Memory management is essential for efficient use of a computer's resources, involving processes like static and dynamic loading, contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation, and paging. It ensures that active data is stored in main memory (RAM) while managing fragmentation and virtual memory techniques to optimize performance. Key concepts include logical and physical addresses, as well as the handling of page faults during memory access.
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Memory Management Operating System
Memory management is essential for efficient use of a computer's resources, involving processes like static and dynamic loading, contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation, and paging. It ensures that active data is stored in main memory (RAM) while managing fragmentation and virtual memory techniques to optimize performance. Key concepts include logical and physical addresses, as well as the handling of page faults during memory access.
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ensures etfictent Use , of computer's mano TESOULLS
se contd howl memory... ts, atlaaked ancl deattocaledt
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y
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ond data that ae actively being precessed. ’
Bs last elhen
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Cnstont-
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Static loacking + ou
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Dnamte beading :
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thy ox nodded. This savey memory by not loacking
ongsed voustnes,
Slapping
> Satapping mores processes bls, mein and Secondary, yf memony.
PDE abtows cnuntiple proce wes cp yun by temporasily |
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*Tronsiy dime dapends on the amount otdata cwiapped. |
Memon Managrie ait Lechotguns ten J maya
Conatquous Memon ‘ dllocation : > eel
7 Contiguous memory allocation Ts a mimow . management
ctechniqua -tulhur each process fs givenia Stagile,i ., |
Con Hnous bblect Of mumory.
This means at the data of the Process & Stored in
od fo. cend mamony locations .
' oa
Non Contiguous Memory | Moras on
This Method allows psocex to ba ben ‘nko Sraliapost,
uthich a plaad io different, Non adjacent memory (ocations,
Paging’: The proces ts dtutdid Toto fked-ste. bleh
\ : ' 1
Coded" Poges’ and Memory: is diurded itito “blocks of the
Saree “See called “\Prames’, The! as keops! a page abe to
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2 The, Process TE dtd’! Pato barns of: sh
sizes, such os code. dake, Stack |. 3
ey the oS mosntains Seginink -toble, -b0 1 map atest ip
-to Paysiea, rrsenry at
7 4
ee Ce wy
Fragmentation 7 ~ ae
Frag methadfon is ‘desired then a pocer i loacteck
and vemoued afte erecuston, ey memany 1 “exeddes
Soma holes, These holes ar not combiradon do nol |
AGU the memory reaped 4 tay RD von V9
Trdanal: Frog mantatt on” ”
> Alappens” Uther Fixed —siad mmarhory blocks ane. allocasd|
sto processes larga stan’! need, - Waving eanuted space.
within the a locued, block 11> herby
pic vide yet
Extanak Prog mentect on 7
7 Happens when prope, biobea ae * guideted thay
ie on tenho ghee then
weqpuieed «
Example: TE 0 proce required 2 blocks, of muon oN
ame each bud amtgnd 3 blocks | oa wank!
[block of mmunnony: Rs Wostd , 7
Viitual Mmemony 7
Virtual memory is a manor, management technique
Used by oS thak gives the Appeatance of losge., Continuous
Bloces, of memo 4o applicaktons, even th the Physical
Memon Canm) is limited. He allows large application te
many of systens ewith leg RAM,Remand Paging: set
2 ThE yprotess Sots loading" tHe! page fre. mon on
sees dstnan sit Pagefault! ‘ocetai) Fe Tein ay
»Gamand paging sn ish ona ‘
Pagcand Frame: 9 Page te feed Sine ‘block. “i oF data'y
Vivtual enero and Evame ws a Freed sta” block oF
Physteah memory in Rem whe pothese Pages! aie ld
“Devashing 3 ead me foun
Only few pages aeof each » press dae: kept in "mata tenon
allouting MOre pwlesses to uN Strultaneously Te :
Dulin the OS leads Wa) now Page, PE must Yemoue. ancy
LTH removes a Page cthak , uit; be Rudi S000, hg i
Srstm Wastes time Swapping... pages fin! andi owt: “OO problen
Bled theastag, a
Poge-foulay The process ryties. cto ACen @ page thak,ts .
not cosaty looded tn Physical Memony (Anny)
Rage. de place ns algo
Ftto , LRu, MR.