MATRICES
XII Business maths
Teacher Sonam Zangmo
Competencies
Objectives
MATRICES
XII Business maths
Matrices:
A Matrix is an array of numbers:
A Matrix is named based on its dimension
This is a 2 by 3 matrix
GENERAL REPRESENTATION OF MATRIX
The first subscript refers
to row position of the
element in the array and
the second subscript
refers to the column
position.
2nd row and 2nd
column
Types of Matrices
Rectangular Matrix:
A matrix of order m ×n where m (no. of rows) is not
equal to n (no. of columns).
Row Matrix:
A matrix which has only one row and any number
of columns.
Column Matrix: - A matrix which has only
one column and any number of rows.
Square Matrix:
A matrix of order in which number of rows is equal to
number of columns. That is m = n and is known as
square matrix of order n.
Diagonal Matrix:
It is a square matrix with all the elements zero
except the diagonal elements are non zero.
Scalar Matrix:
It is a diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal
elements are same.
Zero Matrix or Null matrix:
A matrix with all entries zero is called zero/null matrix.
Zero matrix is denoted by 0.
Adding
Addition and subtraction of
matrices
Two matrices can be OR
added and subtracted only when they
only if they are of same are comparable
order.
The result matrix is of
the same size
A+B
7
-3 -2
Scalar Multiplication:
Multiplication of constant with a matrix
Multiplication of Two matrices:
SAME
Two matrices can be multiplied
only if the number of columns of (m × n)×(n × p)=
first matrix is equal to the m×p
number of rows of the second
matrix.
Exercise
Finding unknown values/matrix
Minor and cofactor
Adjoint of a matrix
Adjoint of a Matrix
The adjoint of a square
matrix is the transpose of
the cofactor of the given
matrix
Find the adjoint of
Cofactor of 2 = 5
Cofactor of 3 = - 4
Cofactor of 4 = - 3
Cofactor of 5 = 2
The short cut
Change the leading
diagonal elements
Change the sign of other diagonal
Adjoint of a matrix (3×3)
Adjoint of 3×3
Find the adjoint of
Find the adjoint of
Find the adjoint of the following matrix matrices.
Inverse of a Matrix
Inverse of a Matrix
What is
it?
How do we find?
Do inverse No, When
exist for all? |A|≠0
The matrix is said to be
singular if its |A|=0.
Inverse of a Matrix
Q. For each of the following matrices, determine whether
the inverse exists. If it exists, find it
Important Result
Lesson objectives:
Application of Matrices in solving systems of Equation
How to solve systems of Equation using matrix
Solution to problems related to daily life.
RECAP………
Application of Matrix
Solving systems of Equation What is
it?
How do we find?
Do we have No unique
solution for all solution, When
|A|=0
Steps in solving
1. Order the variable
How do we order?
2. Form a matrix for
coefficient, variables
and constants.
3. Apply the formula
Tenzin and Kuenga are preparing for their mid-term examination. Tenzin
bought 2 pens and 3 pencils and paid Nu 23 while Kuenga bought 3 pens
and 4 pencils and paid Nu 32. on reaching the school Deki asked the
price of the pen and pencil. What are the cost of each pen and pencil?
1. Solve using Martin’s rule to determine the weight of a cat and a pig. The
total weights of the animals in each group are given.
Use matrix method to determine the weight of each animal. The total
weights of the animals in each group are given.
41 kg 29 kg 44 kg
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