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Cell Structure and Functions

The document outlines the structure and functions of various cellular organelles, distinguishing between membrane-bound (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) and non-membrane-bound organelles (e.g., ribosomes, centrioles). It details the roles of each organelle in cellular processes, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste management. The information aims to enhance understanding of how organelles interact and contribute to overall cell function.

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15 views22 pages

Cell Structure and Functions

The document outlines the structure and functions of various cellular organelles, distinguishing between membrane-bound (e.g., mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) and non-membrane-bound organelles (e.g., ribosomes, centrioles). It details the roles of each organelle in cellular processes, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste management. The information aims to enhance understanding of how organelles interact and contribute to overall cell function.

Uploaded by

dftzzzrr27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CELL STRUCTURE

AND FUNCTIONS
Learning outcomes:

1. Describe the structure and function of


major and subcellular organelles.
2. Determine the role of each cellular
organelle and explain how it relates to the
function of other organelles.
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles,
meaning that these organelles (e.g. mitochondria,
lysosome, etc.) are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer
(membrane). This allows organelles within the cells to
control what enters and leaves it by using a selectively
permeable membrane.

A nonmembrane-bound organelle simply means that the


organelle doesn't have a membrane (e.g. centrioles,
ribosomes, etc.) because they don't need to control their
internal conditions.
The Membrane-bound Organelles

1. Mitochondrion/ Mitochondria
- Supply energy for the cell
( powerhouse of the cell )
- Shaped like a bean
- Cristae
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
-transport system of the cell.
➢ Rough / granular ER
- studded with tiny organelles
called ribosomes (site of protein
synthesis)
-primary function is synthesizing
or producing and modifying of
proteins
➢ Smooth / agranular ER
-lacks of ribosome
- transport synthesized proteins
across the cytoplasm, allowing
synthesis of fatty acids and
phospholipids
-Detoxification
3. Golgi apparatus
- manufacturer and
shipping center of the cell
- Consists of stacks or piles of
flattened sacs called
cisternae which functions
in the packaging, sorting,
and refining of products
that the cell are making.
4. Lysosomes
- suicide bags of the cell
(autophagy)
-serve as digestion compartments
for cellular materials that have
exceeded their lifetime or are
otherwise no longer useful.
-reprocessing area of the cell
because it break down cellular
waste products, fats,
carbohydrates, proteins, and other
macromolecules into simple
compounds, which are then
transferred back into the cytoplasm
as new cell-building materials.
5. Vacuole
-fluid filled vesicle that stores
substances needed by the cell
- Disposal site for substances that are
not needed by the cell
- -larger in plant cell than in animal
cell
6. Peroxisome
- Contains enzymes in
digesting/ breaking down
of fatty acids
7. Vesicle
-transport materials from one
place to another
- Metabolism and enzyme
storage
The Non Membrane-bound Organelles ( Cellular
Macromolecules)

1. Ribosome
-Made up of RNA and protein
-Can be found in ER or floating
in cytoplasm
-Site of protein synthesis
2. Centrosomes/
Centrioles
- - Cylinder-shaped
organelles that is made up
of microtubules arranged in
a circle
- They help the cell to divide
during mitosis and meiosis
3. Cytoskeleton
- Network of filaments and
tubules that extends
throughout the cell.
- Provides motility and
strength to the cell.
THANK
YOU.

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