Date : 23-07-2025 STD 10 Science Total Marks : 78

* Answer the questions.[1 Mark each] [18]

1. What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to
sunlight? State the type of chemical reaction in this change.
Ans. : When white Silver chloride exposed to sunlight it produces to black metallic
colored Silver along with liberation of Chlorine gas.
2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2
This is a photo decomposition reaction.
2. Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
1. Decomposition of ferrous sulphate.
2. Dilution of sulphuric acid.
3. Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water.
4. Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water.
Ans. :
1. Endothermic.
2. Exothermic.
3. Exothermic.
4. Endothermic.
3. Why is respiration considered an exothermic process?
Ans. : Exothermic reactions release heat or energy. When you breathe out, you
must have noticed that your breath is warmer. It means heat has been released
from your body. Hence, respiration is an exothermic reaction. Also, in respiration,
you take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. It is similar to candle burning. It
takes oxygen or air to burn and gives light and heat.
4. What type of reactions are represented by the following equations?
CuSO4 + 2NaOH −−−→ Cu(OH)2 + Na2 SO4

Ans. : Double displacement reaction.

5. What happens when:
i. Piece of magnesium metal is placed in copper sulphate solution?
ii. A piece of copper metal is placed in iron sulphate solution?
Ans. :
i. Then magnesium sulphate solution and copper metal are formed:

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 Reaction: CuSO4 (aq) + Mg(a) −−−→ MgSO4 + Cu(s)

This is a displacement reaction. Magnesium is more reactive than copper. In

this reaction Magnesium displaces Copper from copper sulphate solution. The
blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades due to the formation of
colourless solution of magnesium sulphate. That brown deposit of copper
metal is formed on the magnesium piece.
ii. When iron is placed in Copper sulphate solution, the iron is coated with a
brown coloured substance "copper" and CuSo4 solution changes from
blue to light green. This is due to iron displaces copper as it is more
reactive than copper.
Reaction: Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) −−−→ Cu(s) + FeSO 4 (aq)

6. Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?

Ans. : Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because sunlight energy is
absorbed by green plants during this process.
7. Balance the following equations:
HNO3 + Ca(OH) −−−→ Ca(NO )2 + H2 O
2 3

Ans. : 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)

2
−−−→ Ca(NO )2 + 2H2 O
3

8. Balance the following chemical equation,

Al(s) + FeSO 4 (aq) −−−→ Al2 (SO4 )(aq) + Fe(s)

Ans. : Balanced equation:

Al(s) + 3FeSO 4 (aq) −−−→ Al(SO4 )3 + 3Fe

Reaction type: Single replacement.

9. Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Ans. : Oil and fat containing food items flushed with nitrogen because nitrogen
acts as an antioxidant and it prevent them from being oxidised.
10. Write the names and chemical formula of the products formed by the action of
chlorine on slaked lime.
Ans. : When chlorine action on dry slaked lime. It gives bleaching powder (CaOCl2)
and water.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O

11. Give one example of a decomposition reaction which is carried out:

a. With electricity.
b. By applying heat.
Ans. :
a. When fused sodium chloride is decomposed by passing electricity, sodium
metal is obtained.

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 b. When lead nitrate is heated strongly, it breaks down to form lead
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen.
12. In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode
double that of gas collected over the other electrode?
Ans. : This is because the formula of water is H2O, so the volume of hydrogen
produced is twice the volume of oxygen produced.
13. Potassium chlorate (KClO 3) on heating forms potassium chloride and oxygen.
Write a balanced equation for this reaction and indicate the evolution of gas.
Ans. : 2KClO 3 = 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g)

14. What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?

Ans. : When Calcium oxide i.e. quick lime is added to water filled in a bucket, it
reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) releasing a
large amount of heat.
Slaked lime - Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2.

15. Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reaction.

2Mg + O 2 → 2MgO

Ans. : Since O 2 provides oxygen so it is oxidant.

16. Ammonia reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen and water. Write a balanced
chemical equation for this reaction. Add the state symbols for all the reactants
and products.

Ans. : 4NH3 (g) + 3O2 (g) −−−→ 2N2 (g) + 6H2 O(l)

17. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also exothermic.

Ans. : Carbon burns in air to form carbon dioxide.
C(s) + O2 −−−→ CO2 (g)

Heat is released during this reaction.

18. Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen
gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

Ans. : 2K + 2H2 O −−−→ 2KOH + H2

* Answer the following question. : [ 2 marks each ] [16]

19. i. What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to a

solution of lead nitrate taken in a test tube?
ii. What type of reaction is this?
iii. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction.
Ans. :

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 i. When Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide are mixed we get Potassium
Nitrate and an insoluble solid [precipitate] Lead iodide.
Colour of the precipitate formed is Yellow [Lead Iodide].
ii. This is an example of double displacement reaction. Also, as yellow
precipitate is formed, this is also an example of precipitation reaction.
iii. Pb (NO3 )2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2 KNO 3

20. When hydrogen burns in oxygen, water is formed and when water is
electrolysed, then hydrogen and oxygen are produced. What type of reaction
takes place:
a. In the first case?
b. In the second case?
Ans. :
a. Combination reaction takes place in the first case.
b. Decomposition by electricity takes place in the second case.
21. Identify the type of reactions in each of the following reaction:
i. Fe 2 O3 + 2Al(s) −−−−→ Al2 O3 (s) + 2Fe(t)

ii. 2FeSO 4 (s) −−−→ Fe 2 O3 + SO2 (g) + SO3 (g)

iii. NH3 (g) + HCl(g) −−−→ NH4 Cl(s)

iv. CuSO4 (aq) + H2 S(g) −−−→ CuS(s) + H2 SO4 (aq)

Ans. :
i. Displacement reaction.
ii. Decomposition reaction.
iii. Type of chemical reaction is decomposition reaction.
iv. Double displacement raction.
22. Give one example of an oxidation-reduction reaction which is also:
a. A combination reaction.
b. A displacement reaction.
Ans. :
Heat

a. 2Cu + O2 −−−−−→ 2CuO

Copper Oxgen Copper Oxide

Heat

b. CuO + H2 −−−−−→ Cu + H2 O

Copper Oxide Hydrogen Copper Water

23. A student added few pieces of aluminium metal to two test tubes A and B
containing aqueous solutions of iron sulphate and copper sulphate. In the
second part of her experiment, she added iron metal to another test tubes C
and D containing aqueous solutions of aluminium sulphate and copper sulphate.
In which test tube or test tubes will she observe colour change? On the basis of
this experiment, state which one is the most reactive metal and why.

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 Ans. : Differences in chemical properties:
Test tube A: 2Al + 3FeSO 4 −−→ Al2 (SO4 )3 + 3Fe

Test tube B: 2Al + 3CuSO4 −−→ Al2 (SO4 )3 + 3Cu

Test tube C: 2Fe + Al2 (SO4 )3 −−−→ FeSO 4 + 2Al

Test tube D: Fe + CuSO4 −−−→ FeSO 4 + Cu

Aluminium is more reactive than iron because aluminium reacts with oxygen in the
air to form an oxide which is non-porous. The oxide protects aluminium from
further oxidation, so aluminium does not corrode as much as iron.
24. When copper powder is heated strongly in air, it forms copper oxide. Write a
balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Name:
a. Substance oxidised, and
b. Substance reduced.
Ans. : Balanced chemical reaction is as follows:
2Cu + O2 −−−→ 2CuO

i. He substance oxidised is copper.

ii. The substance reduced is oxygen.
25. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions ?
Explain with equations of these reactions.
Ans. : Those reactions in which a compound splits up into two or more simpler
substances are known as decomposition reactions.
Example: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide.
They are called opposite of combination reactions because in a combination
reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single substance.
Example: Magnesium and oxygen combine, when heated, to form magnesium
oxide.
26. Explain the term “rancidity”. What damage is caused by rancidity?
Ans. : The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fats and oils in foods marked
by unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity. It spoils the food materials
prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes
them unfit for eating.

* Long answer questions [5 Mark each] [40]

27. A metal salt MX when exposed to light splits up to form metal M and a gas X2.
Metal M is used in making ornaments whereas gas X2 is used in making
bleaching powder. The salt MX is itself used in black and white photography:
a. What do you think metal M is?
b. What could be gas X2?
c. Name the metal salt MX.

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 d. Name any two salt solutions which on mixing together can produce a
precipitate of salt MX.
e. What type of chemical reaction takes place when salt MX is exposed to
light? Write the equation of the reaction?
Ans. :
a. Silver.
b. Chlorine.
c. Silver chloride.
d. Silver nitrate and Sodium chloride.
e. Decomposition reaction,
2AgCl(s) −−−→ 2Ag(s) + Cl2 (g)

28. A metal X forms a salt XSO 4. The salt XSO 4 forms a clear solution in water which
reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form a blue precipitate Y. Metal X is
used in making electric wire and alloys like brass.
a. What do you think metal X could be?
b. Write the name, formula and colour of salt XSO 4.
c. What is the blue precipitate Y?
d. Write a chemical equation of the reaction which takes place when salt
XSO 4 reacts with sodium hydroxide solution. Give the state symbols of all
the reactants and products which occur in the above equation.
Ans. :
a. Metal X could be copper (Cu).
b. The salt XSO 4 is copper sulphate its formula is CuSO 4 and it is blue in
colour.
c. Copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] is the blue precipitate.
d. CuSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) −−−→ Cu(OH) (s) + Na2 SO4 (aq)
2

29. A silvery-white metal X taken in the form of ribbon, when ignited, burns in air
with a dazzling white flame to form a white powder Y. When water is added to
powder Y, it dissolves partially to form another substance Z.
a. What could metal X be?
b. What is powder Y?
c. With which substance metal X combines to form powder Y?
d. What is substance Z? Name one domestic use of substance Z.
e. Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction which takes place
when metal X burns in air to form powder Y.
Ans. :
a. Magnesium, Mg.
b. Magnesium oxide, MgO.
c. Oxygen(of air), O.
 d. Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH), Used as antacid to relieve indigestion.
e. 2Mg + O −−−→ 2MgO

