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Cooling of Synchronous Generators Notes

Synchronous generators generate heat from electrical and mechanical losses, making efficient cooling crucial for maintaining temperature and ensuring longevity. Various cooling methods include air, hydrogen, and water cooling, each with its advantages and disadvantages based on generator size and application. Hydrogen and water cooling are favored for high-output generators due to their efficiency and cooling capacity.

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63 views2 pages

Cooling of Synchronous Generators Notes

Synchronous generators generate heat from electrical and mechanical losses, making efficient cooling crucial for maintaining temperature and ensuring longevity. Various cooling methods include air, hydrogen, and water cooling, each with its advantages and disadvantages based on generator size and application. Hydrogen and water cooling are favored for high-output generators due to their efficiency and cooling capacity.

Uploaded by

vykuntapuvamsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class Notes: Cooling of Synchronous Generators

1. Introduction

Synchronous generators generate heat due to electrical and mechanical losses. Efficient cooling is essential

to:

- Maintain temperature within design limits.

- Protect insulation.

- Ensure long life and reliable performance.

2. Sources of Heat in Generators

- Copper Losses: I²R losses in stator and rotor windings.

- Iron Losses: Hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core.

- Mechanical Losses: Friction and windage losses.

- Stray Losses: Minor losses due to leakage flux.

3. Cooling Methods

A. Air Cooling

- Open Air Cooling: Ambient air is blown through the generator. Simple but not suitable for large units.

- Closed Air Cooling: Air circulates inside a sealed enclosure. Heat removed via external air-to-water heat

exchanger.

B. Hydrogen Cooling

- Used for large turbo-generators.

- Hydrogen is circulated to absorb heat.

- Advantages:

* High thermal conductivity.

* Low density reduces windage losses.

* Better efficiency.
- Needs tight sealing to avoid hydrogen leakage.

C. Water Cooling

- Used in very large machines (e.g., above 300 MW).

- Deionized water is passed through hollow conductors in stator windings.

- Offers direct cooling with high efficiency.

4. Ventilation Techniques

- Axial Ventilation: Cooling air/hydrogen flows along the generator axis.

- Radial Ventilation: Flow is directed radially through ducts in the core.

- Combination: Some generators use both for better effectiveness.

5. Comparison Table

Cooling Medium | Used In | Pros | Cons

---------------|------------------|-----------------------------|---------------------------

Air | Small/medium | Simple, low cost | Low efficiency

Hydrogen | Large units | Efficient, reduces losses | Safety concerns

Water | Very large units | High cooling capacity | Complex system, maintenance

6. Summary

- Cooling is vital for safe and efficient generator operation.

- Method chosen depends on size, capacity, and application.

- Hydrogen and water cooling are preferred for high-output synchronous generators.

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