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Process Control 2H Lecture Notes

Process control involves monitoring and manipulating variables to achieve desired outputs, ensuring product quality and efficiency across various industries. Key components include sensors, controllers, and actuators, with control systems categorized into manual, automatic, feedback, and feedforward types. Understanding these elements and strategies is crucial for effective system design and maintenance.

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31 views2 pages

Process Control 2H Lecture Notes

Process control involves monitoring and manipulating variables to achieve desired outputs, ensuring product quality and efficiency across various industries. Key components include sensors, controllers, and actuators, with control systems categorized into manual, automatic, feedback, and feedforward types. Understanding these elements and strategies is crucial for effective system design and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Su Kosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Process Control - Lecture Notes (2

Hours)
Introduction to Process Control
 • Process control is the act of monitoring and manipulating variables to achieve desired
output.
 • It ensures product quality, safety, and efficiency.
 • Widely used in industries like chemical, oil, food, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Basic Elements of Process Control System


 • Process: The system to be controlled (e.g., heater, reactor).
 • Sensor: Measures process variable (e.g., temperature sensor).
 • Controller: Compares measured value with setpoint and takes action.
 • Actuator/Final Control Element: Adjusts the process (e.g., control valve).

Types of Process Control Systems


 • Manual Control: Human operator adjusts input.
 • Automatic Control: System adjusts input based on controller signals.
 • Feedback Control System: Uses measured output to correct the process.
 • Feedforward Control System: Anticipates changes and acts accordingly.

Block Diagram Representation


 • Process Control System can be represented using block diagrams.
 • Components include: Setpoint, Controller, Final Control Element, Process, Sensor,
Feedback.
 • Helps in understanding system dynamics and interactions.

Control System Terminologies


 • Setpoint (SP): Desired value of process variable.
 • Process Variable (PV): Actual measured value.
 • Error: Difference between SP and PV.
 • Manipulated Variable (MV): Variable adjusted by the controller.
 • Disturbance: Any unwanted input affecting the process.
Feedback vs Feedforward Control
 • Feedback: Corrective action after disturbance affects the output.
 • Feedforward: Corrective action before disturbance affects the output.
 • Feedforward is proactive; Feedback is reactive.
 • Often used together for better performance.

Open Loop vs Closed Loop Control


 • Open Loop: No feedback; control action independent of output (e.g., timer-based
toaster).
 • Closed Loop: Uses feedback to control the output (e.g., thermostat).
 • Closed loop is more accurate and reliable.

Applications of Process Control


 • Temperature control in furnaces
 • Pressure control in boilers
 • Flow rate control in pipelines
 • Level control in tanks
 • Speed control in motors

Summary & Q&A


 • Process control enhances system performance and reliability.
 • Key components: sensors, controllers, actuators.
 • Feedback and feedforward are essential strategies.
 • Understanding control types helps in system design and maintenance.

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