I-6
Example I-1 Composite Beam Design
Given:
A series of 45-ft. span composite beams at 10 ft. o/c are carrying the loads shown below. The beams are ASTM
A992 and are unshored. The concrete has f c = 4 ksi. Design a typical floor beam with 3 in. 18 gage composite deck,
and 4½ in. normal weight concrete above the deck, for fire protection and mass. Select an appropriate beam and
determine the required number of shear studs.
Solution:
Material Properties:
Concrete f c = 4 ksi
Beam Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual
Table 2-3
Loads:
Dead load:
Slab = 0.075 kip/ft2
Beam weight = 0.008 kip/ft2 (assumed)
Miscellaneous = 0.010 kip/ft2 (ceiling etc.)
Live load:
Non-reduced = 0.10 kips/ft2
Since each beam is spaced at 10 ft. o.c.
Total dead load = 0.093 kip/ft2(10 ft.) = 0.93 kips/ft.
Total live load = 0.10 kip/ft2(10ft.) = 1.00 kips/ft.
Construction dead load (unshored) = 0.083 kip/ft2(10 ft) = 0.83 kips/ft
Construction live load (unshored) = 0.020 kip/ft2(10 ft) = 0.20 kips/ft
I-7
Determine the required flexural strength
LRFD ASD
wu = 1.2(0.93 kip/ft) + 1.6(1.0 kip/ft) wa = 0.93 kip/ft + 1.0 kip/ft
= 2.72 kip/ft = 1.93 kip/ft
2.72 kip/ft(45 ft)2 1.93 kip/ft(45 ft)2
Mu = = 687 kip-ft. Ma = = 489 kip-ft.
8 8
Use Tables 3-19, 3-20 and 3-21 from the Manual to select an appropriate member
Determine beff Section
I.3.1.1a
The effective width of the concrete slab is the sum of the effective widths for each side of the
beam centerline, which shall not exceed:
(1) one-eighth of the beam span, center to center of supports
45 ft.
2 = 11.3 ft.
8
(2) one-half the distance to center-line of the adjacent beam
10 ft.
2 = 10.0 ft. Controls
2
(3) the distance to the edge of the slab
Not applicable
Calculate the moment arm for the concrete force measured from the top of the steel shape, Y2.
Assume a = 1.0 in. (Some assumption must be made to start the design process. An assumption
of 1.0 in. has proven to be a reasonable starting point in many design problems.)
Y2 = tslab – a/2 = 7.5 – ½ = 7.0 in.
Enter Manual Table 3-19 with the required strength and Y2=7.0 in. Select a beam and neutral Manual Table
axis location that indicates sufficient available strength. 3-19
Select a W21 as a trial beam.
When PNA location 5 (BFL), this composite shape has an available strength of:
LRFD ASD
bMn= 770 kip-ft > 687 kip-ft o.k. Mn/ b = 512 kip-ft > 489 kip-ft o.k. Manual
Table 3-19
Note that the required PNA location for ASD and LRFD differ. This is because the live to dead
load ratio in this example is not equal to 3. Thus, the PNA location requiring the most shear
transfer is selected to be acceptable for ASD. It will be conservative for LRFD.
I-8
Check the beam deflections and available strength
Check the deflection of the beam under construction, considering only the weight of concrete as
contributing to the construction dead load.
Limit deflection to a maximum of 2.5 in. to facilitate concrete placement.
4
5 wDL l 4 5 0.83 kip/ft 45 ft 1728 in.3 /ft 3
I req 1,060 in.4
384 E 384 29,000 ksi 2.5 in.
From Manual Table 3-20, a W21 50 has Ix = 984 in.4, therefore this member does not satisfy the
deflection criteria under construction.
Using Manual Table 3-20, revise the trial member selection to a W21 55,
which has Ix = 1140 in.4, as noted in parenthesis below the shape designation.
Check selected member strength as an un-shored beam under construction loads assuming
adequate lateral bracing through the deck attachment to the beam flange.
LRFD ASD
Calculate the required strength Calculate the required strength
1.4 DL = 1.4 (0.83 kips/ft) = 1.16 kips/ft DL+LL = 0.83 + 0.20 = 1.03 kips.ft
1.2DL+1.6LL = 1.2 (0.83) + 1.6(0.20)
= 1.32 klf
1.31 kip/ft(45 ft) 2 1.03 kips/ft(45 ft) 2
Mu (unshored) = Ma (unshored) =
8 8
=331 kip-ft = 260 kip-ft
The design strength for a The allowable strength for a
W21 55 is 473 kip-ft > 331 kip-ft o.k. W21 55 is 314 kip-ft > 260 kip-ft o.k.
For a W21 55 with Y2=7.0 in, the member has sufficient available strength when the PNA is at Manual
location 6 and Qn = 292 kips. Table 3-19
LRFD ASD
bMn=767 kip-ft > 687 kip-ft o.k. Mn/ b = 510 kip-ft > 489 kip-ft o.k. Manual
Table 3-19
Check a
Qn 292 kips
a= = = 0.716 in.
0.85 f c'b 0.85(4 ksi)(10 ft.)(12 in./ft.)
0.716 in. < 1.0 in. assumed o.k.
Check live load deflection
LL < l/360 = ((45 ft.)(12 in./ft))/360 = 1.5 in.
A lower bound moment of inertia for composite beams is tabulated in
Manual Table 3-20.
I-9
For a W21 55 with Y2=7.0 and the PNA at location 6, ILB = 2440 in.4 Manual Table
3-20
4
5 wLLl 4 5 1.0 kip/ft 45 ft 1728 in.3 /ft 3
LL 1.30 in.
384 EI LB 384 29,000 ksi 2440 in.4
1.30 in. < 1.5 in. o.k.
Determine if the beam has sufficient available shear strength
LRFD ASD
45ft 45ft Manual
Vu= 2.72kip/ft = 61.2 kips Va = 1.93kip/ft = 43.4 kips Table 3-3
2 2
Vn= 234 kips > 61.2 kips o.k. Vn/ = 156 kips > 43.4 kips o.k.
Determine the required number of shear stud connectors
Using perpendicular deck with one ¾-in. diameter weak stud per rib in normal weight 4 ksi Manual Table
concrete. Qn = 17.2 kips/stud 3-21
Qn 292 kips
= = 17, on each side of the beam. Section 3.2d(5)
Qn 17.2 kips
Total number of shear connectors; use 2(17) = 34 shear connectors. Section 3.2d(6)
Check the spacing of shear connectors
Since each flute is 12 in., use one stud every flute, starting at each support, and proceed for 17
studs on each end of the span.
Section
6dstud < 12 in. < 8tslab , therefore, the shear stud spacing requirements are met. I3.2c (b)
The studs are to be 5 in. long, so that they will extend a minimum of 12 in. into slab.
