Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 29-May-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 80 Marks
OPTOMETRICS OPTICS – (RS-3)
Q.P. CODE: 3111
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any Three) 3 x 10 = 30 Marks
1. Explain in detail about difference types of spectacle lens tints and coatings.
2. Classification of spectacle frame construction and measurement.
3. Name the common design problem of progressive addition lens. What are patient’s basic
visual characteristics and requirements that need to be assessed once the patient is
motivated for progressive addition lens?
4. Explain the properties of crossed cylinders with help of example.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any Six) 6 x 5 = 30 Marks
5. What is Fresnel prism? What are the uses of Fresnel prisms?
6. Write briefly Lenticular lenses.
7. Rotary prisms and effective prism power in near vision.
8. A – 10.00 DS lens is made up in Lenticular form using a 10mm aperture. The lens is
mounted at dioptrical distance of +50.00D from the eyes center of rotation. Calculate the
angular field of view.
9. Differentiate between Lenticular and aspheric lenses.
10. Name the four common difficulties while taking binocular distance PD and mention the
solution for any one of them.
11. What is thickness difference of a prism? Calculate the thickness difference of 6 Prism
made in spectacle crown glass (1.523) of R.I, 50 mm in diameter.
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
12. Define prism diopter with diagram.
13. Meniscus lens.
14. Contrast filters and gradient lenses.
15. Crutch spectacles.
16. What are the advantages of polycarbonate lenses?
17. Define glare and list the type.
18. Knapp’s law.
19. What is pantoscopic tilts. What is the usual pantoscopic tilt?
20. Prentice rule.
21. Base curve.
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination - 04-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 80
Visual Optics (RS-3)
Q.P. Code: 3112
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any Three) 3 x 10 = 30 Marks
1. What are the optical principles of subjective refraction? Write in detail about the procedure
involved in the monocular subjective refraction
2. Define myopia. Explain the causes, clinical types along with feature in detail
3. Define astigmatism. Write in detail about the aetiology and optical condition of astigmatism
4. a) Define Hypermetropia. Write in detail about the signs and symptoms of Hypermetropia
b) A 14-year-old boy presenting with blurring of vision for both distance and vision along with
asthenopic symptoms for a few months and was found to accept +2.00DS without fogging,
+4.00DS with fogging and on cycloplegic refraction having +6.50DS. Classify hypermetropia
into total, absolute, facultative and latent hypermetropia
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any Six) 6 x 5 = 30 Marks
5. What are the impacts of anisometropia on binocular vision?
6. Write in detail about the construction of log MAR visual acuity chart
7. What are the various methods of estimating the near addition amongst the presbyopic patients?
8. Write short note on various methods of dynamic retinoscopy
9. Short note on clinical features and management strategies for presbyopia
10. Explain axial and refractive ametropia with examples
11. Define range and amplitude of accommodation. What are the accommodative anomalies seen in
clinical practice?
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
12. What is the Duochrome test? Write down the principle based on which it works
13. What is the Jack in the box phenomenon? How can we overcome the same?
14. Explain Donder’s Reduced eye concept
15. Define the following terms – a) Conjugacy b) Catoptric power
16. How does ocular refraction vary from spectacle refraction?
17. List down the various methods of binocular balancing and its purpose
18. What is a clock dial chart? How is this chart used in the clinical practice?
19. Write a note on various contributing factors in the process of development of refractive error
20. What are the various types of charts available to measure contrast sensitivity?
21. Define depth of focus and depth of field
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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 06-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 80 Marks
CEVS AND OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS
(REVISED SCHEME-3)
Q.P. CODE: 3113
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any Three) 3 x 10 = 30 Marks
1. What is visual field and mention the different components. Describe different methods of
field charting?
2. Define keratometry. Explain instrumentation theory and clinical uses of the same.
3. Write about pediatric visual acuity testing.
4. Explain instrumentation theory of binocular indirect Ophthalmoscope. Define indirect
Ophthalmoscopy.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any Six) 6 x 5 = 30 Marks
5. Write a short note on various principles used in corneal topography.
6. Write a short note on gonioscopy.
7. Explain stages of FFA.
8. Explain the theory of and designs of Pseudoisochromatic test plates to check color vision.
9. Name the illumination techniques used in slit lamp procedure. Explain any two of them in
detail.
