1) In a chemistry experiment, a liquid is heated and its 3) A meteorologist is using a weather balloon to

temperature observed. The graph shows the measure the air temperature at high altitudes. At the
൦ time of the measurement, the air temperature at sea
temperature of the liquid, 𝑇 𝐶, 𝑡 minutes after the
experiment starts, up to the end of the experiment. level was approximately 21°C, and the air
temperature at an altitude of 4.0 km was
approximately −5°C.
a) Find an approximate linear formula for the air
temperature at an altitude of 𝑥 kilometers. State the
dependent variable and independent variable in a
context of a question.
b) How quickly is the air temperature decreasing with
an altitude?

4) Nina and her Theatre Studies group are presenting a

show at the Iowa Festival Fringe. Nina is in charge of
publicity and needs to order leaflets to advertise their
show. A local printer quotes her “$40 to set up and 2
a) State the dependent variable and independent cents for every leaflet”.
variable in a context of a question. a) Write down the cost function in the form
b) State the length of the experiment. 𝐶(𝑝) = 𝑚𝑝 + 𝑐, where 𝑝 is the number of leaflets
c) Write down the initial temperature of the liquid. and 𝐶(𝑝) is the total cost of printing them.
d) Estimate the rate of change of the temperature of b) What is the cost of 600 leaflets?
the liquid.
e) Suggest the linear formula to model the variable 𝑇 She finds a printer on the Internet who will charge
in terms of 𝑡. her $32 as an initial cost, then 3 cents for every
leaflet.
A different chemistry experiment lasts 8 minutes. A
liquid is heated and its temperature rises at a c) Write down the cost function for the second printer
constant rate. The initial temperature of the liquid is in the form 𝐷(𝑝) = 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑏.
൦ ൦
40 𝐶 and the final temperature is 320 𝐶. d) If the bill from the online printer is $77, how many
leaflets did Nimmi order?
f) Find the formula for 𝑇 terms of 𝑡 for this e) What is the break-even point where the two printers
experiment. charge the same?

2) Hannah's electricity company charges her $0.11 per 5) A company that makes staplers has fixed costs of
kWh (kilowatt-hour) of electricity, plus a basic 7500 zł. Production of each stapler costs 5 zł and it is
connection charge of $15.00 per month. sold for 12.50 zł.
a) Write down a linear function that models her a) Write down the cost function in terms of 𝑥 , where
monthly electricity bill as a function of electricity 𝑥 is the number of staplers produced.
usage. State the dependent variable and b) Write down the revenue function (the amount
independent variable in a context of a question. earned from selling the staplers, cost is not
b) Interpret the meaning of 𝑦-intercept and gradient. included).
c) How much Hannah will pay for the electricity in c) Find the point at which the company starts to make
May, if she used 1000 kWh? a profit.
d) How much electricity Hannah used in May, if she d) What is the profit when the company makes 2400
needs to pay $279. staplers?
e) Write down the profit function in terms of 𝑥, the
number of staplers produced.
6) Peter left town A at the same time, as Mark left town 9) A new laptop battery has a maximum charge of 5000
B and they both are traveling to town C, where they mAh (milliampere hour, a unit measuring charge or
stop. Peter is traveling with a constant speed of 22.5 electricity). After three months of use, the maximum
km/h and Mark with constant speed 15 km/h. charge of the battery has decreased to 4625 mAh.
a) How quickly is the maximum charge of the battery
decreasing?
b) Write down the linear function, which describes the
change of maximum charge of the battery in terms
a) Write down the formula for a function 𝑓, which
of times in months.
describes how far from town C Peter is based on
c) At this rate, what will the maximum charge of the
time. State the domain of this function.
battery be after five months?
b) Write down the formula for a function ℎ, which
d) The manufacturer recommends replacing the
describes how far from town C Mark is, based on
battery once the maximum charge decreases to
time. State the domain of this function.
2500 mAh. When will this occur?
c) When did Mark and Peter meet for the first time?
d) By how much, should Mark increase his average
10) An environmental scientist is measuring the effect of
speed, so that boys meet in town C for the first
a recent oil spill on a nearby lake. Three days after
time.
the spill, the concentration of hydrocarbons
(węglowodory) in the lake is approximately 5000
7) A cyclist (John) traveled from town A to town B,
ppm (the mass of a chemical per unit volume of
which are 40 km apart, with constant speed 16 km/h.
water.). Five days after the spill, the concentration
At the same time, another cyclist (Kit) left town B,
has increased to approximately 7600 ppm.
and with the same constant speed traveled to town A.
a) How quickly is the concentration of hydrocarbons
a) Express the distance from town A of each cyclist in
in the lake increasing?
terms of time.
b) Find an approximate linear formula for the
b) Calculate the distance of the first cyclist from A
concentration of hydrocarbons in the lake after 𝑡
after 2.5 h. Write down the domain of a function,
days.
which describes his distance from town A.
c) Interpret the 𝑦-intercept.
c) Evaluate after what time both cyclists are in equal
distance from town A.
d) Write down the formula, which describes the
distance between cyclists. After what time, the
distance is 8 km?