30. When the solution of substance X is added to a solution of potassium iodide,

then a yellow solid separates out from the solution:
a. What do you think substance X is likely to be?
b. Name the substance which the yellow solid consists of.
c. Which characteristic of chemical reaction is illustrated by this example?
d. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place.
Mention the physical states of all the reactant and products involved in
the chemical equation.
Ans. :
a. Substance X is likely to be lead nitrate, because on reacting with potassium
iodide it forms a yellow precipitate.
b. The yellow solid or precipitate consists of lead iodide, which is one of the
products in this reaction.
c. This chemical reaction is characterised by the formation of precipitate.
d. 2Kl(s) + Pb(NO )2 (aq) −
3
−−→ 2Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq)

31. When metal X is treated with a dilute acid Y, then a gas Z is evolved which burns
readily by making a little explosion.
a. Name any two metals which can behave like metal X.
b. Name any two acids which can behave like acid Y.
c. Name the gas Z.
d. Is the gas Z lighter than or heavier than air?
e. Is the reaction between metal X and dilute acid Y, exothermic or
endothermic?
f. By taking a specific example of metal X and dilute acid Y, write a
balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place. Also
indicate physical states of all the reactants and products.
Ans. :
a. Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) metals can behave like metal X.
b. Sulphuric acid (H2SO 4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) can behave like acid Y.
c. Gas Z is hydrogen gas (H2).
d. Gas Z (i.e., hydrogen) is lighter than air because it is the lightest element in
the periodic table.
e. The reaction between metal X and dilute acid Y is exothermic because it
produces huge amount of heat.
f. If X is zinc and Y is sulphuric acid, then the equation can be written as
follows:
Zn(s) + H2 SO4 (aq) −−−→ ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
32. A solid substance P which is very hard is used in the construction of many
buildings, especially flooring. When substance P is heated strongly, it
decomposes to form another solid Q and a gas R is given out. Solid Q reacts
with water with the release of a lot of heat to form a substance S. When gas R is
passed into a clear solution of substance S, then a white precipitate of
substance T is formed. The substance T has the same chemical composition as
starting substance P.
a. What is substance P? Write its common name as well as chemical
formula.
b. What is substance Q?
c. What is gas R?
d. What is substance S? What is its clear solution known as?
e. What is substance T? Name any two natural forms in which substance T
occurs in nature.
Ans. :
a. Substance P is calcium carbonate. Its common name is limestone and its
chemical formula is CaCO 3.
b. Substance Q is calcium oxide (CaO).
c. Gas R is carbon dioxide gas (CO 2).
d. Substance S is calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Its clear solution is known as
lime water.
e. Substance T is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3). Two natural forms of calcium
carbonate are calcite and mollusc shell.
33. Gas A, which is the major cause of global warming, combines with hydrogen
oxide B in nature in the presence of an environmental factor C and a green
material D to form a six carbon organic compounds E and a gas F. The gas F is
necessary for breathing.
a. What is gas A?
b. What is the common name of B?
c. What do you think could be C?
d. What is material D? Where is it found?
e. Name the organic compound E.
f. What is gas F? Name the natural process during which it is released.
Ans. :
a. Carbon dioxide, CO 2
b. Water, H2O.
c. Sunlight.
d. Chlorophyll, Green leaves of plants.
e. Glucose, C6H12O 6
 f. Oxygen, Photosynthesis.
34. The metal M reacts vigorously with water to form a solution S and a gas G. The
solution S turns red litmus to blue whereas gas G, which is lighter than air,
burns with a pop sound. Metal M has a low melting point and it is used as a
coolant in nuclear reactors.
a. What is metal M?
b. What is solution S? Is it acidic or alkaline?
c. What is gas G?
d. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which takes place
when metal M reacts with water.
e. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Ans. :
a. Sodium, Na.
b. Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH solution), Alkaline.
c. Hydrogen, H.
d. 2Na + 2HO −−−→ 2NaOH + H

e. Exothermic.

* case - based/data -based questions [4]

35. When steam is passed through red hot iron, iron oxide and hydrogen gas is
formed.
The balanced equation for the reaction is shown below.
3F e + 4H2 O ⟶ F e3 O4 + 4H2

(Iron) (water) (iron oxide) (hydrogen)

1. Is heating iron to red hot a physical or a chemical change? Explain your

answer.
2. What is true for the balanced chemical equation shown above?
A. Four atoms of water combine with iron to form four atoms of hydrogen.
B. Three atoms of iron combine with water to form four atoms of hydrogen.
C. Four molecules of water combine with iron to form an atom of iron oxide.
D. Three atoms of iron combine with water to form one molecule of iron oxide.
Ans. : 1. Mentions that heating iron to red hot is a physical change as no new
substance is formed.
For example:
● It is a physical change as iron does not change its form.
2. D. Three atoms of iron combine with water to form one molecule of iron oxide.
----- set A -----