OSN
Tutorial-1
Kernel, Syscalls and
Processes
11:50 AM
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Topics Covered
Kernel Syscalls
Agenda
File
Processes
Management
Kernel
The kernel is a computer program at the
core of a computer's operating system and
generally has complete control over
everything in the system. The kernel is also
responsible for preventing and mitigating
conflicts between different processes. It is
the portion of the operating system code
that is always resident in memory and
facilitates interactions between hardware
and software components.
But Why cant I
rm -rf /
without sudo
But.....
But what if I wanted to open a file,
Syscalls
Think of Syscall as keys !
exec
fork
And the action of unlocking as Interupts
Threads
Processes
Memory
External Devices Syscalls Network Sockets
File System
Files
Directory
open read
Name Basic Synatx Description
List of fork pid_t fork(void);
Creates a new process by duplicating the
calling process.
Syscalls open
int open(const char *pathname, int flags,
mode_t mode);
Opens a file.
exec() has family of system calls.(one of
them) Replaces the current process image with
exec
int execve(const char *filename, char a new process image.
*const argv[], char *const envp[]);
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t
write Writes data to a file descriptor
count);
off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int Repositions the offset of the file
lseek
whence); descriptor.
Name Basic Synatx Description
List of dup int dup(int oldfd); Duplicates a file descriptor.
Syscalls dup2 int dup2(int oldfd, int newfd);
Duplicates a file descriptor to a specified
descriptor number
pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int
waitpid Waits for a child process to change state.
options);
munmap int munmap(void *addr, size_t length); Unmaps files or devices from memory.
void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int
mmap Maps files or devices into memory.
prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
WHAT IS A PROCESS?
A process can be defined as an instance of a running program
.…
What is a program?
It is a set of instructions that are used to complete a specific task.
Back to Agenda Page
PROCESS ID & GETPID()
Process ID (PID) is a unique id that is assigned to every process in the system.
It can be any number lesser than 32768 (2¹⁵) and can be increased to 4194304
(2²²) on 64-bit systems.
getpid() function can be called which returns the process ID of the calling process.
Process management refers to the activities involved in managing the execution of
multiple processes in an operating system
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FORK( ) AND SPAWNING PROCESSES
fork() system call can be made to spawn a new
This new process is called the child of
process.
the process which made the system call
The original process making the system call is called the
parent process.
The child process is an exact clone of the parent process
and both of them execute the next instruction after fork()
Le
ga
c y
MAN PAGES
man [option] [section number] [command name]
man -f [command name]
Name: The name of the command.
Synopsis: The command’s syntax.
Configuration: Configuration details for a device.
Description: A description of the command.
Examples: Several examples demonstrating the use of the command. man [section number] [command name]
Defaults: The default functions of the command and how they can be overridden.
Options: A list of options and flags that the command accepts.
Exit Status: A list of possible exit status values for the command.
Environment: A list and description of environment variables that affect the command.
Files: A list of files used by the command.
See also: Commands related to the described topic.
Authors: The people who wrote or maintain the command.
History: Command development history.
Notes: Various notes, including permissions required, dependencies, etc.
Bugs: Any known issues in this program version.
Back to Agenda Page
Is this useful for mp -0 ?????