10. Write about intraocular pressure checking with the help of schiotz tonometers.
11. Explain about Badal and Non-Badal principle.
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
12. Explain reduced Snellen system.
13. What is Riddoch Phenomenon of visual field?
14. What is static retinoscopy?
15. Explain the meaning of 24-2 and 30-2 in Humphrey visual field testing.
16. Draw a normal A-scan graph and label it.
17. Name the places of putting electrodes in ERG procedure.
18. Clinical indications of ERG.
19. Name the accessories available with a normal trial case.
20. Why do we use green filter in slit lamp.
21. Advantages of NCT.
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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination - 10-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 80 Marks
MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY
SECTION A: MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (40 MARKS)
(REVISED SCHEME – 3)
Q.P. Code : 3114
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
(Note: Both QP Codes 3114 and 3115 are to be answered within total duration of 3 hours)
LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any Two) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. What are the causes of bleeding disorders? Outline the investigations done for haemostatic
function.
2. List the fungal agents encountered in fungal keratitis. Discuss the steps in laboratory diagnosis of
keratitis caused by any one of them.
3. Define and classify sterilization. Add a note on moist heat method of sterilization.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any Two) 2 x 5 = 10 Marks
4. Types of exudation
5. Give an account on risk factors, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of viral keratitis.
6. What is culture media? Explain types of culture media based on functional use or application.
SHORT ANSWERS 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
7. Phagocytosis
8. Giant cells
9. HSV virus
10. L J Medium
11. Scar tissue
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 10-Jun-2024
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Marks
MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY
SECTION B: PHARMACOLOGY (RS – 3) (40 MARKS)
Q.P. CODE: 3115
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
(Note: Both QP Codes 3114 and 3115 are to be answered within total duration of 3 hours)
LONG ESSAYS (Answer Any Two) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Classify anti hypertensive drugs. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of ACE
inhibitors
2. Define general anaesthesia. Classify general anaesthetics and explain the objectives of pre-
anaesthetic medication with one drug each to achieve them
3. Enumerate glaucoma. explain the drug used to treat glaucoma
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer Any Two) 2 x 5 = 10 Marks
4. Lignocaine
5. Antidiabetic drugs
6. Adrenaline-therapeutic uses and adverse effects
SHORT ANSWERS 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
7. Transdermal route
8. Drugs used in ocular diagnosis
9. Drug tolerance
10. Diazepam
11. Eye drops
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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 29-May-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 100 Marks
OPTOMETRIC OPTICS AND DISPENSING (RS-4)
Q.P. CODE: 3346
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
LONG ESSAYS (Second Question Choice) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Explain the specifications required while ordering a single vision, bifocals and progressive lens
2. Explain various types of frames and its parts, materials and measurements
Or
Give the sum of these two lenses plano – 3.25 DC x 180 and Plano – 3.25 DC x 45
SHORT ESSAYS (Question No 5 & 10 choice) 10 x 5 = 50 Marks
3. Prentice rule and Fresnel prisms
4. Datum system of measurement
5. Write on Spherometer and Sag formula
Or
Lenticular lenses
6. Draw a neat diagram of PAL and label its parts
7. Write on cross-cylinders and give examples
8. PAL measurement
9. Write on vertex distance and its calculation method
10. Pupillometer
Or
A prison made from 1.66 index material is shown to deviate light 6 degree, what is its apical
angle?
11. Explain Lens material defects
12. Write a note on selecting frame for children
SHORT ANSWER 10 x 3 = 30 Marks
13. Ptosis spectacle
14. High plus lens design
15. How can you repair a broken spectacle bridge?
16. Types of bifocals
17. Geneva lens measure
18. ARC coating
19. Measurement of monocular PD
20. Frame selection for high minus lenses
21. Benefits of scratch resistant glass lenses
22. Difference between glass and plastic photochromatic lens
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Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 04-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 100 Marks
VISUAL OPTICS (RS-4)
Q.P. CODE: 3347
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
LONG ESSAYS (Second Question Choice) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Explain on Retinoscopy – optics, principle, types and techniques. Brief on dynamic
