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Universe

The universe encompasses all matter, energy, space, and time, originating from the Big Bang approximately 13.8 billion years ago. It consists of various structures such as planets, stars, galaxies, and is governed by physical laws, with key concepts including dark matter and dark energy. The fate of the universe is uncertain, with theories suggesting possibilities like the Big Freeze, Big Crunch, or Big Rip.

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Divya Shah
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59 views2 pages

Universe

The universe encompasses all matter, energy, space, and time, originating from the Big Bang approximately 13.8 billion years ago. It consists of various structures such as planets, stars, galaxies, and is governed by physical laws, with key concepts including dark matter and dark energy. The fate of the universe is uncertain, with theories suggesting possibilities like the Big Freeze, Big Crunch, or Big Rip.

Uploaded by

Divya Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Universe

The universe is essentially everything — all matter, energy, space, and time that exists. Here’s a clear
and structured overview:

1. Basic Definition

The universe includes:

 Space-time: The "fabric" where all events happen.

 Matter: Stars, planets, galaxies, and even you.

 Energy: Light, heat, radiation, and dark energy.

 Physical laws: Gravity, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, etc.

2. Origin – The Big Bang

 Time Zero (~13.8 billion years ago): The universe began as an extremely hot, dense point.

 Big Bang Expansion: Space itself started expanding — not like an explosion in space, but
expansion of space.

 Early universe: Formed subatomic particles, then atoms, then stars and galaxies.

3. Structure of the Universe

 Planets & Moons: Orbit stars, possibly hosting life.

 Stars: Nuclear reactors converting hydrogen into helium.

 Galaxies: Huge systems of billions of stars, gas, and dust (Milky Way is ours).

 Galaxy Clusters & Superclusters: Larger structures containing many galaxies.

 Cosmic Web: Filament-like structure of galaxies and dark matter.

4. Key Concepts

 Observable Universe: The part we can see, about 93 billion light-years across.

 Dark Matter: Invisible matter that doesn’t emit light, but has gravity (~27% of universe).

 Dark Energy: Mysterious force causing accelerated expansion (~68% of universe).

 Ordinary Matter: Everything we can touch/see (~5% of universe).

5. Fate of the Universe

Scientists have a few theories:


 Big Freeze: Expansion continues until stars die out.

 Big Crunch: Expansion reverses, everything collapses.

 Big Rip: Expansion accelerates until all matter is torn apart.

6. Fascinating Facts

 Light from the Sun takes 8 minutes 20 seconds to reach Earth.

 Neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoon of their matter weighs billions of tons.

 The Milky Way contains 100–400 billion stars.

 The most distant galaxies we see today show us what they looked like over 13 billion years
ago.

If you want, I can also give you a timeline of the universe from the Big Bang to today, so it’s easier to
picture. That would make this even clearer.

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