PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PHILOPSOPHY AND LOGIC-GST 211

1. The root meaning of Philosophy is … (A) Wise love (B) Wisdom friendly (C) lover of
Wisdom (D) Wisdom friendship
2. What is fatalism? (A) The belief that everything has a cause (B) The view that human beings
do not have the power to change the course of events (C) The view that nothing happens
without a cause (D) The belief that reality is mechanistic
3. The concept of justice in Platonism consists of ……… (A) Doing the right and commendable
thing (B) Goodness and uprightness (C) Promoting general interest or will (D) A situation
where people of various classes limit their activities to the function prescribed by the state.
4. Ethics is defined as the systematic study of the basic principles underlying … (A) Corruption
(B) Elections (C) Morality (D) none of the above.
5. Aristotle says that the respective goals of theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge are
… (A) Essence and existence (B) A priori and a posterior (C) Truth and action (D) Theory and
practice.
6. The view which holds that the facts and phenomena of the universe are sufficiently explicable
in terms of the existence and the nature of matter alone is called ……… (A) Idealism (B)
Materialism (C) Rationalism (C) Rationalism (D) Empiricism
7. Knowledge in epistemology is contrasted with ……… (A) Art and technique (B) Opinion
and technique (C) Art and reality (D) Belief and opinion
8. To say that man is the measure of all things means according to Protagoras that: (A) Man
knows everything in reality (B) Man determines what is true or false (C) Man is a scientist (D)
man measures the length and breadth of things
9. The realist theory of meaning says that the meaning of a linguistic expression is: (A) The
physical object referred to (B) The idea of image in mind (C) An abstract being (D) Its use in a
linguistic context.
10. The Use Theory of meaning says that the meaning of a linguistic is ……… (A) A physical
object referred to (B) The idea or image in the mind (C) Its function or use in a linguistic
context (D) An abstract eternal being.

11. Epistemology is the same as ……… (A) Human knowledge (B) Theory of knowledge (C)
The study of what is (D) A belief or conjecture
12. The central idea of the Averroes-Thomistic tradition of Philosophy is ……… (A) I believe
so that I may understand (B) I believe so that I may reason well (C) I believe so that I may not
reason well (D) I believe so that I may not understand.
13. Who said Philosophy deals with clarification and language analysis? (A) Paul Feyerabend
(B) Karl Popper (C) Ludwig Wittgenstein (D) David Hume
14. Philosophy is difficult to define because (A) It is about the revealed truth of God (B) It has
no specific subject matter (C) It is argumentative (D) It is normative
15. Normative ethical approach has to do with ……… (A) The analysis of the meanings and
signification of ethical terms (B) The application of known theories of normative ethics to
particular moral issues (C) The study of right or wrong actions (D) The general norms or
principles, which ought to guide human conduct
16. Rationalism as opposed to empiricism, is the Philosophical view that ……… (A) Reason
and universal ideas and categories are the ultimate source of prior knowledge (B) Sense
perception is the source of human knowledge (C) Reason plays a complementary role in the
attainment of human knowledge (D) Human knowledge is sense-based
17. The empiricist slogan is ……… (A) Nothing is to be found in the intellect, which was not
first located in the brain (B) Nothing is to be found in the intellect, which was not first
located in the senses (C) Nothing is to be found in the intellect which was not first located in the
mind (D) Nothing is to be found in the intellect which was not first located in the Lord.
18. The two philosophers who first meted the idea of a calculating machine are ……… (A) G. E.
Moore and T. Hobbes (B) B. Pascal and G. W. Liebniz (C) G. W. F. Hegel and W. Wiredu (D)
W. V. O. Quine and Rene Descartes
19. What characteristics do C. D. Board identify with philosophy? (A) Art and Technique (B)
Critical and speculative (C) Wisdom and Truth (D) Reason and Reflection
20. The central idea of the pragmatic tradition of philosophy is ……… (A) I believe so that I
may understand (B) I believe so that I may reason well (C) I believe so that I may not reason
well (D) That we should decide the truth of a belief by its utilitarian value.
21. Who said philosophy deals with conjectures and refutations? (A) Paul Feyerabend (B) Karl
Popper (C) Ludwig Wittgenstein (D) David Hume
22. Determinism is the view that: (A) Reality is transcendental (B) What will happen will happen
(C) Everything is destined for an end (D) Everything is caused
23. Who said that although philosophy originated in the Greek language, the practice of
philosophy started in ancient Egypt? (A) J. Maritain (B) P. Bodurin (C) A Echekwube (D) I.
Onyewuenyi
24. Who said that the value of philosophy is to be sought in its very uncertainty? (A) A. J. Ayer
(B) K. Popper (C) B. Russell (D) P. Feyerabend
25. Who said defined ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with rightness or wrongness of
human action with moral obligation, principles of morality and their justification? (A) T. Hobbes
(B) J. Locke (C) Brostein (D) A. Echekwube
26. Categorical propositions are related in different ways, identify the relationship between A & I
(A) Quality (B) Quantity (C) Distribution (D) None
27. Symbolic logic is intended to eliminate one of the following (A) Argument (B) Principles (C)
Ambiguity (D) Logic
28. Logic is defined as the science of reasoning because it is interested in one of the following
(A) Psychological concern (B) Rational justification (C) Metaphysical concern (D) Theological
concern
29. The truth-functional value that is only false when the antecedence is true and the
consequence is false is identified as ……… (A) Biconditional (B) Material implication (C)
Negation (D) Disjunction
30. Identify the number of categorical propositions you were taught (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
31. The process through which an argument can be derived is known as ……… (A) Systematic
logic (B) Proposition (C) Conjunction (D) Inference
32. Who is the author of classical logic? (A) Whitehead (B) Socrates (C) Plato (D) Aristotle
Identify the fallacy committed in questions 33-35
33. Do you promise to stop cheating in exams? (A) Argumentum ad Miscericordiam (B) Accent
(C) Complex Question (D) Bacculum
34. You either buy GST Text Book or you carry over the courses (A) Argumentum ad Bacculum
(B) Argumentum ad Verecundiam (C) False cause (D) Converse Accident
35. I like wearing trousers because it is what majority of girls wear. (A) Argumentum ad
populum (B) Argumentum ad Ignorantism (C) Argumentum ad Verecudiam (D) Argumentum
ad Hominem
36. When a general rule is applied to a particular case whose circumstances render the rule in
applicable, the fallacy generated is ……… (A) Fallacy of Division (B) Converse Accident (C)
Fallacy of Accent (D) Fallacy of Accident
37. The conjunction of mood and figure generates ……… (A) Argument (B) Form (C)
Syllogism (D) Logic
38. Formal logic is said to correspond with ……… (A) Argument (B) deductive (C0 Inductive
(D) Informal logic
40. Where can you locate a minor term? (A) Constructive Dilemma (B) Destructive Dilemma
(C) Conjunction (D) Absorption.
41. How many terms are in every categorical syllogism? (A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
42. ……… denote anything that causes an argument to go wrong (A) Disagreement (b) fallacy
(C) Debate (D) Dispute
43. Where can you locate a major term? (A) Predicate-term of a conclusion (B) Subject-term of
a conclusion (C) First premise (D) Second premise
45. The placement of the middle term determines it’s ……… (A) Content (B) Conclusion (C)
Figure (D) Form
46. When information is explicative, it means such information is ……… (A) Deductive (B)
Inductive (C) Fallacious (D) All of the above
47. If Edgar lodges a complaint, then Fulton will investigate and Greville will be disqualified.
(A) p > q . r (B) p > (q . r) (C) (p>q).r (D) p > q v r
49. Which of the categorical propositions distributes only the predicate-term? (A) O (B) E (C) A
(D) I
50. The soundness of a deductive argument is determined by its …… (A) Form (B) Validity (C)
Structure (D) Content.
