Modifiers
Modifier with Noun
Modifier with Verb
Modifier with Adjective
Pre | Post
Modifier with Noun
1. Pre-modify the noun
Shortcut: --- + adjective+noun
Example:Arsenic is a _( Pre-modify the noun)_ substance = harmful
2. Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun
Shortcut:--- + noun + noun
Example: Most of our _( Use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun)_ people drink tube well
water.
Answer: village
3. Use an appositive to post modify the noun
Shortcut:
Subject + Kgv + noun/noun phrase + Kgv + ---
Example:Motor vehicles also pollute the air, ___.
Answer: the most vital element of the environment
4. Post-modify the noun
Shortcut: Noun + adjective + --- | The girl----dressed in blue color-----is my cousin.
Example:Courses ___ by the Open University are shown on BTV.
Answer: run
5. Use a determiner to pre-modify the noun
Shortcut: --- + article/ demonstrative (this/that/these/those)/ some/ any/ many/ few etc. + noun
Example: ___ dishonest businessmen use poisonous chemicals in food and fruits to make illegal and
quick money.
Answer: Some/The
Modifier with Verb
1. Post-modify the verb
Shortcut: --- + verb + --- + adverb + ---
Example: He enriched the Bengali literature _( Post-modify the verb)_.
Answer: greatly/
2. Pre-modify the verb
Shortcut: --- + adverb + main verb + ---
Example:This problem is _( Pre-modify the verb)_ found in North Bengal.
Answer: widely/usually/nowadays/generally
3. Post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase (to+v1+ext.)
Shortcut: --- + verb + --- + to + v1 + extension
Example:We should take proper measures ___.
Answer: to purify the drinking water
4. Use a participle (v+ing) to post-modify the verb
Shortcut: --- + verb + --- + ing hy³ verb + extension
Example:We also contaminate water ___ into it.
English Moja Page | 1
Answer: throwing wastes
Modifier with Adjective
1. Use an intensifier(adv) to pre-modify the adjective
Shortcut: --- + adverb + adjective + ---
Example:It is ___ dangerous for human health.
Answer: very/so/extremly
2. Post-modify the adjective with an infinitive
Shortcut: --- + adjective + to + v1 + ---
Example: It is essential for us _( Post-modify the adjective with an infinitive)_ a healthy life.
Answer: to lead/to maintain
01. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Once there lived a (a) _____ (pre-modify the noun) fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b)
_____ (post modify the verb with a prepositional phrase), he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt very
unhappy and sad. But the fox was (c) _____ (pre-modify the adjective) cunning too. He hit upon a plan
and invited all the foxes (d) _____ (use an infinitive phrase). When all the foxes arrived, the fox, (e)
_____ use an appositive), said, "My dear friends, I have discovered a new thing. It is that (f) _____ (use
a possessive to pre-modify the noun (pre-modify noun) tails are quite useless. They look (g) _____ (pre-
modify the adjective) ugly and dirty too. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn't we?" Most of them
agreed with the cunning fox (h) _____ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old
and (i) _____ (pre-modify the noun) fox said to the cunning fox, "My friend, your plan is nice but evil.
Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have lost (j) _____ (pre-modify the noun with a
determiner) tail of your own."
[Dhaka Board-2024]
e½vbyev`: GKmgq GK R½‡j GK PvjvK wkqvj evm KiZ| GKw`b, hLb †m R½‡ji ga¨ w`‡q nuvUwQj, ZLb †m GKwU duv‡` c‡o Ges
Zvi †jR KvUv co‡jv| †m LyeB nZvk Ges `ytwLZ †eva Kij| wKš‘ wkqvjwU Lye PvjvKI wQj| †m GKwU eyw× †ei Kij Ges me
wkqvj‡K GKwU mfvq Avgš¿Y Rvbvj| hLb me wkqvj Dcw¯’Z nj, ZLb †mB PZyi wkqvj ejj, "Avgvi wcÖq eÜyiv, Avwg GKwU bZyb
wRwbm Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ| Zv n‡jv, Avgv‡`i †jR¸‡jv G‡Kev‡iB wbi_©K| G¸‡jv †`L‡Z LyeB KyrwmZ Ges †bvsiv| ZvB, Avgv‡`i mevi
†jR †K‡U †djv DwPZ, ZvB bv?" PZyi wkqv‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡`i †ewkifvMB †jR KvUvi Rb¨ GKgZ nj| wKš‘ GKwU e„× Ges Ávbx wkqvj
PvjvK wkqvj ejj, "Avgvi eÜy, †Zvgvi cwiKíbvwU fv‡jv wKš‘ Amr| Avm‡j, Zywg Avgv‡`i †jR KvU‡Z PvI KviY Zywg †Zvgvi
wb‡Ri †jR nvwi‡qQ|"
Serial Answer Answer explanation
(a) clever KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (fox)
(b) through the forest KviY, --- + verb (was walking) + prepositional phrase
(c) very KviY, --- + intensifier/adverb+ adjective (cunning)
(d) to a meeting KviY, --- + verb (invited) + infinitive
(e) a sly trickster KviY, noun (the fox) + appositive
(f) our KviY, --- + possessive+ noun (tails)
(g) very KviY, --- + intensifier/adverb+ adjective (ugly)
(h) to cut off KviY, --- + verb (agreed) + infinitive
(i) wise KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (fox)
(j) the KviY, --- + article+ noun (tail)
02. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Cricket is an (a)___ (pre-modify the noun) game. It is not a game of (b)___ (use possessive to pre-
modify the noun) country. A (c)___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) match is played
English Moja Page | 2
between two teams. (d)___ (use a distributive pronoun to per-modify the noun) team consists of eleven
players. A cricket field must be (e)___ (post modify the noun). It requires two wooden bats, a ball & two
sets of stamps. (f)___ (use a numeral adjective to pre-modify the noun) umpires conduct the game.
