The scholarly papers as reviewed and published by Srinivas Publications (S.P.),
India are the views and opinions of their respective authors and are not the views or opinions
of the SP. The SP disclaims of any harm or loss caused due to the published content to any
party.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 283

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

Challenges in Implementing AI Technology Smart

Farming in Agricultural Sector – A Literature Review
Anusha S. Rai A. 1, & R. Srinivasa Rao Kunte 2
1
Research Scholar, Institute of Computer Science and Information Science, Srinivas
University, Mangalore - 575001, Karnataka, India,
OrcidID: 0000-0001-5694-4084; Email: [email protected]
2
Research Professor, Srinivas University, Mangalore - 575001, Karnataka, India
OrcidID: 0000-0002-5062-1505; Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Background/Purpose: The agriculture sector is the backbone of every nation which
contributes to the global economy. The implementation of technology in agriculture has
brought revolutionary development in its outcome. Due to this, a drastic improvement in the
global economy from the agricultural sector is expected. Moreover, the implementation of
artificial intelligence (AI) improves the productivity of farmers giving solutions to various
challenges faced by the farmers. The various AI tools that are developed for the agriculture
sector include precision farming, predictive analytics, automated machinery, smart irrigation
systems, crop and soil monitoring, supply chain optimization, weather forecasting, and
livestock management. Adopting AI in agriculture faces several challenges despite its long-
term benefits. The high upfront costs to be invested in implementing AI technology make it
difficult for small-scale and developing farmers to invest in AI. Implementing the above
technology needs technical skills, fast internet connectivity, and costlier equipment. Due to
the lack of the above-mentioned requirements, the AI technologies that are meant for
agriculture do not reach the farmers. This results in the wastage of resources for AI without
the outcome. Considering the above issues an appropriate simplified model is proposed that
facilitates the adaptation of the AI technology by small and medium-scale farmers in their
agriculture to improve the performance.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to review the various journals related to the
implementation of AI in Agriculture and to study the various issues related to its
implementation. It also aims at identifying the research gap which will help to develop a model
suitable for the end like small-scale and medium-scale farmers.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted by gathering
and examining relevant literature from international and national journals, conferences,
databases, and other resources accessed via Google Scholar and various search engines.
Findings/Result: The agriculture sector, crucial to every nation's economy, has seen
revolutionary advancements through technology, especially AI. AI tools like precision
farming, predictive analytics, and smart irrigation promise to enhance productivity and
address various agricultural challenges. However, high implementation costs, resistance to
new technologies, and lack of necessary infrastructure hinder widespread adoption among
small-scale and developing farmers. To overcome these obstacles, a model is proposed to
effectively support farmers in adopting AI technologies to boost agricultural performance.
Originality/Value: The implementation of AI and ML tools in agriculture from diverse
sources is done. This area needs study due to recent challenges faced by small and medium-
scale farmers in the implementation of AI and ML tools in agriculture. The information
acquired will help to create a new model by improving the outcomes of the existing scenario.
Paper Type: Literature Review.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Agriculture, Small-scale and medium-scale farmers,
Precision Farming, Predictive Analysis, Automated Machinery, Supply Chain Optimization

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 284

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

1. INTRODUCTION :
The core of the Indian economy is agriculture. But from planting to harvesting, it encounters
formidable obstacles. Therefore, modernizing agriculture is essential to addressing these issues.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the main areas of computer science research, and because of its
rapid technological advancement and wide range of applications, AI is quickly becoming relevant in
the agricultural industry. In particular, AI is well suited to solve problems that humans are not very
good at solving. AI-powered farming solutions improve crop quality and productivity by allowing
farmers to accomplish more with less. The modern agricultural industry may see a direct use of
artificial intelligence (AI) or machine intelligence as the pinnacle of a shift in traditional farming
methods [1]. Several agricultural domains are used for the improvement of their performance as shown
in Fig. 1. Numerous applications in the agricultural domain have been identified which is shown in
Table 1. AI-powered agriculture is analyzed to improve efficiency by analyzing, acquiring, and
responding to various situations. Several agricultural industries are using artificial intelligence
technology to increase output and efficiency. AI in agriculture is assisting farmers in increasing
farming productivity and minimizing adverse environmental effects. The agricultural sector embraced
AI in a big and transparent way to improve overall results. AI technology is being incorporated into
agriculture to help control and manage any unforeseen natural conditions.

Fig. 1: Agricultural Domains

Source: Oliveira, R. C. D. et. al. (2023) [2]

Table 1: Applications in the agriculture domains

Application Domain Description
Crop management Covers seed sowing, maintenance, harvesting, storage, and distribution.
Water management Optimizing water usage through irrigation techniques and processes.
Soil management Assuring plant nutritional sufficiency.
Fertirrigation Technology that aims at the application of fertilizers via irrigation water.
Crop prediction Crop production prediction is fundamental for the producer’s logistic
planning.
Crop classification Crop classification aims to offer a global understanding of crop
distribution and information for another application domain.
Disease and pest Affect crop yields and quality and reduces resource use efficiency. The
management wide variety of weeds, animals, and microorganisms that threaten
agricultural crops requires technology for their protection.
Source: Oliveira, R. C. D. et. al. (2023) [2]
The application of computers in agriculture was first reported in 1983. Different approaches have been
suggested to solve the existing problems in agriculture starting from the database to decision support
systems. Out of these solutions, systems that apply AI are the most excellent performers as far as

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 285

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

accuracy and robustness are concerned. AI is one of the key areas of research in computer science.
With its rapid technological advancement and vast area of application, AI is becoming pervasive very
rapidly because of its robust applicability in problems particularly those that cannot be solved well by
humans as well as traditional computing structures. Agriculture is a dynamic domain where situations
cannot be generalized to suggest a common solution. AI techniques have enabled us to capture the
complex details of each situation and provide a solution that is best fit for that particular problem.
Gradually very complex problems are being solved with the development of various AI techniques
[3].
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agriculture can lead to several technological developments. This includes
the usage of cameras and other sensors, data analytics, the Internet of Things, and consultancy services.
AI in agriculture will advance to the point where it can analyze a variety of data sources, including
temperature, crop performance, weather, and soil, to generate more accurate forecast predictions. AI
has the potential to enhance crop management and productivity in agriculture through the prompt
identification of plant diseases and the effective application of agrochemicals. Quick plant
phenotyping, agricultural monitoring, analyzing soil composition, predicting the weather, and yield
prediction are all made easier using machine learning. An increasing number of farmers are utilizing
AI, IoT, and other technological advances to increase the productivity of their land [4].

