ETHICS
LUNA, PAMELA R.
CULTURE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR groups to which they belong, as a
normal part of childhood.
What is Culture?
● A culture is a way of life of a SOCIALIZATION
group of people. ● Also called as enculturation;
● ‘WAY OF LIFE’ that talks about: ● The process in which we socially
a. moral values and learn culture including morality;
behaviours ● the process of internalizing the
b. knowledge, beliefs, symbols norms and ideologies of society.
that accept.
Cultural Relativism
● the ability to understand a culture
on its own terms and not to make
judgements using the standards
of one’s own culture;
● The goal of this is to promote
understanding of cultural
practices that are not typically
part of one’s own culture.
Moral Relativism
● the view that moral judgements
are true or false only relative to
CULTURE some particular standpoint and
● Culture is the totality of the that no standpoint is uniquely
learned behaviour of a group of privileged over all others;
people that are generally ● Different moral principles apply to
considered to be a tradition of the different persons or group of
people and are transmitted from individuals.
generation to generation.
● It is impossible to live in a society Asian Moral Understanding
without being affected by its ● Because culture has a major
culture. impact on morality, people from
different culture appears to have
“Learning Culture is an essential part of seemingly, but not essentially,
human development” - De Guzman E different sets of Ethics.
Pena, 2016
● This table summarizes what are
SOCIAL LEARNING perceived as differences between
● Social learning is the process by Western and Eastern Ethics.
which individuals acquire
knowledge from others in the
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ETHICS
LUNA, PAMELA R.
Weaknesses
● Avoiding to say ‘no’
● Overgenerous praise to one
another;
● Using metaphorical language
rather than candid terms
Both
● Smiling even of the things go
wrong
b. Hiya
Filipino Moral Character: Strengths and ● Described as feeling of loneliness,
Weaknesses shame or embarrassment and
inhibition or shyness which is
● Filipino cultural morality, experienced as something
especially that which concerns distressing.
social ethics, centers on ideally ● Fear of losing face
having a “smooth interpersonal
relationship” SIR with others. Strengths
● A person’s capacity for proper
● Six basic Filipino values: behavior with authority figures
a) pakikisama;
b) hiya; Weaknesses
c) amor propio; ● Having inferiority complex;
d) utang na loob; ● Losing self-confidence
e) Filipino Hospitality;
f) respect for elders. c. Amor propio
● Concept of Face;
a. Pakikisama ● ‘self-respect’ or self-esteem’
● Having and maintaining ‘good ● High degree of sensitivity that
public relations’. makes a person intolerant to
● Character: value and goal that criticism and causes him to have
involves keeping good feelings in an easily wounded pride.
all personal interactions and ● Comes from the person's
getting along with others, tendency to protect his or her
oftentimes, at all costs. dignity and honor.
Strengths Strengths
● Gain Friends; ● Helps to lift up self-respect
● Create harmonious relationships; ● Self-discipline
● Avoid clashes and confrontations
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ETHICS
LUNA, PAMELA R.
Weaknesses ● Respecting their opinions and
● Arrogant or abusive advice
● Indifference to the needs of the
people around them. Strengths
● Harmony with elders;
d. ‘Utang na loob’ ● Grows love and respect for elders
● Debt of Gratitude ● Create close family ties
● Fundamental aspect of upholding
group harmony and relationships Weaknesses
that demand the balancing of ● Dependent
obligations and debts. ● Irrationally obedient to elders;
● Lose our sense of self
Strengths
● Returning one’s favor Universal Values
● Values generally shared by
Weaknesses cultures;
● Pressure to return the favor; ● Strong proof that cultural
● May do things that sometimes relativism is wrong
may be bad. ● May reasonably show that
cultures shows that other values
e. Filipino Hospitality must be generally shared in many
● The innate ability and trait of cultures.
Filipinos to be courteous and
entertaining their guests. 1. Telling the truth
● Intentionally known to be warm, ● Without it , there will be no
welcoming, and accommodating. reason to pay attention to
what anyone wants to
Strengths communicate;
● Welcoming
● Warm and feel at home 2. Valuing or Respecting of Life
● Person feel relieved Necessities
● the prohibition of murder
Weaknesses
● Prone to being abused or
maltreated.
f. Respect to elders
● Common grace and manners are
to treat our elders with dignity and
respect;
● Using ‘po’ and ‘opo’
● Pagmamano
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