Sometimes, a third umpire is required (g)___ (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) an acute
confusion. (h)___ (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) the opportunity, the batter hits the ball away
at a good distance and runs to the opposite wicket. If (i)___ (use an indefinite pronoun to pre-modify the
noun) batter in out, next batter comes in his place. Both teams try (j)___ (use an adverbial phrase to post
modify) to out all batters of the opposite.
[Dhaka Board-2023]
e½vbyev`: wµ‡KU GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK †Ljv| GUv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Ljv bq| wµ‡KU g¨vP †Ljv nq `yB `‡ji g‡a¨| cÖwZwU `j GMv‡iv
Rb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q MwVZ| wµ‡KU gvV fv‡jvfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨ `ywU Kv‡Vi e¨vU, GKwU ej Ges `yB †mU ÷¨v‡¤úi
cÖ‡qvRb| `yÕRb Av¤úvqvi †Ljv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| KLbI KLbI, Zxeª weåvwšÍ mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Z„Zxq Av¤úvqv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| my‡hvM
†c‡q, e¨vUvi A‡bK `~i‡Z¡ ej AvNvZ K‡i Ges wecixZ DB‡K‡U P‡j hvq| GKRb e¨vUvi AvDU n‡j Zvi RvqMvq c‡ii e¨vUvi
Av‡m| `yB `jB we‡ivax `‡ji me e¨vUvi‡K AvDU Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó †Póv K‡i|
Serial Answer Answer explanation
(a) international /elite KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (game)
(b) our KviY, --- + possessive+ noun (country)
(c) cricket KviY, --- + noun+ noun (match)
(d) Each KviY, --- + distributive pronoun+ noun (team)
(e) well-maintained KviY, --- + noun phrase (A cricket field) + adjective
(f) Two KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (umpires)
(g) to resolve KviY, --- + verb (is required) + infinitive phrase
(h) Having KviY, --- + participle+ noun (the opportunity)
(i) a KviY, --- + indefinite pronoun+ noun (batter)
(j) hard enough KviY, --- + verb (try) + adverbial phrase
[N.B: COVID-19 Gi Kvi‡Y 2020, 2021 mv‡ji HSC/Alim Exam wU Auto cvk wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nIqvq, GLv‡b D³
mvj¸‡jv ms‡hvwRZ nqwb]
03. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Once there lived a (a) _____ (pre-modify the noun) fox in a jungle. One day, while he was walking (b)
_____ (post modify the verb with a prepositional phrase), he fell into a trap and lost his tail. He felt very
unhappy and sad. But the fox was (c) _____ (pre-modify the adjective) cunning too. He hit upon a plan
and invited all the foxes (d) _____ (use an infinitive phrase). When all the foxes arrived, the fox, (e)
_____ use an appositive), said, "My dear friends, I have discovered a new thing. It is that (f) _____ (use
a possessive to pre-modify the noun (pre-modify noun) tails are quite useless. They look (g) _____ (pre-
modify the adjective) ugly and dirty too. So, we all should cut off our tails, shouldn't we?" Most of them
agreed with the cunning fox (h) _____ (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their tails. But an old
and (i) _____ (pre-modify the noun) fox said to the cunning fox, "My friend, your plan is nice but evil.
Actually, you want to cut off our tails because you have lost (j) _____ (pre-modify the noun with a
determiner) tail of your own."