retinoscopy
2. Write briefly on contrast sensitivity include its measurement methods and describe any one
method
OR
Write on the steps of subjective retraction
SHORT ESSAYS (Question No 5 & 10 choice) 10 x 5 = 50 Marks
3. Clinical features of Hypermetropia
4. Short note on phoropter
5. Short note on temporal and spatial resolution
OR
Short note on factors affecting contrast sensitivity
6. Write on presbyopia and its management
7. Spectacle magnification
8. Cycloplegic refraction
9. Measurement of convergence
10. Recognition acuity with example
OR
Resolution acuity with example
11. Astigmatism and its type
12. What is psudomyopia and brief on treatment modalities of myopia?
SHORT ANSWER 10 x 3 = 30 Marks
13. Bell retinoscopy and Nott retinoscopy
14. Charts used for near vision assessment
15. Principle of LogMAR chart
16. Refractive index of cornea and crystalline lens
17. Depth of focus
18. What is tonus allowance?
19. Pathological myopia
20. Jackson cross cylinder
21. Transpose + 2.75/+0.75*25
22. SRK formulae
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 06-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 100 Marks
CEVS AND OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS (RS-4)
Q.P. CODE: 3348
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
LONG ESSAYS (Second Question Choice) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. What is visual field and mention the different components. Describe different methods of
filed charting.
2. What are the various illumination techniques present in slit lamp? Explain the optics and
structures seen with each type of illumination techniques.
OR
Explain the optics of retinoscope. Differentiate plane mirror vs concave mirror effects.
SHORT ESSAYS (Question No 5 & 10 choice) 10 x 5 = 50 Marks
3. How will you take history in a patient presented with defective vision?
4. Write a note on EOG
5. Describe the different types of ultrasonography.
OR
Outline the methods of examination of pupil.
6. Write short note on Orbscan quadmaps.
7. Short note on trial set.
8. Write about common color vision defects.
9. Write a note on Tanget screen visual field testing.
10. Compare direct and indirect Ophthalmoscopy.
OR
Write a note on posterior OCT report interpretation and its clinical procedure.
11. Non contact lenses for fundus examination.
12. Briefly explain optical principle of Lensometer.
SHORT ANSWER 10 x 3 = 30 Marks
13. Define Isopter.
14. Clinical indications of Aberrometry.
15. Draw a diagram of focusing keratometer target : a) Out of focus b) In focus
16. Define Lensometry.
17. What is false negative response in visual field testing?
18. What is Riddoch Phenomenon of visual field?
19. Name the pediatric visual acuity charts.
20. Write power ranges of trial case lenses.
21. What is the use of Amsler grid?
22. Define VEP.
*****
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination – 10-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 100 Marks
MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY (RS-4)
Section A – MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (50 marks)
Q.P. CODE: 3349
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
(Both QP codes 3349 and 3350 are to be answered within total duration of 3 hours)
LONG ESSAYS (First Question Choice) 1 x 10 = 10 Marks
1. What is sterilization? Classify it. Write a note on the autoclave.
OR
Give an account of the causative agent, pathogenesis, risk factors and treatments of bacterial
Endopthalmitis.
SHORT ESSAYS (Question No 5 choice) 5 x 5 = 25 Marks
2. Explain Acanthamoeba keratitis.
3. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial keratitis.
4. Write a note on culture media.
5. Give an account of cells of inflammation.
OR
Explain the details of viral conjunctivitis.
6. Discuss the pathophysiology of thrombosis.
SHORT ANSWER 5 x 3 = 15 Marks
7. Name the three disinfectants used in the microbiology laboratory.
8. Loa Loa
9. What are the uses of blood agar?
10. Name two inflammatory diseases of the retina.
11. What are Lepra cells?
*****
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
II Year B.Sc. Optometry Degree Examination - 10-Jun-2024
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 100 Marks
MICROBIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (RS – 4)
Section B: PHARMACOLOGY (50 Marks)
Q.P. CODE: 3350
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary
(Note: Both QP Codes 3349 and 3350 are to be answered within total duration of 3 hours)
LONG ESSAYS (Question No. 1 choice) 1 x 10 = 10 Marks
1. Classify corticosteroids. Describe pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids
OR
Describe multidrug regimen used in treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis
SHORT ESSAYS (Question No. 5 choice) 5 x 5 = 25 Marks
2. Describe role of immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory drugs in ophthalmic practice
3. Write short note on pharmacotherapy of ocular infection
4. Write a note on drug delivery system
5. Therapeutical use of ethyl alcohol
OR
Discuss anti-diabetic drugs
6. What are the actions of atropine on eye?
SHORT ANSWERS 5 x 3 = 15 Marks
7. Bioavailability
8. Drug dependence
9. Ocusert
10. Wetting agents
11. In which condition rose Bengal staining is preferred over fluorescein staining and why?
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