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The document provides an overview of Java classes and objects, explaining their roles in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It details the structure of class declarations, the properties of classes, and how to create and manipulate objects within Java programs. Additionally, it includes examples of class implementations and exercises for further practice.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views8 pagesPractical Assignment-2
The document provides an overview of Java classes and objects, explaining their roles in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It details the structure of class declarations, the properties of classes, and how to create and manipulate objects within Java programs. Additionally, it includes examples of class implementations and exercises for further practice.
Uploaded by
shraddha30405Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Experiment No: 2
JAVA program to implement class mechanism. Create a class, methods
and invoke them inside main method
In Java, classes and objects are basic concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) that are used
to represent real-world concepts and entities, The class represents a group of objects having similar
properties and behavior.
Java Classes
A class in Java is a set of objects which shares common characteristics/ behavior and common
properties/ attributes, It is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created, For
example, Student is a class while a particular student named Ravi is an object.
Properties of Java Classes
1. Class is not a real-world entity, It is just a template or blueprint or prototype from which objects
are created,
2. Class does not occupy memory.
3. Class is a group of variables of different data types and a group of methods.
4. AClass in Java can contain:
+ Data member
+ Method
+ Constructor
+ Nested Class
= Interface
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY Class Declaration in Java
access. modifier class
{
data member;
method;
constructor;
nested class;
interface;
}
Components of Java Classes
In general, class declarations can include these components, in order:
Modifiers: A class can be public or has default access (Refer this for details).
2. Glass keyword: class keyword is used to create a class.
3. Class nam
the name should begin with an initial letter (capitalized by convention).
4, Superclass(if any): The name of the class's parent (superclass), if any, preceded by the keyword
extends. A class can only extend (subclass) one parent.
5. Interfaces(if any): A comma-separated list of interfaces implemented by the class, if any, preceded
by the keyword implements. A class can implement more than one interface.
6. Body: The class body is surrounded by braces, { }.
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY Java Objects
An object in Java is a basic unit of Object-Oriented Programming and represents real-life entities,
Objects are the instances of a class that are created to use the attributes and methods of aclass. A typical
Java program creates many objects, which as you know, interact by invoking methods. An object consists,
of:
1. State: It is represented by attributes of an object, Italso reflects the properties of an object.
2. Behavior: It is represented by the methods of an object. It also reflects the response of an object
other objects.
3. Identity: It gives a unique name to an object and enables one object to interact with other objects.
Objects: Real World Examples
Pencil Apple Book
&
Bag Board
Objects correspond to things found in the real world. For example, a graphics program may have
objects such as “circle”, “square”, and “menu’, An online shopping system might have objects
such as “shopping cart’, “customer”, and “product”
Create an Object
In Java, an object is created from a class. We have already created the class named Main, so now
we can use this to create objects.
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY To create an object of Main, specify the class name, followed by the object name, and use the
keyword new:
Example
Create an object called "myObj" and print the value of x:
public class Main {
intx=5;
public static void main(String{] args) {
Main myObj = new Main);
‘System.out printIn(myObj.x);
}
}
Object and Class Example: main within the class
In this example, we have created a Student class which has two data members id and name. We
are creating the object of the Student class by new keyword and printing the object's value.
Here, we are creating a main() method inside the class.
File: Student java
//Java Program to illustrate how to define a class and fields
//Defining a Student class.
class Student{
//defining fields
;//field or data member or instance variable
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY String name;
//creating main method inside the Student class
public static void main(String args[]){
//Creating an object or instance
Student s1=new Student();//creating an object of Student
//Printing values of the object
System.out printIn(s1.id);//accessing member through reference variable
System.out printIn(si.name);
Example-
1, Object and Class Example: Employee
Let's see an example where we are maintaining records of employees.
File: TestEmployee,java
class Employee
int ic
String name;
float salary;
void insert(int i, String n, float s) {
id=i;
name=n;
salary=s;
+
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY void display(){System.out printin(id+" "+name+" “+salary);}
}
public class TestEmployee {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1=new Employee();
Employee e2=new Employee();
Employee e3=new Employee();
el insert(101,"ajeet" 45000);
e2.insert(102,"irfan",25000);
3 insert(103,"nakul",55000);
el.displayQ);
e2.display(;
e3.display(Q);
+
Output:
101 ajeet 45000.0
102 irfan 2500.0
103 nakul 5500.0
Creating multiple objects by one type only
Real World Example: Account
File: TestAccountjava
//Java Program to demonstrate the working of a banking-system
//where we deposit and withdraw amount from our account.
//Creating an Account class which has deposit() and withdraw() methods
class Account{
‘int acc_no;
String name;
float amount;
//Methos to initialize object
void insert(int a String n,float amt){
ace_n
Lab Manual: OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY name=n;
amount=amt;
}
//deposit method
void deposit(float amt){
amount=amount+amt;
System.out printIn(amt+" deposited”
}
//withdraw method
void withdraw(float amt}{
if(amount
