Conversion: bits and bytes
1 byte are 8 bits
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Bits (b)
Bytes (B)
Kilobytes (kB)
Megabytes (MB)
Gigabytes (GB)
Terabytes (TB)
We got a new standard. Kibibit sounds very funny and strange.
Will it become widely accepted? Here is it:
l
l
Name
Symbol Beforethestandardization Afterthestandardization
bit
b
1 bit
= 1 bit
1 bit
= 1 bit
byte
B
1 B
= 8 bit
1 B
= 8 bit
kilobit
kbit / kb
1 kbit
= 1024 bit
1 kBit
= 1000 bit
Kibibit
KiBit
1 KiBit
= 1024 bit
kilobyte kB
1 kB
= 1024 B = Byte 1 kB
= 1000 Byte
kibibyte KiB
1 KiB
= 1024 Byte
megabit MBit / Mb 1 MBit = 1024 KBit
1 MBit
= 1000 kBit
mebibit MiBit / Mib
1 Mib
= 1024 KiBit
megabyte MB
1 MB
= 1024 kB
1 MB
= 1000 kB
Mebibyte MiBit / MiB
1 MiB
= 1024 KiB
gigabit GBit / Gb 1 GBit = 1024 MBit
1 GBit
= 1000 MBit
gibibit
GiBit / Gib
1 Gib
= 1024 MiBit
gigabyte GB
1 GB
= 1024 MB
1 GB
= 1000 MB
gibibyte GiB
1 GiB
= 1024 MiB
terabyte TB
1 TB
= 1024 GB
1 TB
= 1000 GB
tebibyte TiB
1 TiB
= 1024 GiB
petabyte PB
1 PB
= 1024 TB
1 PB
= 1000 TB
pebibyte PiB
1 PiB
= 1024 TiB
exabyte EB
1 EB
= 1024 PB
1 EB
= 1000 PB
exbibyte EiB
1 EiB
= 1024 PiB
zettabyte ZB
1 ZB
= 1024 EB
1 ZB
= 1000 EB
zebibyte ZiB
1 ZiB
= 1024 EiB
yottabyte YB
1 YB
= 1024 ZB
1 YB
= 1000 ZB
yobibyte YiB
1 YiB
= 1024 ZiB
Old Definitions:
1 kb = (210) bits = 1,024 bits
1 MB = (210)2 Bytes = 1,048,576 Bytes
To make the SI prefixes universal and to avoid confusion in the future, International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC), the leading international organization for worldwide standardization in
electrotechnology, approved in December 1998 standard names and symbols of prefixes for
binary multiples to be used in the fields of data processing and transmission. The prefixes are:
Name
kilobinary
Prefix Symbol Factor
kibi
Ki
210
megabinary mebi
Mi (210)2
vijay Paigwar
gigabinary
gibi
Gi
(210)3
terabinary
tebi
Ti
(210)4
petabinary
pebi
Pi
(210)5
exabinary
exbi
Ei
(210)6
Based on the new definitions, the SI prefixes, k, M, and G, are back to their original meaning of
1,000, 1,000,000, and 1,000,000,000, respectively. The commonly known binary prefixes are
written as Ki, Mi, and Gi and pronounced as kibi, mebi, and gibi, respectively. New Definitions:
3
l 1 kilo-bit = 1 kb = 10 bits = 1,000 bits
10
l 1 kilobinarybit = 1 kibibit = 1 Kib =2
bits = 1,024 bits
6
l 1 megabyte = 1 MB = 10 Bytes = 1,000,000 Bytes
10 2
) Bytes = 1,048,576 Bytes
l 1 megabinarybyte = 1 mebibyte = 1 MiB = (2
The IEEE Standards Board decided that IEEE standards will be using the conventional,
internationally adopted, definitions of the base-ten SI prefixes, except that the base-two definition
may be used if such usage is explicitly pointed out on a case-by-case basis.
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Based on the new definitions, the SI prefixes, k, M, and G, are back to their original meaning of
1,000, 1,000,000, and 1,000,000,000, respectively. The commonly known binary prefixes are
written as Ki, Mi, and Gi and pronounced as kibi, mebi, and gibi, respectively. New Definitions:
3
l 1 kilo-bit = 1 kb = 10 bits = 1,000 bits
10
l 1 kilobinarybit = 1 kibibit = 1 Kib =2
bits = 1,024 bits
6
l 1 megabyte = 1 MB = 10 Bytes = 1,000,000 Bytes
10 2
) Bytes = 1,048,576 Bytes
l 1 megabinarybyte = 1 mebibyte = 1 MiB = (2
The IEEE Standards Board decided that IEEE standards will be using the conventional,
internationally adopted, definitions of the base-ten SI prefixes, except that the base-two definition
may be used if such usage is explicitly pointed out on a case-by-case basis.
Conversion: Transfer rates and bandwidths
Byte = the well-established information measure unity
1byte=8bitsand1kilobyte(K/Kb)=210 bytes = 1,024 bytes
1megabyte(M/MB)=220 = 1,048,576 bytes and1gigabyte(G/GB)=230 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
1terabyte(T/TB)=240bytes=1,099,511,627,776bytesand1petabyte(P/PB)=250 bytes = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
1exabyte(E/EB)=260 bytes = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes
bit = the well-established data transfer unity
1 kilobit = 1000 bits
1 megabit = 1000000 bits
Datas of the hard disk are counted in kilobytes, however the transfer data ratesare in kilobits.
