Tutor ial 3

Chapter 4: Discrete Four ier Tr ansfor m

1. Determine the DFT of following function by using DIT­FFT algorithm.
x(n) = 3 sin n for 0 ½ n½ 3 .
Á

2. Find the linear convolution using circular convolution of the following sequences
x[n] = {1, 2 , 2 ,1 } and h[n] = { 1, 2 , 3, 2, 1 }
n n
3. Find the 8­point DFT of the sequence {1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1} using DIT­FFT and DIF­FFT
algorithm and verify the result.
4. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2}.
5. Define DFT. Compute 4­point DFT of the following sequence:
x[n] = u[n] + u[n­1] – u[n­2] + u[n­3]
6. Find the X(4), X(7) DFT of the sequence {1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1} using DIT­FFT algorithm.
7. Why is DFT preferred over DTFT in the analysis of discrete ­ time signals. Also determine the
DFT of the signal x[n] = u[n] ­ u[n­4].
8. Find the Inverse DFT of the signal X(k) = {2,1+j,0,1­j}
9. Find the FFT of the signal x [n] = {1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1} using DIF­FFT algorithm.
10. Show that the direct computation of N­point DFT of a length ‘N’ requires 4N2 real multiplication
and (4N­2)N real addition.
11. Explain about the relationship between DFT and Z­ transform.
12. Show that multiplication of two discrete time signals results in circular convolution of their
DFTs.
13. Explain the significance of zero padding? If X1(k) and X2(k) are DFT of sequence x1[n] = {1, 1,
2, 1, ­2} and x2[n] = {1, 2, 1, 1, ­2} respectively then find the sequence x3[n]; If DFT of x3[n] is
given by X3(k) = X1(k) and X2(k).
14. Find the 8­Point DFT of the sequence,
x[n] = u[n]+u[n­2]­u[n­6]­u[n­8]
15. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2} and x2[n] = {­1,1}.
16. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1}.
17. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3,4} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2}.
18. Find the five­point circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3,4,5} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2,2}.
19. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences (N=6):
x1 [n] = {1,2,3,3,2,1} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2,3,2}.
20. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2,2,3,1}.
21. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2,2,3,4,2}.
22. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2}.
n n
23. Find the circular convolution of the given two sequences:
x1 [n] = {1,2,3} and x2[n] = {­1,0,1,2}.
n n
Tutorial 2

Z Transform

1. Find z-transform of following signal using properties also mention ROC of this signal.
i. x[n] = na​n​u[n],
ii. x[n] = – a​n​u[– n – 1]
2. Define Z-transform of any causal discrete time signal x[n]. Find the Z-transform and its ROC for the
signal:

3. By differentiating X(z) and then using appropriate properties of the z-transform, determine x[n] for the
transform given as

X(z) = log(1-2z), |z|< 21

4. Determine the causal signal x[n] having the z-transform
1
X(z) = (1−2z−1 )(1−z −1 )2

5. For the given system y[n] = 0.7 y[n-1] - 0.1 y[n-2] + x[n], plot the pole zero diagram and magnitude
response of the system
6. Determine the z-transform and the ROC of the signal

x(n) = [3(2​n​) – 4(3​n​)] u(n)

7. Find the Z-transform of the following signal​; ​x(n) = n​2​u(n). Also mention ROC of this signal.
8. What are the properties of Z-transform? Write about scaling and time shifting properties of Z- transform.

9. Determine the inverse Z – transform

X(Z) =

When ROC: and ROC: .

10. Why the inverse Z-transform is required? Explain in detail about partial fraction expansion method?
11. What is an Unilateral z-Transform? Explain it with examples.
12. Define ROC? Explain them with examples?
13. Explain and prove the following properties of Z-Transform:
i. Linearity Property
ii. Time Shifting Property
iii. Time scaling Property
iv. Time Reversal Property
v. Differentiation Property
vi. Convolution Property
14. Determine the Z- Transform of the following discrete time signals
i. x[n] = an u[n]
ii. x[n] = - an u[-n-1]
iii. x[n] = an u[n] - bn u[n]
iv. x[n] = - an u[-n-1] - bn u[-n-1]
v. x[n] = coswn u[n]
vi. x[n] = an coswn u[n]
vii. x[n] = an coswn u[n]
viii. x[n] = {r (n) , 10 > n≥0 0, elsewhere
ix. x[n] = {u (− n − 1) , − 6 < n≤ − 1 0, elsewhere

INVERSE Z- Transform

1. Find the IZT of the given function,

1
X(z) = 1−1.5z −1 +0.5z −2

Using Long Division method for

i. ROC: |z|>1
ii. ROC: |z|<1

2. Find the inverse Z-Transform of

1+z −1 +2z −2
X(z) = (1− 12z −1 )(1− 13z −1 )(1− 14z −1 )
, |z|> 21

Using Partial fraction method.