[Dhaka Board-2024]
e½vbyev`: GKmgq GK R½‡j GK PvjvK wkqvj evm KiZ| GKw`b, hLb †m R½‡ji ga¨ w`‡q nuvUwQj, ZLb †m GKwU duv‡` c‡o Ges
Zvi †jR KvUv co‡jv| †m LyeB nZvk Ges `ytwLZ †eva Kij| wKš‘ wkqvjwU Lye PvjvKI wQj| †m GKwU eyw× †ei Kij Ges me
wkqvj‡K GKwU mfvq Avgš¿Y Rvbvj| hLb me wkqvj Dcw¯’Z nj, ZLb †mB PZyi wkqvj ejj, "Avgvi wcÖq eÜyiv, Avwg GKwU bZyb
wRwbm Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ| Zv n‡jv, Avgv‡`i †jR¸‡jv G‡Kev‡iB wbi_©K| G¸‡jv †`L‡Z LyeB KyrwmZ Ges †bvsiv| ZvB, Avgv‡`i mevi
†jR †K‡U †djv DwPZ, ZvB bv?" PZyi wkqv‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡`i †ewkifvMB †jR KvUvi Rb¨ GKgZ nj| wKš‘ GKwU e„× Ges Ávbx wkqvj
PvjvK wkqvj ejj, "Avgvi eÜy, †Zvgvi cwiKíbvwU fv‡jv wKš‘ Amr| Avm‡j, Zywg Avgv‡`i †jR KvU‡Z PvI KviY Zywg †Zvgvi
wb‡Ri †jR nvwi‡qQ|"
English Moja Page | 3
Serial Answer Answer explanation
(a) clever KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (fox)
(b) through the forest KviY, --- + verb (was walking) + prepositional phrase
(c) very KviY, --- + intensifier/adverb+ adjective (cunning)
(d) to a meeting KviY, --- + verb (invited) + infinitive
(e) a sly trickster KviY, noun (the fox) + appositive
(f) our KviY, --- + possessive+ noun (tails)
(g) very KviY, --- + intensifier/adverb+ adjective (ugly)
(h) to cut off KviY, --- + verb (agreed) + infinitive
(i) wise KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (fox)
(j) the KviY, --- + article+ noun (tail)
04. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Cricket is an (a)___ (pre-modify the noun) game. It is not a game of (b)___ (use possessive to pre-
modify the noun) country. A (c)___ (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) match is played
between two teams. (d)___ (use a distributive pronoun to per-modify the noun) team consists of eleven
players. A cricket field must be (e)___ (post modify the noun). It requires two wooden bats, a ball & two
sets of stamps. (f)___ (use a numeral adjective to pre-modify the noun) umpires conduct the game.
Sometimes, a third umpire is required (g)___ (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) an acute
confusion. (h)___ (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) the opportunity, the batter hits the ball away
at a good distance and runs to the opposite wicket. If (i)___ (use an indefinite pronoun to pre-modify the
noun) batter in out, next batter comes in his place. Both teams try (j)___ (use an adverbial phrase to post
modify) to out all batters of the opposite.
[Dhaka Board-2023]
e½vbyev`: wµ‡KU GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK †Ljv| GUv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Ljv bq| wµ‡KU g¨vP †Ljv nq `yB `‡ji g‡a¨| cÖwZwU `j GMv‡iv
Rb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q MwVZ| wµ‡KU gvV fv‡jvfv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨ `ywU Kv‡Vi e¨vU, GKwU ej Ges `yB †mU ÷¨v‡¤úi
cÖ‡qvRb| `yÕRb Av¤úvqvi †Ljv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| KLbI KLbI, Zxeª weåvwšÍ mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Z„Zxq Av¤úvqv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq| my‡hvM
†c‡q, e¨vUvi A‡bK `~i‡Z¡ ej AvNvZ K‡i Ges wecixZ DB‡K‡U P‡j hvq| GKRb e¨vUvi AvDU n‡j Zvi RvqMvq c‡ii e¨vUvi
Av‡m| `yB `jB we‡ivax `‡ji me e¨vUvi‡K AvDU Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó †Póv K‡i|
Serial Answer Answer explanation
(a) international /elite KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (game)
(b) our KviY, --- + possessive+ noun (country)
(c) cricket KviY, --- + noun+ noun (match)
(d) Each KviY, --- + distributive pronoun+ noun (team)
(e) well-maintained KviY, --- + noun phrase (A cricket field) + adjective
(f) Two KviY, --- + adjective+ noun (umpires)
(g) to resolve KviY, --- + verb (is required) + infinitive phrase
(h) Having KviY, --- + participle+ noun (the opportunity)
(i) a KviY, --- + indefinite pronoun+ noun (batter)
(j) hard enough KviY, --- + verb (try) + adverbial phrase
[N.B: COVID-19 Gi Kvi‡Y 2020, 2021 mv‡ji HSC/Alim Exam wU Auto cvk wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nIqvq, GLv‡b D³
mvj¸‡jv ms‡hvwRZ nqwb]
English Moja Page | 4
