Computer Science
GRADE 8
HTML
Heading Tags
Any document starts with a heading. You can use different sizes for your headings.
HTML also has six levels of headings, which use the elements <h1>, <h2>, <h3>,
<h4>, <h5>, and <h6>. While displaying any heading, browser adds one line before
and one line after that heading.
Output:
Paragraph Tag
The <p> tag offers a way to structure your text into different paragraphs. Each
paragraph of text should go in between an opening <p> and a closing </p>
tag as shown below in the example:
Line Break Tag
Whenever you use the <br /> element, anything following it starts from the
next line. This tag is an example of an empty element, where you do not need
opening and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
Centering Content
You can use <center> tag to put any content in the center of the page or any
table cell.
Horizontal Lines
Horizontal lines are used to visually break-up sections of a document. The
<hr> tag creates a line from the current position in the document to the right
margin and breaks the line accordingly.
Again <hr /> tag is an example of the empty element, where you do not need opening and closing
tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
HTML – FORMATTING
Bold Text
Anything that appears within <b>...</b> element, is displayed in bold.
Italic Text
Anything that appears within <i>...</i> element is displayed in italicized.
Underlined Text
Anything that appears within <u>...</u> element, is displayed with underline.
Strike Text
Anything that appears within <strike>...</strike> element is displayed with
strikethrough, which is a thin line through the text.
Superscript Text
The content of a <sup>...</sup> element is written in superscript; the font size used is
the same size as the characters surrounding it but is displayed half a character's height
above the other characters.
Subscript Text
The content of a <sub>...</sub> element is written in subscript; the font size used is
the same as the characters surrounding it, but is displayed half a character's height
beneath the other characters.
Larger Text
The content of the <big>...</big> element is displayed one font size larger than the
rest of the text surrounding.
Other tags:– FORMATTING
HTML Images Syntax
The HTML <img> tag is used to embed an image in a web page.
Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages.
The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.
The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.
The <img> tag has two required attributes:
src - Specifies the path to the image
alt - Specifies an alternate text for the image
Syntax
<img src="url" alt="alternatetext">
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute provides an alternate text for an image, if the user for some reason
cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a
screen reader).
The value of the alt attribute should describe the image:
Example
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
HTML Links
HTML Links - Hyperlinks
HTML links are hyperlinks.
You can click on a link and jump to another document.
When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little
hand.
HTML Links - Syntax
The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. It has the following syntax:
<a href="url">link text</a>
Example
This example shows how to create a link to W3Schools.com:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools.com!</a>