51. The legal maxim “audi alterem partem” relates to ……… (A) The right to life (B) The right
to fair hearing (C) The right to freedom of expression (D) The right to freedom of movement
52. Rules and regulations have the force of law when they are backed by ……… (A) Customs
(B) Sanction (C) Morals (D) Loyalty
53. The Apex court in Nigeria is ……… (A) The Court of Appeal (B) the Federal High Court
(C) Magistrate Court (D) The Supreme Court
54. Which of the following is a classification of law? (A) Public and Criminal law (B) Public
and Contract law (C) Criminal and Civil law (D0 Private and Criminal law.
55. The directive on Nigerian Culture is provided for under ……… (A) Section 1 of the CFRN,
1999 (B) Section 17 of the CFRN, 1999 (C) Section 21 of the CFRN, 1999 (D) Section 10 of
the CFRN, 1999
56. EFCC means ……… (A) Export and Fiscal Control Commission (B) Exemption and
Financial Control commission (C) Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (D)
Economic Funds Control Commission
57. Trespass to person consists of ……… (A) Assault and battery (B) Assault, battery and false
Battery and false imprisonment (D) False imprisonment and assault
58. Qualifications for Governor of a state are provided for under ……… (A) S. 131 of CFRN,
1999 (B) S. 305 of CFRN, 1999 (C) S. 1777 of CFRN, 1999 (D) S. 318 of CFRN, 1999
59. In criminal law, the state accepts responsibility for …… (A) Workmen wages (B) Detection,
prosecution and punishment of offenders (C) Provision of procedure and the courts for
resolving dispute (F) Establishment of compensation commissions
60. Search of persons, premises and things is available to ……… in Nigeria. (A) Accused (B)
Magistrate (C) Police (D) Lawyers.
61. A good example of an inferior court of record in Nigeria is ……… (A) The Supreme Court
(B) The Court of Appeal (C) The High Court of a State (D) The Magistrate
62. The two types of nuisance commonly known are ……… (A) Civil and Public (B) Public
and Private (C) Private and Civil (D) Public and Neutral
63. The Code of Conduct for public officers is to guide against ……… (A) Contempt of Court
(B) Corruption (C) Mutiny and insubordination (D) Public nuisance
64. The right to dignity of the human person is provided for in ……… of the Nigerian
constitution. (A) Section 33 (B) Section 34 (C) Section 35 (D) Section 36 imprisonment.
65. The law of property is concerned with ……… (A) Restraint of deviant in society (B) The
right which may arise in relation to anything that can be owned (C) The relationship
between the state and its citizen (D) The relationship between individuals and government
agencies
66. Carlil v. Carbolic Smokeball Co. is a case which illustrates (A) Formal contract (B)
Unilateral contract (C) Simple contract (D) Express contract
67. Law can be regarded as ……… (A) An instrument of chaos and anarchy. (A) An instrument
of change (C) An instrument of social engineering (D) An Instrument of freedom
68. Bail is a right of ……… (A) An accused person (B) The police (C) The governor (D)
Attorney-General
69. A pubic officer desirous of being elected as Governor of a state must resign, retire of be
withdrawn from service of least ……… days before the date of his election (A) 90 days (B) 30
days (C) 60 days (D) 21 days
70. The enforcement of beach of one’s fundamental right can be exercised in ……… (A) A High
Court (B) A Federal High Court (C) Both a High Court and Federal High Court (D) None of
the above.
71. Ownership is ……… (A) Abandonment of right to property (B) Insecurity of property (C)
The greatest right that a person can have in relation to property conversion of property.
72. Marriage in Nigeria may be ……… (A) Only monogamous (B) Both monogamous and
polygamous (C) Either monogamous, polygamous or polyandry (D) Polyandry or polygamous
73. Donoghue V. Stevenson is notorious for which of the following principles of Law ………
(A) Assault on victim (B) Duty of care (C) Rule of law (D) Consensus ad idem
74. The act that fused the administration of the common law and equity in England is known as
……… (A) The Admixture Acts of 1854 – 1857 (B) The common law fusion Acts of 1861-1864
(C) The Judicature Acts of 1873-1875 (D) The Equitable Jurisdiction Act of 1872-1874
75. The constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 has ……… (A) Schedule to it. (A)
Nine (B) Five (C) Seven (D) Three
76. Ignorance is regarded as the absence of ……… (A) In one capable of knowledge. (A)
Understanding (B) Influence (C) Wisdom (D) Knowledge
77. An example of perfective good is ……… (A) Good clothes (B) Food (C) Car (D) Handbag
78. The sacredness of life is an argument put forward by the ……… (A) Feminist (B) Legality
(C) the Conservatives (D) None of the above
79. Vincibility and non-vincibility concerns ……… (A) Pseudo-knowledge (B) Ignorance (C)
Knowledge (D) No idea.
