Name………………………………………………………..Class………………...
Class No……………
233 Candidate’s signature……………………..
CHEMISTRY Date: ………………………………..............
2 Hours
LORETO HIGH SCHOOL LIMURU REVISION EXAMS - 002
Candidates score
Maximum score
50
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
For examiners use only
Questions Topic Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 Acids bases and salts 14
2 Atomic structure 12
3 Salts (qualitative analysis) 13
4 Metals (Aluminium) 13
TOTAL 52
1 (a) Sample of sea- water, rain -water, and well water were evaporated to dryness separately on three watch glasses. The
diagrams below show the observations made on each of the watch glasses- A, B, and C,
With a reason, identify each of the watch-glasses that initially contained:
(i) Sea –water (1mark)
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(ii) Rain-water; (1mark)
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(iii) Well-water (1mark)
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(b) Two samples of hard water, A and B, were boiled for some time and allowed to cool. Soap solution was stirred with
each of the samples. Sample B readily formed lather with soap but sample A required much more soap to form lather.
(i) Write the formula of two salts likely to have caused hardness in each of the samples. (2 marks)
I. Sample A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Sample B...………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Which one of the water samples can be softened by using slaked lime? Explain. (2 marks)
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(c) Industrially, hydrogen can be obtained from the electrolysis of water to which sulphuric acid had been added.
(i) Explain the role of sulphuric (VI) acid in the process. (1mark)
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(ii) Write an equation for the production of hydrogen at the cathode. (1mark)
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(d) Explain why hydrogen is obtained more rapidly when steam is reacted with heated magnesium than when magnesium
is reacted with cold water. (1mark)
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2 (a) Study the data in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent actual symbols of
the elements.
Element Protons Melting point (0C) Boiling point (0C) Ionic radius (nm)
H 11 98 890 0.095
J 12 650 1110 0.065
K 13 660 2470 0.050
L 14 1410 2360 0.041
M 15 590 and 44.2 280 0.032 and 0.0212
N 16 113 and 119 445 0.184
P 17 -101 -35 0.181
Q 18 -109 -186 -
(i) State the chemical structure of the chloride of elements J and L. (1mark)
Chloride of J……………………………………………………………………………………………
Chloride of L…...………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Why do the elements represented by letters M and N have two values of the melting points? (1mark)
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(iii) Explain the following observations in terms of structure of bonding
I. There is an increase in boiling point from H to K (1mark)
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II. Element L has a high boiling point. (2 marks)
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III. There is decrease in boiling point from N to Q. (1mark)
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(iv) Write the formula and electron arrangement of each of the two ions of M whose ionic radii are shown in the table
above. (2 marks)
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(b) The table below shows the atomic radii and ionic of some elements in a group of the periodic table.
Element Atomic radius (nm ) Ionic radius (nm)
A 0.112 0.031
B 0.160 0.065
C 0.197 0.099
D 0.215 0.113
(i) Explain why the ionic radius is less than the atomic radius for each of the elements. (1mark)
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(ii) Explain the variation in atomic radius for elements A to D. (1½ marks)
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(iii) Explain the increase in reactivity down the group. (1½ marks)
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3. The table below given some properties of three salts A, B, C.
Salt A B C
Solubility Insoluble Soluble Soluble
Effect of heat Decomposes forming a white Decomposes forming a Dissociates to two gases H and J. H turns
residue D and a colourless yellow residue and two gases wet litmus paper blue. J turns litmus red.
gas E. Gas E forms a white F and G. F is reddish brown. H and J readily recombine on cooling to
precipitate with limewater. G is colourless. form dense white fumes of salt C.
Further tests showed that when residue D was reacted with water and the product heated with salt C, gas H was evolved.
When A reacted with nitric acid, there was effervescence. The resulting solution formed a white precipitate with dilute
sulphuric acid but not with hydrochloric acid
(a) Identify each of the following. (2 marks)
Gas Identity
Gas E
Gas F
Salt A
Salt C
(b) Write the equation of the thermal decomposition of salt A. (1mark)
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(c) Name the compound formed when residue D is reacted with water………………………………… (1mark)
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(d) A solution of salt B reacted with an aqueous solution of gas, J, forming a white precipitate that dissolved on warming.
(i) Write the ionic equation for the formation of the white precipitate. (1mark)
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(ii) Write the formulae of the ions that are present in salt B……………………………………………….. (1mark)
(e) Explain what would be observed if sodium hydroxide solution was added to solution of B dropwise till in excess.
(2
marks)
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(f) State one use of salt C. (1mark)
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4. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite, which contains mainly Al2O3.2H2O: The ore is initially purified before
aluminium is extracted electrolytically.
(a) Identify the main impurities associated with this ore. (1mark)
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(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is used in the purification process.
(i) State the conditions necessary for this stage. (1mark)
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(ii) What is the role of sodium hydroxide solution? (1mark)
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(c) Give an equation for the reaction that form alumina, pure aluminium oxide, from aluminium hydroxide.
(1mark)
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(d) Aluminium is extracted from alumina by electrolysis.
(i) In this process alumina is added to molten cryolite in an electrolytic cell. Explain the role of cryolite. (1mark)
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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction that produced aluminium. (1mark)
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(iii) Within certain duration as electrolysis, 132,000 litres of oxygen gas are evolved according to the equation:
2O2-(l) O2(g) + 4e-. Calculate the mass of aluminium, in kilograms, obtained in the same duration.
(Al = 27; Molar gas volume at r. t. p. = 24 litres.) (3 marks)
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(e) To prepare aluminum hydroxide, it is preferable to add ammonia solution instead of sodium hydroxide to a solution of
an aluminium salt. Explain. (1mark)
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(f) Apart from conduction of heat, state two reasons why aluminium is suitable for making cooking utensils. (2 marks)
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