AI technology has immense contributions to agriculture. Precision farming, predictive analytics,

automated machinery, smart irrigation systems, crop and soil monitoring, supply chain optimization,
weather forecasting, and livestock management are the few AI technologies that can improve
performance in agriculture.
AI in agriculture enhances efficiency by optimizing processes like crop management, irrigation, and
harvesting, leading to higher yields. It enables precision farming through real-time monitoring of
crops, soil, and weather, helping farmers make data-driven decisions to reduce waste. AI-powered
drones and sensors monitor crop health and detect diseases early, allowing timely interventions and
reducing losses. Predictive analytics use historical data and environmental factors to forecast yields,
market demand, and optimal planting times, aiding in effective planning. Additionally, AI-driven
automation reduces the need for manual labour in tasks like weeding, planting, and harvesting,
resulting in cost savings for farmers [5].

Farmers face multiple challenges when adopting AI technologies, including high initial costs, which
can be prohibitive for small-scale and resource-constrained farmers. Limited access to advanced
technology and infrastructure, particularly in rural and developing areas, hampers adoption, while a
lack of technical expertise necessitates substantial training and support. From a farmer's perspective,
artificial intelligence is limited to the digital realm and may not be useful in the field. Incomprehension
and exorbitant costs fall short of elucidating the benefits and appropriate application methods.
Implements used in precision agriculture are limited in their use by small land holdings and uneven
fields. Economic risks, such as potential failures and uncertain returns on investment, deter farmers
from integrating AI. Additionally, AI solutions may not easily adapt to diverse agricultural conditions,
such as varying climates, soil types, and crop varieties, complicating their implementation. Cultural
and social resistance to change further hinders adoption, as traditional farming practices are deeply
ingrained. Lastly, ensuring that AI technologies align with sustainable farming practices and do not
negatively impact the environment presents a critical challenge.
2. OBJECTIVES OF REVIEW STUDY :
The objectives of our review study are:
(1) To study AI and its need in agriculture.
(2) To study the process of AI adoption in agriculture.
(3) To learn some agriculture techniques as being monitored by AI.
(4) To know the research gap and research agendas to contribute further research in the
implementation of AI technology in agriculture.
(5) To design the schematic design architecture of the proposed system.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 286

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

3. METHODOLOGY :
The study utilizes a systematic approach for conducting a historical literature review, which involves
searching various resources from international and national journals, conferences, databases, and other
sources on the internet to collect and analyze relevant information of the research study.
4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON RELATED WORKS :
The details of our literature study have been reported under five different categories of review based
on the five different keywords.

4.1 Implementation of AI by Small-scale and medium-scale farmers in agriculture articles:

India's agricultural sector is central to its economy but struggles with traditional methods failing to
meet food and employment demands. Implementing newer technologies like artificial intelligence (AI)
is promising, enhancing farmers' income, productivity, and efficiency. This chapter discusses AI's role
in advancing socioeconomic and environmental sustainability in Indian agriculture and highlights AI
techniques adopted by small and medium-sized farmers [6].

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing agriculture by providing data-driven support to farmers

and extension services, particularly benefiting smallholder farms in developing countries. AI enables
precision farming through technologies like drones and sensors, improves crop surveillance, and offers
timely recommendations via chatbots and virtual assistants. While AI faces challenges like high costs
and resistance from farmers, successful initiatives like M-Velanmai and Plantix demonstrate its
potential to enhance productivity and contribute to global food security [7].

Identifies several applications of artificial intelligence in agriculture, including irrigation, weeding,

and spraying, using sensors and technologies embedded in robots and drones. These AI-driven
solutions help conserve water, pesticides, and herbicides, maintain soil fertility, optimize manpower
use, boost productivity, and improve crop quality [8].

This paper reviews the use of advanced technologies, including machine learning, IoT, and robotics,
in precision farming, disease detection, and crop phenotyping to reduce chemical usage, cut costs,
improve soil fertility, and increase productivity [9].

Farming is heavily influenced by unpredictable external factors like weather and pests, making initial
planning challenging. AI systems require extensive data for training and accurate predictions, and
while spatial data is easily obtained, temporal data is more difficult to collect. Additionally, in India,
adopting AI in agriculture is costly and may increase unemployment [10].

The main objective is to review the various applications of artificial intelligence in farming. These
developments reduce the excessive use of water, pesticides, and herbicides; they also aid in the
efficient use of labor and enhance quality [11].

Apart from the above, the details of the study of other papers have been summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Scholarly literature review on the Implementation of AI by Small-scale and medium-scale

farmers in agriculture
Area and focus of
S. No Research Outcome of Research Reference

1. The application of artificial The use of social media platforms Patil, S. et. al.
intelligence (AI) in agriculture, and mobile applications can (2024). [12]
including smart irrigation, enhance AI awareness and
harvesting robots, and weather improve agricultural activities,
forecasting, but limited adoption contributing to national economic
of AI tools among farmers of growth
Karnataka.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 287

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

2. Highlighted critical issues in Introduced "smart tillage," a Rakhra. et. al.

agriculture, including lack of platform for renting and leasing (2022). [13]
awareness of modern technology, equipment, and developed a
financial challenges, and reliance machine learning model using
on traditional methods and the decision trees to aid in equipment
aim is to enhance farmers' quality hiring.
of life by reducing labor-
intensive tasks through smart
farming techniques.

3. Drones are used for field surveys, Providing real-time data through Pathak, H. et.
crop scouting, spraying, and sensors and cameras enhances al. (2020). [14]
surveillance. decision-making and efficiency.
4. Developed a farm health It includes a cloud computing- Junaid, M. et.
monitoring system with Mobile based real-time agricultural al. (2021). [15]
phone's processing capabilities, monitoring and analysis system
integration with farm sensors, and designed to help farmers manage
internet access to alert farmers their farms more effectively by
when crops need attention reducing or eliminating the need
for on-site consultations.

5. Addresses the increasing demand Aims to help farmers choose Shah, A. et. al.
for food by proposing an optimal climatic conditions for (2018). [16]
intelligent method to predict and maximum productivity, with
optimize crop yield using model performance evaluated
advanced machine learning using RMSE, MAE, median
models. absolute error, and R-square
values.

4.2 Articles on Precision Farming:

This review explores recent advancements in precision agriculture, focusing on IoT and big data
utilization. It offers insights into innovations, challenges, and prospects, covering technologies like
drones, sensors, and machine learning. Challenges discussed include data management, technology
adoption, and cost-effectiveness [17].