8) Roger has a house in Telluride, Colorado, but starts a

new job in Denver. Every Monday, he drives his car
332 km from Telluride to Denver, spends the week in
a company apartment, and then drives back to
Telluride on Friday (assume he doesn't use his car for
anything else since he started a new job). After 20
weeks of this, his odometer shows that he has
traveled 240 218 km since he bought the car.
a) Write a linear model which gives the odometer
reading of the car as a function of the number of
weeks since Roger started the new job.
b) Explain in context of this question, the meaning of
slope and 𝑦-intercept.
c) Calculate how kilometers the odometer shows after
1 year (1 year = 52 weeks, approximately).
 Answers
1. a) independent variable - time in minutes, 8. a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 664𝑥 + 226938
൦ b) 𝑦-intercept is the initial odometer reading,
dependent variable - temperature in 𝐶
b) 10 minutes slope is the number of kilometers by which the
൦ odometer reading increases per week
c) 20 𝐶
c) 261 466 km
d) 30
e) 𝑇 = 30𝑡 + 20
9. a) 125 mAh per month
f) 𝑇 = 35𝑡 + 40
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5000 − 125𝑥
c) 𝑓(5) = 4375
2. a) independent variable - electricity used,
d) after 20 month / after 1 year and 8 month
dependent variable - monthly electricity bill
𝑓(𝑥) = 0. 11𝑥 + 15
10. a) 1300 ppm per one day
b) 𝑦- intercept is basic connection charge, gradient
b) 𝑓(𝑡) = 1300𝑡 + 1100
in the cost by which the bill increase for every
c) the initial concentration of hydrocarbons
additional kilowatt-hour of electricity
(before the oil spill)
c) $125
d) 2400 kWh
.

3. a) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 6. 5𝑥 + 21
b) for each kilometer the temperature decreases by
6.5 degrees

4. a) 𝐶(𝑝) = 0. 02𝑝 + 40
b) $52
c) 𝐷(𝑝) = 0. 03𝑝 + 32
d) 1500
e) for 800 leaflet they both charge $56

5. a) 𝐶(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 7500
b) 𝑅(𝑥) = 12. 5𝑥
c) if the produce more than 1000 staplers
d) 10 500
e) 𝑃(𝑥) = 7, 5𝑥 − 7500

6. a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 135 − 22. 5𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ [0, 6]

b) ℎ(𝑥) = 105 − 15𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ [0, 7]
c) after 4 hours
d) Mark speed to reach town C after 6 h must be
17.5 km/h, so he must increase it by 2.5 km/h

7. a) John 𝑓(𝑥) = 16𝑥

Kit ℎ(𝑥) = 40 − 16𝑥
b) 𝑓(2. 5) = 40, hence the domain 𝑥 ≤ 2. 5
c) ater 1.25 h
d) 𝑑(𝑥) = |40 − 32𝑥|, the distance between
them is 8 km after 1 h and 1.5 h