3. Find the IZT of

1+z −1
X(z) = 1− 15z −1

Using Long Division method when

i. |z| > 51
ii. |z|< 51
4. Find the IZT of
 z
X(z) = (z−1)(z−2)(z−3)

Using Partial Fraction method for

i. ROC: |z|>3
ii. ROC:3 > |z| > 2
iii. ROC: |z|<1
5. Find the Inverse Z-Transform of
z
X(z) = (z−1)(z 2 +1)

Using Partial Fraction expansion method.

6. Find the IZT of

1
X(z) = 1− 16z −1 − 13z −2

Using Convolution method.

7. Determine the impulse response of the given linear constant coefficient difference equation:

y[n]- 65 y[n-1] + 1
6 y[n-2] = x[n]- 1
2 x[n-1]

8. Determine the unit step response of the system, whose linear constant coefficient difference
equation is:

y[n]-0.5y[n-1] +0.06y[n-2] = x[n]-x[n-1]

if, y [-1] =1 and y [-2] = 2.

9. Determine the response of the system whose linear constant difference equation is
y[n]-0.1y[n-1] -0.12y[n-2] = x[n]-0.4x[n-1]

if, y [-1] = y [-2] = 2 and x[n] = 0.5n u[n].

10. Find the linear constant difference equation, if the input to the system is
n
x[n] = ( 21 ) u[n] and the output of the system is
n n
y[n] = ( 21 ) u[n] + 2 ( 31 ) u[n]
 Chapter 5: Implementations of Discrete Time system
1. Realize the following system function using
a. Direct Form I
b. Direct Form II
c. Cascade form
d. Parallel form

2. Consider a discrete LTI system described by difference equation

Realize the system function using:

a. Direct Form I
b. Direct Form II
3. Realize the linear phase filter having the following impulse response
1 1 1 1
h[n] = δ[n] - 4
δ[n-1] + 2
δ[n-2] + 2
δ[n-3] - 4
δ[n-4] + δ[n-5]
4. Realize a FIR filter with impulse response h[n] given by,
n
h[n] = ( 21 ) [u (n) − u (n − 4)]

Using direct form -I

5. Consider a second-order LTI system described by difference equation,
1
y[n] = 16 y[n-2] +x[n]
a. Determine the unit sample response, h[n] of the system
b. Determine the direct form II, Parallel and cascade-form realization of the system
6. Obtain the cascade realization for a system having the following system function
(z−1)(z−2)(z+1)z
H(z)​ ​=
(z− 2 −j 21 )(z− 21 +j 21 )(z−j 41 )(z+j 41 )
1

7. Determine the cascade realization for the system described by the system function
−1 −1
10 (1− 21 z )(1− 32 z )(1+2z −1 )
H (z)​ ​= −1 −1 −1 −1
(1− 43 z )(1− 81 z )[1−( 21 +j 21 )z )][1−( 21 −j 21 )z )]
8. Determine the cascade realization for the second order system described by the system function

1
H (z)​ =
(1−0.5z )( )(1−0.7e )(1−0.3z
π −1 j π −1
−1
1−0.7e−j 4 z 4z
−1
)

9. Plot Magnitude Response (not to the scale) of the system described by difference equation:
y[n] – y[n-1] + 0.25y[n-2] = x[n] + 0.5x[n-1]
10. Consider a FIR lattice filter with coefficients k​1 =
​ 0.65, k​2 =
​ - 0.34 and k​3 =
​ 0.8. Obtain the system
function of this filter​.
11. Draw the canonical and Parallel structures of the following system described by,
y[n] = -0.8 y[n-2] + x[n] -2 x[n-1] ​+ 0.5x[n-2]
​

12. Draw the lattice-ladder structure for the following IIR system.

1−0.8z −1 −0.15z −2
H (z) = 1+0.1z −1 −0.72z −2 .

Is the system stable.

13. Convert the following pole Zero IIR filter into the lattice ladder structure:

H(Z) =

Is the system stable.

14. Draw the lattice structure for the following IIR system

1
H(z) = 3+6z −1 +9z −2

15. Determine the lattice-coefficients corresponding for the given system function.

H(z) = A​3​(z) = 1 + 11/12z​-1​ + 5/8 z​-2​ + 1/3 z​-3

16. Determine the lattice-coefficients corresponding for the given system function.

H(z) = A​3​(z) = 1 + 2z​-1​ + 2 z​-2​ + 1 z​-3

17. Determine the lattice-coefficients corresponding for the given system function.

H(z) = A​2​(z) = 1 + 2z​-1​ + 1 z​-2

18. Consider a FIR filter given by a differential equation

y[n] = 2x[n] + 4/5x[n-1] + 3/2x[n-2] + 2/3x[n-3]. Determine its lattice coefficient.

19. Determine the lattice-coefficients corresponding for the given system function.
1
H(z) = 1+ 13 −1
+ 58z −2 + 13z −3
24 z

20. Determine the lattice-coefficients corresponding for the given system function.
H(z) = 1 + 13/24 z​-1​ + 5/8 z​-2​ + 1/3 z​-3