Conclusion: A 56k modem (= 56000 bits) needs for transferring of
56k datas (= 458753 bits) not 1 second, but at least 8,2 seconds.
This is confusing and you must always bear it in mind, when calculating transfer rates.
Rule of thumb : KByteof the datas / seconds = transfer rate.
Connection
14.4modem
28.8modem
33.6modem
56kmodem
Single ISDN
DualISDN
DSL - light
DSL
DSL
DSL
T1
Cablemodem
Intranet / LAN
100 base-TLan
Theoretical
rateinKBit
14.4kbit/s
28.8kbit/s
33.6kbit/s
53kbit/s
64kbit/s
128kbit/s
384kbit/s
1024kbit/s
2048kbit/s
3072kbit/s
1,54Mbis/s
6Mbits/s
10Mbits/s
100Mbits/s
Optimal
rateinKByte
1.2KByte/s
2.4 KByte/s
3KByte/s
4.8 KByte/s
6KByte/s
12 KByte/s
35KByte/s
125KByte/s
250 KByte/s
500KByte/s
150KByte/s
300KByte/s
350KByte/s
500KByte/s
Probable
rateinKByte
1KByte/s
2KByte/s
2.5KByte/s
4KByte/s
5KByte/s
10KByte/s
30KByte/s
90 KByte/s
180 KByte/s
360KByte/s
50Kbyte/s
50KByte/s
35KByte/s
50KByte/s
The new IEC Standard
bit
bit 0 or 1
byte
B 8 bits
kibibit
Kibit 1024 bits
kilobit
kbit 1000 bits
kibibyte (binary)
KiB 1024 bytes
kilobyte (decimal) kB 1000 bytes
megabit
Mbit 1000 kilobits
mebibyte (binary) MiB 1024 kibibytes
megabyte (decimal) MB 1000 kilobytes
gigabit
Gbit 1000 megabits
gibibyte (binary)
GiB 1024 mebibytes
gigabyte (decimal) GB 1000 megabytes
terabit
Tbit 1000 gigabits
tebibyte (binary)
TiB 1024 gibibytes
terabyte (decimal) TB 1000 gigabytes
petabit
Pbit 1000 terabits
pebibyte (binary) PiB 1024 tebibytes
petabyte (decimal) PB 1000 terabytes
exabit
Ebit 1000 petabits
exbibyte (binary)
EiB 1024 pebibytes
exabyte (decimal) EB 1000 petabytes
bit
vijay Paigwar
1
bit
8
byte
Kilobyte 8 192
Megabyte 8 388 608
Gigabyte 8,589,934,592
Terabyte 8,796,093,022,208
File Storage Capacity by Bits and Bytes
byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
0.125
0.000122070312
1.19209289510-7
-10
Page
1.1641532187510
0.0009765625
9.5367431610-7
9.3132257510-10
1 024
0.0009765625
9.5367431610-7
1 048 576
1 024
0,0009765625
1,073,741,824
1,048,576
1,024
1,099,511,627,776
1,073,741,824
1,048,576
1,024
2/3
exabit
exbibyte (binary)
exabyte (decimal)
Ebit 1000 petabits
EiB 1024 pebibytes
EB 1000 petabytes
File Storage Capacity by Bits and Bytes
bit
byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
1
0.125
0.000122070312
1.19209289510-7
1.1641532187510-10
bit
8
1
0.0009765625
9.5367431610-7
9.3132257510-10
byte
1 024
1
0.0009765625
9.5367431610-7
Kilobyte 8 192
8
388
608
1
048
576
1
024
1
0,0009765625
Megabyte
1,073,741,824
1,048,576
1,024
1
Gigabyte 8,589,934,592
1,099,511,627,776
1,073,741,824
1,048,576
1,024
Terabyte 8,796,093,022,208
1,125,899,906,842,624
1,099,511,627,776
1,073,741,824
1,048,576
Petabyte 9,007,199,254,740,990
1,152,921,504,606,846,976
1,125,899,906,842,624
1,099,511,627,776
1,073,741,824
Exabyte 9,223,372,036,854,780,000
Zettabyte 9,444,732,965,739,290,000,000 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 1,125,899,906,842,624 1,099,511,627,776
CD: 2 44100 16 = 1,4112 MBit/s : 8 bit/byte = 176,4 kbyte/s
2 44100 20 = 1,764 MBit/s : 8 bit/byte = 220,5 kbyte/s
2 44100 24 = 2,1168 MBit/s : 8 bit/byte = 264,6 kbyte/s
2 48000 24 = 2,304 MBit/s : 8 bit/byte = 288,0 kbyte/s
These words are generally not accepted.
Units from Amendment 2 - International Standard IEC 60027-2
Prefix
Symbol Power Factor
Yotta
Y
1024 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Zetta
1021
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Exbi
Ei
250
1,152,921,504,606,846,976
Exa
Pebi
Pi
18
1,000,000,000,000,000,000
10
2
50
1,125,899,906,842,624
15
Peta
Tebi
Ti
240
1,000,000,000,000,000
1,099,511,627,776
Tera
1012
1,000,000,000,000
Gibi
Gi
230
1,073,741,824
Giga
109
1,000,000,000
Mebi
Mi
20
1,048.576
Mega
1,000,000
10
1,024
10
10
Kibi
Ki
Kilo
103
1,000
100
Reference unit
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