27 11.

(355) SR: Musicians played for all kinds of outdoor

activities on haut instruments. They might have ridden
Chapter 16 horses and played. May have lodged in the stables, but
France, England, Spain, and the were well paid. Their position could be passed to a male
New World in the Seventeenth Century relative. Flutist Jean Hotteterre made instruments. The
24 violins of the king was the nucleus for the orchestra.
1. [351] The previous two chapters focused on genre. What The oboe may have been invented here from the shawm.
is the focus for this chapter?
Nationalities 12. (356) How were the 24 violins of the king organized?
The "small violins"?
2. Nationality was influenced also by ____________. Five-part texture (6 sopranos = violin; 3 divisions of viola
Politics filler parts four on each part; 6 basses which were tuned
a whole step lower than our cellos). An ensemble of 18
3. _____ led; France adopted a new style of elegance and "violins."
restraint; England and Germany adopted ___________
and ____________ styles; ______ did it's own thing. 13. How did the orchestra get its name?
Italy; Italian and French; Spain It's the place in front of the stage that was called the orchestra
in Greek drama.
4. (352) Name the king, the guardian, the usurper. What is
a Fronde? 14. Italian opera in France was tried in 1647 and 1662. Who
Louis XIV, the Sun King; Anne of Austria, Cardinal Mazarin. were the composers and their works?
Series of revolts Luigi Rossi, Orfeo; Francesco Cavalli, Ercole amante
(Hercules in Love)
5. What royal academies were established to oversee the
discipline? 15. Who were the playwrights?
Sculpture and painting (1648), dance (1661), literature (1663), Pierre Corneille; Jean Racine
sciences (1669), opera (1669)
16. What did Lully do in 1672?
6. What were the Louvre and Versailles? In what ways Purchased a royal privilege to produce sung drama;
were they representative of Louis' power? established the royal music academy
Palace in Paris, country. Larger than life; mythological
associations with ancient Greek and Roman culture; 17. Who was Lully's librettist? What elements were in their
sculptured gardens that obeyed the will of the king; kept operas? What was the term for them?
aristocracy at court and engaged in those activities Jean-Philippe Quinault; drama, music, ballet; tragédie en
musique later to become tragédie lyrique
7. (353) What are the characteristics of the court ballet?
Musical-dramatic work, staged, members of court along with 18. How many acts? Source material? Divertissement?
professional dancers, several acts, solo songs, choruses, Agenda?
instrumental dances in the style of the characters 5; mythology, chivalric tales; interludes of dancing and choral
portrayed. singing; sycophant

8. (354) What are the examples? 19. (357) SR: What are the important events in Lully's life?
Ballet comique de la reine (The Queen's Dramatic Ballet, Born 1632; 1646, Italian tutor; 1653, danced in Ballet de la
1581); Ballet des fetes de Bacchus (Ballet of the nuit and became court composer of instrumental music
Festivals of Bacchus, 1651, Apollo); Ballet de la nuit and director of the petits violons; 1661, superintendent
(Ballet of the Night, 1653, Rising Sun) of music for the king's chamber (so he added the 24
violons); wrote court ballets and sacred music for the
9. "Dance reinforced the state by offering a model of royal chapel; 1664, comédies-ballets; 1672, to opera;
discipline, order, refinement, restraint, and subordination 1685, scandal; died in 1687.
of the individual to a common enterprise."
20. SR: Lully's orchestra was known for __________.
10. What were the different divisions of the 150-200 Uniform bowing and coordinated use of ornaments
musicians?
Royal Chapel (singers, organists, religious music musicians); 21. SR: List his works.
Chamber (string, lute, harpsichord, flute for indoor Alceste, Armide, + 13 other operas; 14 comédies-ballets; 29
entertainment); Great Stable (wind, brass, timpani for ballets (most in collaboration with other composers);
outdoor ceremonies, sometimes with chapel) numerous motets and other liturgical music

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 16

22. (358) What is the structure of the French overture? 35. Who are the composers?
2 sections: homophonic and majestic, dotted rhythms and Lully, Charpentier, Michel-Richard de Lalande (70 motets)
figures rushing toward the downbeats; second section
begins imitatively; sometimes returns to the opening 36. (363) Who was the French Latin oratorio dude? What
tempo and figuration were they like? How many?
Charpentier; Italian and French styles of recitative and aria
23. Where did the divertissements occur? and chorus given a prominent role; 34
In the middle or end of each act
37. Organ music was mostly for __________ use. How were
24. What is an air? [Read the discussion of Armide to get a these pieces named?
sense of opera at that time and what Lully was trying to Church; the pipes (=stops)
accomplish.]
Song with rhyming text and regular meter (dance-like) and 38. Who is the lute composer? What replaced the lute?
phrasing, syllabic, tuneful melody, not so much text Denis Gaultier; clavecin (harpsichord)
repetition, no virtuosic display
39. Who were the harpsichord composers?
25. What was French recitative like? Jacques Champion de Chambonnières, Jean Henry
Imitate the declamation of French actors without trying to be D'Anglebert, Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre,
speechlike; bass is more rhythmic; melody is more François Couperin
songful
40. Ornamentation in the performance of French Baroque
26. (359) What is récitatif simple? How does récitatif keyboard music is abundant.
mesuré differ? What's the problem with these terms?
French recitative that has alternating meters changes; more 41. (364) Describe style luthé or style brisé.
metrical and lyrical. They were coined after the fact and Arpeggiated notes or alternating between high and low
are not universally accepted.
42. Dance music for lute/keyboard was stylized. What does
27. What is notes inégales? TQ: Any relation to that mean?
contemporary music? It imitated the style rather than being an exact replica
Eighth notes played long-short; jazz (swing)
43. Dances were in a _______ form. The sections were
28. (361) Overdotting? repeated. Harmonically it moved from ______ to ______
Dotted-eighth sixteenth would be double-dotted eighth within the first and _______ to _______ in the second.
followed by a 32d note Binary; I-V, V-I. Earlier dances had been over a pavane (three
repeated sections) or a ground bass, but now it's a binary
29. Agrément? form
French ornamentation figures
44. (365) SR: Elisabeth was a child ________. List her
30. Lully's music is ____. works.
Tonal Prodigy; 1 ballet (lost); Céphale et Procris (opera); 3 books of
cantatas (2 sacred, 1 secular), 2 books of Pièces de
31. (362) What is an air sérieux? Air à boire? Traits? clavecin, 8 violin sonatas, 4 trio sonatas
Serious (love, pastorla, political topics) song; drinking (light
or frivolous topics) song; syllabic, strophic, 1-3 voices 45. What is the name of Gaultier's lute collection?
with lute/continuo accompaniment La Rhétorique des dieux