80. It is ……… that ethical discourse has more than natural dimension. (A) False (B) Not sure
(C) Uncertain (D) True.
81. Beings that are irrational cannot be held culpable for an immoral act. (A) It is a lie (B) Very
true (C) Relative (D) We were not taught
82. Social justice is concerned with the relationship between the ……… part and social ………
(A) Unwholesome/dignity (B) Social/depend (C) Social/whole (D) All of the above
83. American Initiatives to Discourage Sex is the meaning of AIDS. (A) True (B) Yes (C) False
(D) I’m not sure
84. Introduction of moral studies is to help inculcate in the students, useful moral principles. (A)
False (B) No idea (C) We were not taught (D) True
85. Acts which are involuntary, proceeding from the will together with sufficient knowledge of
the purpose of the act is called ……… (A) Inhuman act (B) Acts of man (C) Human acts (D)
All of the above
86. The continuous practice of an act makes such become a ……… (A) Habit (B) Effort (C)
Professional (D) Literate
87. ……… was highly respected in African traditional morality. (A) Stealing (B) Witchcraft (C)
Rape (D) Virginity
88. Any detrimental acts in African peaceful co-existence is regarded as ……… act. (A) Moral
(B) Useful (C) Immodest (D) Immoral
89. The attempt to establish a common and peaceful social life forms the foundation of ………
(A) Poverty in Africa (B) Cultism (C) African moral values (D) All of the above
90. The study of the basic principles underlying morality is ……… (A) Logicality (B) Ethics (C)
Metaphysics (D) Epistemology.
91. A man’s irascibility could be controlled by ……… (A) Fortitude (B) Justice (C) Habit (D)
Prudence
92. There is the un-natural in natural evil. (A) False (B) True (C) True and False (D) No idea
93. When one’s feelings determine the decisions that are taken in life, such falls within ………
(A) Egoism (B) Emotivism (C) Voluntarism (D) Ethics
94. The motion away from sensible evil is called ……… (A) Power (B) Sin (C) Fear (D)
Agoraphobia
95. Concupiscence is the motion towards ……… (A) Sensible evil (B) Sensible good (C)
Sensible talk (D) None of the above
96. The new trend of ‘I will hammar’ negates the virtue of ……… (A) Prostitution (B) Robbery
(C) Diligence (D) 419
97. What is morally praise-worthy in society ‘A’ may be otherwise in society ‘B’. This is
referred to as ……… (A) Ethical universality (B) Ethical egoism (C) Ethical relativism (D) All
of the above
98. It has been suggested that African hospitality is to be cherished but with ……… (A) Caution
(B) Sincerity (C) Conscience (D) Moderation
99. “The privation of good that ought to be there” is the definition of evil credited to ……… (A)
St. Bonaventure (B) St. Valentine (C) St, Aquinas (D) Augustine of Hippo
100. A woman with ectopic pregnancy may be morally justified to carry out abortion because it
is ……… (A) A perfect good (B) A useful good (C) Superbly good (D) Unconditionally good.
CORRECT ANSWERS

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C
31. D 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. B
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. A
51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. C
61. D 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. B 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. B 70. C
71. C 72. B 73. B 74. C 75. C 76. D 77. B 78. C 79. B 80. D
81. B 82. C 83. C 84. D 85. C 86. A 87.D 88. D 89. C 90. B
91. A 92. A 93. B 94. C 95. A 96. C 97. C 98. A 99. D 100. B