The survey study provides an overview of precision farming, covering its fundamentals,
methodologies, technologies, and applications. It explores the roles of global navigation satellite
systems (GNSS), geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and sensor technology in
enabling precision agricultural methods [18].

Describes precision farming, or precision agriculture, as a modern technique that utilizes technology
and data to enhance production, sustainability, and efficiency in agriculture. By integrating tools like
GPS, GIS, remote sensing, variable rate technology (VRT), automated machinery, data management
systems, mobile apps, weather monitoring, irrigation management, and crop management software,
farmers can make informed, real-time decisions [19].

The abstract reviews the development of precision agriculture, focusing on techniques developed by
the National Agriculture Research and Education System (NARES) to improve input resource use
efficiencies. It discusses how modern tools and techniques enable precision farming in India, even
among resource-poor small and marginal farmers, through skilled service providers. Adopting these
practices enhances soil health, maintains water quality, and ensures environmental, food, and
nutritional security [20].

The abstract states that precision farming technologies effectively enhance crop production and input
use efficiency while reducing production costs and environmental impacts. However, it emphasizes

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 288

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

the need to standardize low-cost, farmer-friendly tools and techniques for assessing soil and yield
variability to optimize input application [21].

Farmers have historically employed imprecise conventional procedures, which have increased
expenses and decreased production. Precision farming enhances productivity by accurately
determining necessary practices, such as weather prediction, soil analysis, crop selection, and optimal
use of fertilizers and pesticides. To gather data, comprehend systems, and forecast results, it makes
use of cutting-edge technologies including machine learning, deep learning, IoT, and data analytics
[22].

Precision farming leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to
revolutionize modern agricultural practices. These technologies have led to significant advancements
in crop monitoring, resource management, and decision-making. However, challenges such as
accessibility, connectivity, and integration complexity remain. The article emphasizes precision
farming’s role in enhancing agricultural productivity [23].

AI in smart agriculture can enhance farming, reduce costs, increase profits, and improve production
management by enabling data collection and real-time assessments. While AI offers numerous
benefits, its adoption faces significant challenges. This paper highlights the promise and challenges of
AI in agriculture while outlining the subfields that require development and providing a clever
framework for agricultural growth [24].

The study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) might improve
the sustainability and efficiency of contemporary agriculture by tackling issues like labor costs and
climate change. It talks about resource management, crop yield forecasts, and precision farming
applications, showing how these technologies increase real-time monitoring, automate processes, and
improve decision-making. A more resilient agricultural future may be realized by examining the
possibility of improved transparency and data security through the synergy between blockchain and
cloud computing [25].

The study emphasizes the necessity of integrating AI into farming practices, particularly in production,
irrigation, and harvest processes. AI-driven systems analyzing weather data, soil parameters, and
historical yield data can optimize crop production, leading to increased profitability and sustainability
in agriculture. Experimental outcomes demonstrate optimized irrigation, planting, and harvest
functions, resulting in higher yields, reduced resource wastage, and improved profits. However,
challenges of accessibility and cost hinder sector-wide adoption of AI in agriculture, yet ongoing
research aims to address scalability and affordability through machine learning and sensor technology
enhancements, promising further advancements [26].

Review of the literature performed on the keyword Precision Farming is listed in Table 3.
Table 3: Scholarly Literature on Precision Farming
Area and focus of
S. No Research Outcome of Research Reference
1. Use of intelligent decision support Using latent profile analysis Adereti, D. et. al.
systems (DSS) to improve (LPA), was beneficial to (2024). [27]
agricultural suggestions and lessen improve engagement and
environmental consequences. potentially increase DSS
adoption
2. Precision agriculture aims to Suggests improvements for Mahmud, M. S.
enhance sustainability by applying developing efficient A. et. al. (2020).
treatments precisely in time and autonomous agricultural [28]
place, using automation and systems
robotics.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 289

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

3. Various technologies in precision Boost crop productivity Pandey, H. et. al.

agriculture, including sensors, (2021). [29]
GPS, software, and remote sensing,
can significantly highlight
applications such as data
collection, yield assessment,
quality mapping, variable fertilizer
dosing, and heat map development.
4. AI technologies optimize crop Highlights how AI can Pandey, D. K. et.
cultivation through predictive transform food production, al. (2024). [30]
modeling, precision agriculture, distribution, and
and efficient crop monitoring and management, fostering a
disease identification. more secure and sustainable
future
5. AI-driven tools like robotics, Enhance efficiency in crop Mahapatra, A.
drones, and IoT devices facilitate and soil monitoring, weather et. al. (2021).
precision agriculture. forecasting, and supply [31]
chain management
6. Precision farming, utilizing IoT, Helps economic Durai, S. K. S.
data mining, analytics, and development et. al. (2022).
machine learning, enhances [32]
productivity by accurately
predicting the weather, analyzing
soil, and determining optimal crop
and fertilizer use.

4.3 Articles on Predictive Analytics:

Weather and climate significantly impact agricultural production, necessitating various crop and
livestock monitoring activities using diverse methodologies. This study explores different crop
monitoring systems, highlighting challenges in predictive analysis and remote monitoring. It
emphasizes the crucial role of AI and machine learning in creating comprehensive frameworks for
predictive analysis and intelligent greenhouse monitoring, involving data acquisition, processing,
feature extraction, transmission, and classification [33].

This paper explores the transition from traditional to smart farming (Agriculture 4.0) driven by
population growth and the need for efficient crop monitoring. It highlights the integration of robotics,
including wheeled and aerial vehicles, with AI and IoT to enhance agricultural practices. The paper
also discusses the use of image processing in AI to identify crop diseases and optimize herbicide use
based on plant growth predictions [34].

The FAO predicts an additional 2 billion people by 2050, with only a 4% increase in cultivated land.
To address this, AI can enhance farming by tracking and predicting agricultural parameters, improving
crop yields, and optimizing resources. AI's applications include soil analysis, disease detection, and
water management, already showing positive results in countries like Singapore and the US. Despite
challenges like data requirements and initial investment, AI and IoT are crucial for sustainable
agriculture and meeting future food demands [35].

The study explores agricultural automation to reduce farmers' physical labor and debt, highlighting the
importance of tool renting and sharing for efficient resource management. A pilot study of 562 Indian
farmers categorized them into small, moderate, and large groups, and applied three machine learning
models—nearest neighbors, logistic regression, and decision trees—to analyze data on equipment
needs. The decision tree model, reliant on various input factors, emerged as the most effective,
suggesting significant social and economic benefits for farmers through improved access to necessary
equipment [36].

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 290

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

Analyzes the integration of AI and ML in the agricultural supply chain (ASC), highlighting their
impact on monitoring, prediction, and decision-making. It reviews applications in crop yield
prediction, soil properties, irrigation, weather forecasting, disease detection, demand management,
production planning, transportation, storage, inventory, and retailing. Popular technologies include
artificial neural networks, support vector machines, UAVs, and remote sensors, with a focus on crop
yield and soil properties prediction [37].

Surveys AI technologies that leverage data (e.g., temperature, precipitation, wind speed, solar
radiation) and machine learning to predict weather, analyze crop sustainability, and evaluate farm
health. It highlights the benefits of AI in providing personalized agricultural plans, understanding
agricultural data, and addressing challenges like climate change and pest infestations to improve
harvests [38].

Review indicates that adopting AI in the Agricultural Value Chain (AVC) can boost agricultural
income, enhance competitiveness, and lower costs. Deep learning algorithms, particularly artificial
neural networks, are widely used by AVC actors for water resource management, yield prediction,
price and demand forecasting, energy efficiency, optimizing fertilizer and pesticide use, crop planning,
personalized advisement, and predicting consumer behavior [39].

Review of the literature performed on the keyword Predictive Analytics is listed in Table 4.
Table 4: Scholarly Literature on Predictive Analytics
Area and focus of
S. No Research Outcome of Research Reference
1. Developed a smartphone The app predicts the most Mridha, K. et. al.
application for Android devices suitable crops based on (2021). [40]
that leverages knowledge research current weather and soil
techniques to enhance agricultural conditions, detects leaf
productivity. diseases, forecasts rainfall,
and identifies soil nutrient
deficiencies.
2. Predictive ML supervised Assist in crop and fertilizer Sharma, R. et. al.
classification algorithms, selection, pest control, and (2024). [41]
particularly K-Nearest Neighbor irrigation, considering factors
(KNN), like climate, soil type, and
crop history
3. AI techniques help monitor crop Benefits of AI in agriculture Păvăloaia, V. D.
health, detect weeds and plant include optimized planting, et. al. (2023).
diseases, and predict weather and irrigation, and fertilization, [42])
commodity prices. better resource management,
enhanced food safety, real-
time data analysis, and
predictive maintenance.
4. Use of machine learning with Focuses on predicting soil Sharma, A. et.
computer vision for classifying parameters like organic al. (2020). [43]
various crop images to monitor carbon and moisture content,
crop quality and assess yield crop yield prediction, disease
and weed detection, and
species identification.
5. Use of AI and machine learning in Helps in supply chain Pallathadka, H.
the food and agricultural sector optimization, crop selection, et. al. (2022).
logistics, disease detection, [44]
smart irrigation, yield
prediction, and analysis of soil
and weather data

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 291

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

6. Uses machine learning and deep To forecast crop yields in Sharma, P. et. al.
learning techniques, including India, benefiting small-scale (2023). [45]
Decision Tree, Random Forest, farmers.
XGBoost, CNN, and LSTM

4.4 Articles on Automated Machinery:

This paper provides background on AI methods in agriculture, including machine learning, IoT, expert
systems, image processing, and computer vision. It reviews the literature on effective AI applications
in data collection, smart robots, and monitoring systems for crops and irrigation. The paper highlights
how AI maintains quality, productivity, and sustainability, and discusses the benefits and challenges
of various AI methodologies in smart farming [46].

This study reviews the role of AI and IoT in digitizing and automating agriculture, highlighting their
significant impact on pre-and post-harvest operations. It emphasizes the importance of sensor-
generated data, managed through machine learning, to predict farming challenges. Applications
include smart machinery, irrigation, pest control, and more, with CNNs aiding in automation. While
the security of local networks poses a challenge, the cost-effectiveness and robustness of IoT and AI
solutions promise widespread adoption. The analysis aims to guide researchers and stakeholders in
selecting optimal models and techniques for agricultural tasks [47].
This paper reviews AI's role in agriculture, highlighting its importance in improving crop yield and
quality. It examines 77 studies from the past 21 years, showcasing various AI approaches in farming.
The research aims to aid further exploration of AI techniques and their applications in agriculture [48].

Measuring the work area of agricultural machinery is vital for various operational and analytical
purposes but is often hampered by manual methods' inaccuracy and time consumption. This study
presents a smart system using IoT, GPS, and AI to automatically and precisely calculate the work area
of agricultural machinery. The system employs nearest-neighbor algorithms and contact-based
mechanisms, achieving accurate measurements with a maximum 9% error for irregularly shaped fields
[49].

This study explores the integration of AI with drones in agriculture through a bibliometric analysis of
234 articles from Scopus and Web of Science. Findings highlight the transformative potential of AI-
driven drones in crop monitoring, precision agriculture, and environmental sensing, offering insights
and identifying knowledge gaps for future research and sustainable farming advancements [50].

This article explores the transformation of Indian agriculture through technological advancements,
highlighting innovations such as precision farming, intelligent irrigation, and AI-powered crop
monitoring. It discusses the role of data analytics, drones, and biotechnology in enhancing efficiency,
sustainability, and productivity. The comprehensive analysis underscores the sector's promising future
as it embraces these innovations to address food security and rural challenges [51].

Review of the literature performed on the keyword Automated Machinery is listed in Table 5.
Table 5: Scholarly Literature on Automated Machinery
Area and focus of
S. No Research Outcome of Research
Reference
1. Precision agriculture aims to Highlights the diverse challenges Mahmud, M.
optimize treatments with minimal of different farming operations, S. A. et. al.
input for high efficiency and emphasizing the need for tailored (2020). [52]
sustainability, leveraging solutions and cost-effective
automation and robotics to reduce development to ensure broad
environmental impact while adoption by farmers.
maximizing output.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 292

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

2. Reviews research and commercial Highlighting the focus on Fountas, S.

agricultural robots used in crop harvesting and weeding robots, et. al. (2020).
field operations. while noting less attention on [53]
disease detection and seeding
robots.
3. Agricultural robots play a crucial Robots remain limited to small- Cheng, C. et.
role in modern digital agriculture, scale applications due to al. (2023).
leveraging advancements in insufficient artificial intelligence [54]
computer science, sensing, and integration.
control technologies.
4. Remote sensing applications Highlights recent advances in Kayad, A. et.
sensor applications in agriculture, al. (2020).
featuring 14 articles on soil and [55]
plant sensing, farm management,
and post-harvest applications.