32. Who was the song composer? 46. These dances were grouped into _________. Many begin
Marc-Antoine Charpentier with a ________.
Suites; unmeasured prelude
33. (362) Until 1650 French church music resembled
______________; after it adopted the Italian _______ 47. Identify the dances and their characteristics.
and ________ styles. Allemande – moderately fast 4/4 with an upbeat, all voices
Renaissance counterpoint; sacred concerto and oratorio move; courante – upbeat, moderate tripe or compound
meter; sarabande – quick dance from Latin America but
34. What are the two types of motets and how do they was slow, dignified in triple meter, emphasis on beat
differ? two; gigue – fast compound meter (6/4 or 12/8), wide
Petit motet = sacred concerto for few voices with continuo; melodic leaps and continuous lively triplets
grand motet, soloists, double chorus, orchestra with
several sections in contrasting meters and tempos

© 2014, 2009, 2006, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois

28 60. (376) It sounds like Purcell's recitatives were full of
word painting.
48. (368) What are some of the other dances?
Chaconne in the form of a rondeau, refrain alternates with a 61. (372) What is a dramatic opera or semi-opera? Cite an
series of contrasting period (couplets); gavotte – duple example.
meter, half-measure upbeat, strong downbeat; minuet – Spoken play with overture and other pieces; The Fairy Queen
moderate triple meter
62. What is a catch?
49. What was the order of the German suite? Round or canon
Allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue with prelude at the
beginning and optional dances throughout 63. What (again) was the music for the church?
Anthems and services
50. "Strong contrasts," yes, but all movements are in the
same key (and I don't know when he was going to get 64. Who are the viol consort composers? What are the
around to telling you that) and sometimes movements pieces?
can share the same motive. John Jenkins, Locke, Purcell; fantasias, In Nomine

51. If you were scanning a suite, how could you tell if it was 65. What is the source of dance tunes? The compiler?
French or German? The English Dancing Master; John Playford
French have fanciful titles
66. (373) When did public concerts become available in
52. By 1660 ____ music was almost as strong as the _____. England? France? Germany?
French, Italian 1670; 1725; 1740

53. What is a limited monarchy? What caused the English 67. Summarize Spain's position.
Civil War? (369) Who is Cromwell? Restoration? What Ranked third behind France and England. Wealthiest, most
caused the Glorious Revolution? power, but around 1640 economic decline sending
Rule shared by the king and parliament; Charles I sought too money outside the country and loss of power with
much power; protectorate during the Commonwealth; wars/rebellions.
1660, return of limited monarchy; James II sought too
much power and was replaced 68. (374) SR: What was the atmosphere of the public
concert?
54. (369) What is a masque? Who is a representative Dinner theater
composer?
Miscellaneous entertainment (instrumental music, dancing, 69. (375) What is a zarzuela? Composer?
songs, choruses, costumes, scenery, stage machinery) but Light, mythological play, pastoral setting, sung and spoken
not unified dramas; William Lawes dialogue, ensemble and solo song; Juan Hidalgo

55. What is an English opera? Who are the composers? 70. Who is the famous American composer?
Mixture of spoken drama and masque; Matthew Locke, Tomás de Torrejon y Velasco
Christopher Gibbons
71. Roles were played by ______.
56. What were the only two successful operas? Women
John Blow's Venus and Adonis; Henry Purcell, Dido and
Aeneas 72. What are characteristics?
Strophic, syncopations, harp/guitar/viol accompaniment
57. (370) SR: Make a list of Purcell's works.
Dido and Aeneas, 5 semi-operas, 43 incidental music, 65 73. What are some of the other songs?
anthems, 6 services, many odes, songs, catches, and Romance – 2-4 voices or solo with guitar or harp accomp.
chamber and keyboard music Tonada – solo song

58. (371) What kind of overture does Dido have? What 74. (376) There were masses, but _____ were more popular.
distinguishes the Italian influence? There are ____ They were scored for ______. Their parts were ___.
ground bass arias. Villancicos; one or more choirs, soloists with choir, solo voice
French; arias; three with continuo, vernacular; refrain (estribillo), stanzas
(coplas)
59. What are characteristics of the English air? By the way,
the short-long rhythm is called Lombard rhythm or
Scotch snap (e.g., "Fear no danger to ensue").
Tuneful, diatonic, major key, simple catchy rhythms

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 16

75. (377) What is a tiento? Who is the composer?
Improvisatory piece with imitation; Juan Bautista José
Cabanilles

76. What were the main chamber instruments? What was the
source of their music?
Harp and guitar; dances and variations

77. Another good summary on pp. 377-78.

© 2014, 2009, 2006, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois