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Collection of Data Chapter3 Detailed Notes

Chapter 3 of Class 11 Economics covers the collection of data, defining data as numerical information that can be quantitative or qualitative. It distinguishes between primary data, collected firsthand, and secondary data, which is previously gathered by others, and outlines various methods and sources for data collection. The chapter also discusses census and sampling methods, along with precautions for using secondary data, providing essential insights for understanding data collection in economics.

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88 views3 pages

Collection of Data Chapter3 Detailed Notes

Chapter 3 of Class 11 Economics covers the collection of data, defining data as numerical information that can be quantitative or qualitative. It distinguishes between primary data, collected firsthand, and secondary data, which is previously gathered by others, and outlines various methods and sources for data collection. The chapter also discusses census and sampling methods, along with precautions for using secondary data, providing essential insights for understanding data collection in economics.

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dhairyakalra93
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 11 Economics (Statistics)

Chapter 3: Collection of Data - Detailed Notes

1. **Meaning of Data**

- Data refers to numerical information. It can be quantitative (numerical) or qualitative

(non-numerical).

- In Economics, data is collected to understand and analyze economic problems.

2. **Types of Data**

a) **Primary Data**: Collected by the investigator for the first time.

- Example: Survey conducted by a student for a school project.

b) **Secondary Data**: Already collected and processed by someone else.

- Example: Data from government publications.

3. **Sources of Data**

- **Primary Data Sources**: Direct personal investigation, indirect oral investigation, information

through local correspondents, mailed questionnaire method, schedules sent through enumerators.

- **Secondary Data Sources**: Government publications, semi-government publications, private

publications, newspapers, research papers, etc.

4. **Methods of Collecting Primary Data**

a) **Direct Personal Investigation**

- Investigator collects data personally.

- Merits: Reliable, accurate.

- Demerits: Time-consuming, costly.

b) **Indirect Oral Investigation**

- Data collected by interviewing experts or witnesses.


- Useful in case of sensitive issues.

c) **Information Through Local Correspondents**

- Data collected by agents in different places.

- Cost-effective but may be less reliable.

d) **Mailed Questionnaire Method**

- Questionnaire sent by post to respondents.

- Economical but low response rate.

e) **Schedules Sent Through Enumerators**

- Trained enumerators fill in data by asking questions.

- More reliable but expensive.

5. **Difference Between Primary and Secondary Data**

| Basis | Primary Data | Secondary Data |

|---------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|

| Collection | First time by investigator | Already collected by others |

| Cost and Time | More time and cost | Less time and cost |

| Specificity | Specific to the purpose | May not fit the exact requirement |

| Reliability | High (if carefully collected) | May be less reliable |

6. **Census and Sample Methods**

a) **Census Method**

- Every individual unit of the population is studied.

- Accurate and reliable but time-consuming and costly.

b) **Sample Method**

- Only a part (sample) of the population is studied.

- Economical and quicker, but may involve sampling error.


7. **Sampling Techniques**

a) **Random Sampling** - Equal chance to all units.

b) **Stratified Sampling** - Population divided into strata, then sampled.

c) **Systematic Sampling** - Selecting every nth item.

d) **Quota and Judgment Sampling** - Based on judgment or quota.

8. **Precautions in Using Secondary Data**

- Reliability of the source must be ensured.

- Data should be relevant, adequate, and suitable.

- Units of measurement must be checked.

9. **Key Terms**

- **Population**: Entire group to be studied.

- **Sample**: A part of the population.

- **Investigator**: Person collecting the data.

- **Respondent**: Person providing the data.

These notes help understand the fundamentals of data collection and are essential for both

theoretical and practical application in economics.

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