1. Descriptive Analytics – "Kya Hua Tha?
"
Descriptive analytics ka kaam hota hai past data ko summarize karna, yaani jo ho chuka hai
uska report banana.
Kya karta hai?
Past events ka overview deta hai
Trends, patterns aur performance ko dikhata hai
Bas report banata hai, koi decision ya recommendation nahi deta
Tools aur Techniques:
Excel charts & tables
Dashboards (like Power BI, Tableau)
Pivot tables, graphs, averages, totals, counts, percentages
Example:
Ek shop ka monthly sales report: kis month mein kitna becha
Website traffic: har din kitne log aaye
Exam result summary: kitne log pass hue, kitne fail hue
Use Case:
Company ne 1 saal mein kitna profit kamaya — bas uska report banaya jaata hai
Kisi marketing campaign ka performance dekhna
2. Diagnostic Analytics – "Kyun Hua?"
Diagnostic analytics batata hai ki koi cheez kyun hui — jaise ki agar sale kam hui toh uske
reasons kya the.
Kya karta hai?
Root cause analysis karta hai (problem ka asli reason dhoondta hai)
Past data ko deeply analyse karta hai
“What happened” se ek step aage — “Why it happened?”
Tools aur Techniques:
Drill-down analysis
Data mining
Correlation analysis (kaunse factors ek doosre se linked hain?)
Hypothesis testing
Example:
Agar ek shop ka sale April mein down gaya — diagnostic analytics dekhega:
o Kya us month mein ads kam the?
o Weather kharab tha?
o Competitor ne discount diya tha?
Use Case:
Hospital mein agar kisi ward mein zyada patients admit ho rahe hain, toh reasons
dhoondhna
Employee attrition (resignation) ka analysis — kyun log job chhod rahe hain?
3. Predictive Analytics – "Aage Kya Ho Sakta Hai?"
Predictive analytics ka kaam hota hai past data ko use karke future ke trends ya outcomes ka
guess lagana — lekin yeh educated guess hota hai, data ke base par.
Kya karta hai?
Future ke events ko predict karta hai
Machine learning aur statistical models ka use karta hai
100% accurate nahi hota, but kaafi useful hota hai
Tools aur Techniques:
Regression analysis
Decision trees
Time series forecasting
Machine learning models (like linear regression, random forest, etc.)
Example:
Amazon suggest karta hai ki aap next kya kharid sakte ho — based on your past orders
Weather forecast apps batate hain ki kal baarish hogi ya nahi
Bank predict karta hai ki koi customer loan repay karega ya default karega
Use Case:
Inventory management: kis season mein kya product zyada bikega
Healthcare: ek patient ke future mein bimaar padne ke chances kya hain
4. Prescriptive Analytics – "Kya Karna Chahiye?"
Prescriptive analytics batata hai ki "ab aapko kya step lena chahiye" — yaani action-oriented
advice deta hai.
Kya karta hai?
Predictive analytics ke upar based hota hai
Batata hai ki best decision kya hoga, aur kaunsa action lene se best outcome milega
Simulations aur optimization ka use karta hai
Tools aur Techniques:
Optimization algorithms (linear programming, etc.)
Simulation modeling
Advanced AI/ML models
Scenario analysis (what-if situations)
Example:
Zomato ya Swiggy ka app suggest karta hai ki delivery ke liye best route kya hoga
Airline ticket price kab lowest hoga, aur kab book karna chahiye
Business ke liye: agar demand badhne wali hai, toh stock increase karna chahiye ya nahi?
Use Case:
Supply chain: kaunsa route sabse sasta aur fast hoga
Marketing: kaunsa ad campaign run karna chahiye for best ROI