4.5 Articles on Supply Chain Optimization:

Recent AI advancements have created decision support systems for pest identification and monitoring
in agriculture, yet these often fail to meet user demands, hindering integration into integrated pest
management (IPM). Challenges include AI effectiveness, field functionality, computational expertise,
and system mobility. Effective, adaptable, user-friendly, low-cost, and mobile AI systems can
overcome these obstacles, supporting innovative IPM integration for farmers [56].

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges for Indian farmers, highlighting the potential
role of artificial intelligence (AI) in agricultural advancement. This paper evaluates AI's application
and benefits in agriculture amidst the crisis. Through survey data from 523 farmers and Interpretive
Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis, key challenges for implementing AI are
identified, including responsive time and accuracy, standardization issues, data requirements, costs,
implementation methods, versatility, awareness gaps, and employment concerns [57].

Explains that artificial intelligence (AI) is enhancing farmers' efficiency and reducing environmental
impacts in agriculture. The industry has embraced AI to transform outcomes by managing adverse
natural conditions and detecting diseases or climate changes early. AI helps process agricultural data
to mitigate negative impacts. In conclusion, AI is an emerging technology with significant potential to
improve agriculture in India [58].

Developed a Smart Health System for Agricultural Machines with Deep Learning-based Optimization
(SHMAM-DLO) using IoT and AI. It proposes a Fusion Genetic Algorithm (FGA) and Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) for optimization in monitoring agricultural machine health. By utilizing
smartphone microphones instead of costly IoT sensors, it enables cost-effective implementation [59].

AI in agriculture is enabling greater productivity with less labour, land, and time. It can promote
intelligent agricultural methods to reduce farmer losses and increase their profits [60].

It reveals that AI-based farm advisory systems significantly help farmers make proactive decisions. AI
is extensively used in developed countries, benefiting farmers, and its application in India through
deep learning techniques aids in accurate crop yield assessments and production predictions. AI
promotes effective resource management, technical learning, and genetic modifications in plants,
efficient land-use management, and crop relocation activities [61].

Agriculture significantly contributes to India's economy, but population growth and climate change
impact crop production and food security. This research utilizes machine learning to estimate crop
yield for five crops in Rajasthan, India, finding Random Forest to be the most effective algorithm with
an R2 of 0.963. The results, validated using R2, RMSE, and MAE, aim to help farmers improve crop
yield through informed crop selection [62].

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 293

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

Review of the literature performed on the keyword Supply Chain Optimization is listed in Table 6.
Table 6: Scholarly Literature on Supply Chain Optimization
Area and focus of
S. No Research Outcome of Research Reference

1. Examines the impact and Technologies aim to make Shanmugasundara

applications of IoT, smart agriculture smarter, easier, m, N. et. al. (2023,
sensors, WSN, image processing, and more productive with March). [63]
data analytics, AI, and ML minimal resources.
technologies in modern
agriculture.
2. AI and cognitive technologies AI will enable farms of all Malo, M. (2020).
enhance farm efficiency, sizes to operate efficiently and [64]
improving crop yield, and soil sustainably, ensuring global
health, producing essential food security.
dietary staples, and meeting the
industry's needs
3. Discuss advances in weather Highlights the use of historical Ukhurebor, K. E.
monitoring systems for data, measurements, models, et al. (2022). [65]
sustainable smart agriculture. algorithms, and computations
to enhance food production,
safety, and security
4. In the agri-food sector, AI Highlights AI's transformative Taneja, A. et al.
enhances productivity, impact on the agri-food sector (2023). [66]
efficiency, and sustainability by improving efficiency,
through precision agriculture, reducing waste, and
crop monitoring, predictive enhancing food safety and
analytics, supply chain quality.
optimization, food processing,
quality control, personalized
nutrition, and food safety.
5. SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE SURVEY :
The current research on the implementation of AI in agriculture has contributed many innovative
contributions to agriculture. The various contributions of AI include smart sensors, drones, GPS
(Global Positioning System), WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GIS (Geographic Information
System), software, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – UAVs popularly known as drones and remote sensing
satellites. The literature has also employed various AI and machine learning techniques, through which
we came to know that AI approaches are assisting in raising production and overcoming obstacles such
as crop yield prediction, soil properties, irrigation, weather forecasting, and disease detection which
helps in maintaining quality, productivity, and sustainability of various AI methodologies in smart
farming. However, it is observed that the implementation of the above technology in the agricultural
sector has challenges as high-cost equipment cannot be affordable to small and medium-scale farmers,
limited access to advanced technology and infrastructure, particularly in rural and developing areas,
hampers adoption, while a lack of technical expertise necessitates substantial training and support. AI
solutions may not easily adapt to diverse agricultural conditions, such as varying climates, soil types,
and crop varieties, complicating their implementation. The final section of the review addresses the
problems and difficulties associated with applying AI, particularly in agricultural sectors. Although
this review may not cover every article published on the implementation of AI in agriculture, it
provides valuable insights into current trends and obstacles in this area.
6. CURRENT STATUS AND NEW RELATED ISSUES :
The research conducted so far on the implementation of AI and ML tools in agriculture had greater
hope for practical implementation. However, due to several reasons, these techniques have failed in
reaching the agriculturists. The major drawbacks of such failure may include a lack of knowledge of

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 294

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

AI and ML tools by the agriculturists, tools supporting major activities of agriculture for large-scale,
medium-scale as well as small-scale farmers. Many of the AI and ML tools are not customized as per
the requirements of the agriculturists. This makes the agriculturists not to implement the above tools
practically. It is very essential to customize the AI and ML tools for small-scale, medium-scale and
large-scale farmers as per their needs. In this concern, various journals and articles are reviewed and
the following issues are identified.
● Implementing AI technologies in agriculture requires significant investment in hardware,
software, and training, which are not affordable for small-scale and medium-scale farmers in
developing countries.
● Farmers often lack the technical skills needed to operate and maintain AI systems. There is
often a shortage of training programs designed to educate farmers and agricultural
professionals on how to use AI technologies as well as how to troubleshoot issues.
● Unpredictable changes in temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather events can disrupt
farming operations, which can lead to harvesting too early or too late, impacting crop quality
and market value. Accurate weather forecasts are essential for determining the best times to
harvest crops.
● A lack of knowledge about soil properties, Crop yield prediction, Disease and weed detection,
and drip irrigation can lead to ineffective soil management practices. Without proper
knowledge, farmers might apply fertilizers incorrectly, which can harm the soil and crops.
● Many rural areas where farming is the main culture lack high-speed internet, which is essential
for accessing cloud-based AI services, real-time data transfer, and communication between
devices.
7. RESEARCH GAP :
Following research gaps are identified: -
(1) High-cost: mall-scale and medium-scale farmers cannot afford high-tech equipment due to
their financial status.
(2) Information on AI tools: The adoption of new technology is hindered by limited knowledge of
infrastructure and resources. This requires significant training and support.
(3) Uncertainty in weather forecast: Uncertainty in weather forecast is a major challenge in
agriculture. To provide updated information about the weather forecast many AI and ML tools
are available. But these tools fail to reach the end users who are nothing but the farmers.
(4) Poor knowledge of Soil Culture: Ineffective soil management techniques can result from a lack
of understanding about soil qualities such as crop yield prediction, disease and weed
identification, and drip irrigation.
(5) Need for robust infrastructure: Many rural areas lack in getting high-speed internet, which is
essential for cloud-based AI services, and real-time data transfer.
8. RESEARCH AGENDA BASED ON THE RESEARCH GAP :
The primary goal of the research is to create a model that can provide low-cost, dependable solutions
based on existing data and should assist farmers globally.
The proposed model with the name ‘Krishi-Culture App’ is planned to fulfill the research gap by giving
facilities like cost management where the small-scale and medium-scale farmers can get the details of
the necessary items including their availability and price. Here the app generates the necessities of the
farmers as output by taking the input data from the farmer during the registration process. The data
like personal details, land details, location details, and crop details fed during the registration process
are used in several features of the app as inputs to generate the required dependable solutions.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 295

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

The proposed model's block schematic representation is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2: Schematic representation of the proposed Krishi-Culture App Model

The following are the advantages of the proposed model.

● Avoids confusion and provides services in the most simplified form.
● Gives detailed information about the use of equipment, and other necessities by taking input
data from the farmers.
● Farmers will get to know the weather conditions on request during the different activities of
farming like harvesting, weeding, manuring, spraying, etc.
● Supports the soil culture of the farmer and suggests the necessary supplements to be added.
● Model uses the internal memory to store and forward the details based on internet connectivity.
However, dynamic use of the model app needs fast internet connectivity which is a challenge
in the rural area and may bring a limitation to the app.

The features of the proposed model are listed below.

(1) Cost Management:
This feature of the model is used to create a database with all the types of equipment, pesticides, and
fertilizers that are part of agriculture. Based on land size and crop type, output will be displayed as per
the needs of the farmers.
(2) Information on AI tools:
Gives information on farming activities in the form of YouTube videos as per the needs of the farmers.
(3) Weather forecast:
This feature of the model will consider a real-time weather report (.csv file) which is compared with
the database containing the list of crops taken from the registration data to help the farmer predict the
weather conditions for various activities related to farming. This will reduce the loss and improve the
performance of the farmer’s agriculture activities.
(4) Soil Culture:
This feature of the model will inform the various parameters of the soil and suggest the supplements
to be given to improve productivity.

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 296

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

(5) Store & forward mechanism:

This feature of the model takes all the details from the farmer and stores them in the system whenever
there is no internet connectivity. The moment the internet connectivity is available, forwarding of
messages is done. This feature is helpful for the farmers to work even in places where there is no
internet connectivity.
9. CONCLUSION :
AI and ML tools provide remarkable contributions to the agricultural sector. Many tools help the
farmers find out the various reports like machinery, weather forecast, soil culture, etc. However, it is
observed by referring to various journals, articles, and papers that these tools fail to reach the end users
i.e. the farmers. Keeping this in mind certain research gaps are identified and a model is proposed
which will use the AI and ML tools in such a way that the outcome of the model is understandable to
the farmers. The model is mainly focused on small-scale and medium-scale farmers to provide
information like material management, information, weather forecasts, soil culture, and network
management. The overall objective is to educate and implement AI and ML tools in agriculture.
REFERENCES :
[1] Bannerjee, G., Sarkar, U., Das, S., & Ghosh, I. (2018). Artificial intelligence in agriculture: A
literature survey. International Journal of Scientific Research in computer Science applications
and Management Studies, 7(3), 1-6. Google Scholar♐
[2] Oliveira, R. C. D., & Silva, R. D. D. S. E. (2023). Artificial intelligence in agriculture: benefits,
challenges, and trends. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7405. Google Scholar♐
[3] Dutta, S., Rakshit, S., & Chatterjee, D. (2020). Use of artificial intelligence in Indian
agriculture. Food and Sci. Rep., 1, 65-72. Google Scholar♐
[4] Talaviya, T., Shah, D., Patel, N., Yagnik, H., & Shah, M. (2020). Implementation of artificial
intelligence in agriculture for optimisation of irrigation and application of pesticides and
herbicides. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 4, 58-73. Google Scholar♐
[5] Meghwanshi, S. (2024). Artificial Intelligence In Agriculture: A Review. Google Scholar♐
[6] Anitha Mary, X., Popov, V., Raimond, K., Johnson, I., & Vijay, S. J. (2022). Scope and recent
trends of artificial intelligence in Indian agriculture. The digital agricultural revolution:
Innovations and challenges in agriculture through technology disruptions, 1-24. Google
Scholar♐
[7] Anshuman, Jyotishree & Mallick, Biswajit. (2024). Innovative Agriculture Strategies and Concepts
in Extension. Google Scholar♐
[8] Talaviya, T., Shah, D., Patel, N., Yagnik, H., & Shah, M. (2020). Implementation of artificial
intelligence in agriculture for optimization of irrigation and application of pesticides and
herbicides. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 4, 58-73. Google Scholar♐
[9] Pathan, M., Patel, N., Yagnik, H., & Shah, M. (2020). Artificial cognition for applications in smart
agriculture: A comprehensive review. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 4, 81-95. Google
Scholar♐
[10] Saxena, A., Suna, T., & Saha, D. (2020, May). Application of artificial intelligence in Indian
agriculture. In Souvenir: 19 national convention–artificial intelligence in agriculture: Indian
perspective. RCA Alumni Association, Udaipur. xvi. Google Scholar♐
[11] Khan, R., Dhingra, N., & Bhati, N. (2022). Role of artificial intelligence in agriculture: A
comparative study. In Transforming Management with AI, Big-Data, and IoT (pp. 73-83). Cham:
Springer International Publishing. Google Scholar♐

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 297

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

[12] Patil, S., Premalatha, K. P., & Hawaldar, I. T. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Artificial
Intelligence on Agriculture‐A Study on Farmers’ Level of Awareness. Digital Agricultural
Ecosystem: Revolutionary Advancements in Agriculture, 161-174. Google Scholar♐
[13] Rakhra, Manik & Sanober, Sumaya & Quadri, Noorulhasan Naveed & Verma, Neha & Ray,
Samrat & Asenso, Evans. (2022). Implementing Machine Learning for Smart Farming to Forecast
Farmers' Interest in Hiring Equipment. Journal of Food Quality. 2022. 10.1155/2022/4721547.
Google Scholar♐
[14] Pathak, H., Kumar, G., Mohapatra, S. D., Gaikwad, B. B., & Rane, J. (2020). Use of drones in
agriculture: Potentials, Problems and Policy Needs. ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress
Management, 300, 4-15. Google Scholar♐
[15] Junaid, M., Shaikh, A., Hassan, M. U., Alghamdi, A., Rajab, K., Al Reshan, M. S., & Alkinani,
M. (2021). Smart agriculture cloud using AI-based techniques. Energies, 14(16), 5129. Google
Scholar♐
[16] Shah, A., Dubey, A., Hemnani, V., Gala, D., & Kalbande, D. R. (2018). Smart farming system:
Crop yield prediction using regression techniques. In Proceedings of International Conference on
Wireless Communication: ICWiCom 2017 (pp. 49-56). Springer Singapore. Google Scholar♐
[17] Karunathilake, E. M. B. M., Le, A. T., Heo, S., Chung, Y. S., & Mansoor, S. (2023). The path to
smart farming: Innovations and opportunities in precision agriculture. Agriculture, 13(8),
1593.Google Scholar♐
[18] Kushwaha, M., Singh, S., Singh, V., & Dwivedi, S. (2024). Precision Farming: A Review of
Methods, Technologies, and Future Prospects. International Journal of Environment,
Agriculture, and Biotechnology, 9(2). Google Scholar♐
[19] Beg, A., Patel, N. K., & Patel, L. (2024). Precision Farming. Google Scholar♐
[20] Singh, A. K. (2022). Precision agriculture in India–opportunities and challenges. Indian Journal
of Fertilisers, 18(4), 308-331. Google Scholar♐
[21] Hussain, S. M., Hussain, K., Farwah, S., Lone, S., & Rashid, M. (2021). Precision agriculture-
Smart Farming: The future of agriculture. Recent Advances in Agriculture, Engineering and
Biotechnology for Food Security, 167-171. Google Scholar♐
[22] Gaur, A. S., Raghuvanshi, C. S., & Sharan, H. O. (2024). Smart Prediction Farming Using Deep
Learning and AI Techniques. In Sustainable Development in AI, Blockchain, and E-Governance
Applications (pp. 152-170). IGI Global. Google Scholar♐
[23] Alazzai, W. K., Abood, B. S. Z., Al-Jawahry, H. M., & Obaid, M. K. (2024). Precision Farming:
The Power of AI and IoT Technologies. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 491, p. 04006). EDP
Sciences. Google Scholar♐
[24] Gupta, S. B. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Smart Agriculture: Applications and
Challenges. CURRENT APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, e0254427-e0254427.
Google Scholar♐
[25] Hussein, A. H. A., Jabbar, K. A., Mohammed, A., & Al-Jawahry, H. M. (2024). AI and IoT in
Farming: A Sustainable Approach. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 491, p. 01020). EDP
Sciences. Google Scholar♐
[26] Vijaya, S., Kirange, M. D. V., Satyannarayana, B., Garg, A., & Bhende, M. (2024). Developing
AI-powered Systems to Optimize Planting, Irrigation, and Harvest Processes for Increased
Agricultural Productivity. NATURALISTA CAMPANO, 28(1), 2324-2330. Google Scholar♐
[27] Adereti, D. T., Gardezi, M., Wang, T., & McMaine, J. (2024). Understanding farmers’
engagement and barriers to machine learning‐based intelligent agricultural decision support
systems. Agronomy Journal, 116(3), 1237-1249. Google Scholar♐

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 298

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

[28] Mahmud, M. S. A., Abidin, M. S. Z., Emmanuel, A. A., & Hasan, H. S. (2020). Robotics and
automation in agriculture: present and future applications. Applications of Modelling and
Simulation, 4, 130-140. Google Scholar♐
[29] Pandey, H., Singh, D., Das, R., & Pandey, D. (2021). Precision farming and its application. Smart
Agriculture Automation Using Advanced Technologies: Data Analytics and Machine Learning,
Cloud Architecture, Automation and IoT, 17-33. Google Scholar♐
[30] Pandey, D. K., & Mishra, R. (2024). Towards sustainable agriculture: Harnessing AI for global
food security. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture. Google Scholar♐
[31] Mahapatra, A., & Singh, S. (2021). Prospects of artificial intelligence in Indian agriculture.
Google Scholar♐
[32] Durai, S. K. S., & Shamili, M. D. (2022). Smart farming using machine learning and deep learning
techniques. Decision Analytics Journal, 3, 100041. Google Scholar♐
[33] Goel, N., Kaur, S., & Kumar, Y. (2022). Machine learning-based remote monitoring and
predictive analytics system for crop and livestock. In AI, Edge and IoT-based Smart Agriculture
(pp. 395-407). Academic Press. Google Scholar♐
[34] Arockia Doss, A. S., Jeyabalan, A., Borah, P. R., Lingampally, P. K., & Schilberg, I. D. (2023).
Advancements in Agricultural Automation: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence
and Humanoid Robotics in Farming. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 2350012.
Google Scholar♐
[35] Qaiser, Md Zeeshan. (2024). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): ROLE IN
TRANSFORMATION OF FUTURE AGRICULTURE. 10.13140/RG.2.2.18991.96166. Google
Scholar♐
[36] Rakhra, M., Sanober, S., Quadri, N. N., Verma, N., Ray, S., & Asenso, E. (2022). [Retracted]
Implementing Machine Learning for Smart Farming to Forecast Farmers’ Interest in Hiring
Equipment. Journal of Food Quality, 2022(1), 4721547. Google Scholar♐
[37] Aylak, B. L. (2021). Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in agricultural
supply chain: a critical commentary. Google Scholar♐
[38] Kasyap, C. S., & Tiwari, S. Crop Management Using Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Survey.
Google Scholar♐
[39] Ganeshkumar, C., Jena, S. K., Sivakumar, A., & Nambirajan, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence in
agricultural value chain: review and future directions. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and
Emerging Economies, 13(3), 379-398. Google Scholar♐
[40] Mridha, K., & Hasan, S. M. A. (2021, December). Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Agricultural
Sector. In 2021 International Conference on Control, Automation, Power and Signal Processing
(CAPS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Google Scholar♐
[41] Sharma, R., Pawar, C., Sharma, P., & Malik, A. (2024). Predictive Algorithms for Smart
Agriculture. In Data Analytics and Machine Learning: Navigating the Big Data Landscape (pp.
61-80). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. Google Scholar♐
[42] Păvăloaia, V. D., & Necula, S. C. (2023). Artificial intelligence as a disruptive technology—a
systematic literature review. Electronics, 12(5), 1102. Google Scholar♐
[43] Sharma, A., Jain, A., Gupta, P., & Chowdary, V. (2020). Machine learning applications for
precision agriculture: A comprehensive review. IEEE Access, 9, 4843-4873. Google Scholar♐
[44] Pallathadka, H., Jawarneh, M., Sammy, F., Garchar, V., Sanchez, D. T., & Naved, M. (2022,
April). A Review of Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Food and Agriculture

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 299

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

Industry. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative

Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) (pp. 2215-2218). IEEE. Google Scholar♐
[45] Sharma, P., Dadheech, P., Aneja, N., & Aneja, S. (2023). Predicting Agriculture Yields Based on
Machine Learning Using Regression and Deep Learning. IEEE Access. Google Scholar♐
[46] Elbasi, E., Mostafa, N., AlArnaout, Z., Zreikat, A. I., Cina, E., Varghese, G., ... & Zaki, C. (2022).
Artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural sector: a systematic literature review. Ieee
Access, 11, 171-202. Google Scholar♐
[47] Subeesh, A., & Mehta, C. R. (2021). Automation and digitization of agriculture using artificial
intelligence and internet of things. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 5, 278-291. Google
Scholar♐
[48] Kashyap, G. S., Kamani, P., Kanojia, M., Wazir, S., Malik, K., Sehgal, V. K., & Dhakar, R.
(2024). Revolutionizing Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence
Techniques in Farming. Google Scholar♐
[49] Waleed, M., Um, T. W., Kamal, T., Khan, A., & Iqbal, A. (2020). Determining the precise work
area of agriculture machinery using internet of things and artificial intelligence. Applied
Sciences, 10(10), 3365. Google Scholar♐
[50] Slimani, H., El Mhamdi, J., & Jilbab, A. (2024). Assessing the advancement of artificial
intelligence and drones’ integration in agriculture through a bibliometric study. International
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 14(1), 878-890. Google Scholar♐
[51] Verma, P., & Reddy, D. (2024). Indian Agriculture–Technology Transformation. Google
Scholar♐
[52] Mahmud, M. S. A., Abidin, M. S. Z., Emmanuel, A. A., & Hasan, H. S. (2020). Robotics and
automation in agriculture: present and future applications. Applications of Modelling and
Simulation, 4, 130-140. Google Scholar♐
[53] Fountas, S., Mylonas, N., Malounas, I., Rodias, E., Hellmann Santos, C., & Pekkeriet, E. (2020).
Agricultural robotics for field operations. Sensors, 20(9), 2672. Google Scholar♐
[54] Cheng, C., Fu, J., Su, H., & Ren, L. (2023). Recent advancements in agriculture robots: Benefits
and challenges. Machines, 11(1), 48. Google Scholar♐
[55] Kayad, A., Paraforos, D. S., Marinello, F., & Fountas, S. (2020). Latest advances in sensor
applications in agriculture. Agriculture, 10(8), 362. Google Scholar♐
[56] Leybourne, D. J., Musa, N., & Yang, P. (2024). Can artificial intelligence be integrated into pest
monitoring schemes to help achieve sustainable agriculture? An entomological, management and
computational perspective. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. Google Scholar♐
[57] Mishra, D., Mohapatra, B., Satpathy, A. S., Muduli, K., Mishra, B., Mishra, S., & Paliwal, U.
(2024). The pandemic COVID-19 and associated challenges with implementation of artificial
intelligence (AI) in Indian agriculture. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering
and Management, 1-15. Google Scholar♐
[58] Kumar, R., Yadav, S., Kumar, M., Kumar, J., & Kumar, M. (2020). Indian Agriculture Indian
agriculture. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2), 2999-3005. Google Scholar♐
[59] Shwetabh, K., & Ambhaikar, A. (2024). Smart Health Monitoring System of Agricultural
Machines: Deep Learning-based Optimization with IoT and AI. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol.
82, p. 05007). EDP Sciences. Google Scholar♐
[60] Sarkar, M. R., Masud, S. R., Hossen, M. I., & Goh, M. (2022, May). A comprehensive study on
the emerging effect of artificial intelligence in agriculture automation. In 2022 IEEE 18th

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 300

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social SRINIVAS
Sciences (IJMTS), ISSN: 2581-6012, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2024 PUBLICATION

International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Applications (CSPA) (pp. 419-424). IEEE.
Google Scholar♐
[61] Singh, S. S. J. (2020). A review on usage and expected benefits of artificial intelligence in
agriculture sector. Academia. Edu, 29(11), 1078-1085. Google Scholar♐
[62] Jhajharia, K., Mathur, P., Jain, S., & Nijhawan, S. (2023). Crop yield prediction using machine
learning and deep learning techniques. Procedia Computer Science, 218, 406-417. Google
Scholar♐
[63] Shanmugasundaram, N., Kumar, G. S., Sankaralingam, S., Vishal, S., & Kamaleswaran, N. (2023,
March). Smart Agriculture Using Modern Technologies. In 2023 9th International Conference
on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) (Vol. 1, pp. 2025-2030). IEEE.
Google Scholar♐
[64] Malo, M. (2020). Artificial intelligence in agriculture: strengthening the future of
farming. Agriculture & Food E-Newsletter, 71. Google Scholar♐
[65] Ukhurebor, K. E., Adetunji, C. O., Olugbemi, O. T., Nwankwo, W., Olayinka, A. S., Umezuruike,
C., & Hefft, D. I. (2022). Precision agriculture: Weather forecasting for future farming. In Ai,
edge and iot-based smart agriculture (pp. 101-121). Academic Press. Google Scholar♐
[66] Taneja, A., Nair, G., Joshi, M., Sharma, S., Sharma, S., Jambrak, A. R., & Phimolsiripol, Y.
(2023). Artificial intelligence: Implications for the agri-food sector. Agronomy, 13(5), 1397.
Google Scholar♐

*******

Anusha S. Rai A., et al. (2024); www.supublication.com PAGE 301