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Basic Logic Gates

This laboratory exercise focuses on basic logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, with objectives to identify their functions, construct truth tables, and implement circuits. Students will use various hardware components to create circuits on a breadboard and verify outputs against theoretical truth tables. The exercise includes questions for deeper understanding and requires submission of completed truth tables, wiring diagrams, and observation sheets.

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Joseph Acebo
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9 views4 pages

Basic Logic Gates

This laboratory exercise focuses on basic logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, with objectives to identify their functions, construct truth tables, and implement circuits. Students will use various hardware components to create circuits on a breadboard and verify outputs against theoretical truth tables. The exercise includes questions for deeper understanding and requires submission of completed truth tables, wiring diagrams, and observation sheets.

Uploaded by

Joseph Acebo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Laboratory Exercise No.

3: Logic Gates
I. Title
Basic Logic Gates and Their Operations

II. Objectives
1. Identify and describe the function of basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR,
XNOR).
2. Construct truth tables for each logic gate.
3. Implement logic gate circuits using physical ICs.
4. Verify theoretical truth tables with practical outputs.

III. Equipment and Materials


Hardware:

• Breadboard
• IC Chips (74xx Series): 7408 (AND), 7432 (OR), 7404 (NOT), 7400 (NAND), 7402 (NOR),
7486 (XOR)
• Resistors (330Ω)
• LEDs
• Jumper wires
• Power supply (5V DC)

IV. Background
Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits. Each gate performs a basic Boolean
function:
- AND: Output is HIGH only if all inputs are HIGH.
- OR: Output is HIGH if any input is HIGH.
- NOT: Output is the inverse of the input.
- NAND, NOR: Inverted forms of AND and OR.
- XOR: Output is HIGH when inputs are different.
- XNOR: Output is HIGH when inputs are the same.
V. Procedure

Part A: Truth Table Construction


1. Create a truth table for each logic gate with 2 inputs (A, B) and 1 output (Y).
2. Record all possible input combinations and their corresponding outputs.

Part B: Circuit Implementation


1. Connect the circuit on a breadboard.
2. Apply all possible input combinations for each gate (00, 01, 10, 11).
3. Observe and record outputs using LEDs or simulation output indicators.

VI. Expected Truth Tables


Inputs AND OR NOT A NAND NOR XOR XNOR
00 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
01 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

VII. Observation Table


Inputs (A,B) Measured Output Expected Output Remarks

VIII. Questions
1. What happens to the output of an AND gate if one input is always LOW?

2. Which gate is called the universal gate? Why?

3. How can you implement an OR gate using NAND gates only?

4. Explain the difference between XOR and XNOR gates in terms of functionality and
application.

IX. Submission Requirements


• Completed truth tables.
• Wiring diagram
• Answers to the questions.
• Observation sheet with actual readings.
Logic Gate Symbols
Below are the standard symbols for basic logic gates used in digital circuits:

IC Pin Configurations (74xx Series)

Below are the IC pin configurations for commonly used logic gates:

• 7408 - Quad 2-Input AND Gate

• 7432 - Quad 2-Input OR Gate

• 7404 - Hex Inverter (NOT Gate)


• 7400 - Quad 2-Input NAND Gate

• 7402 - Quad 2-Input NOR Gate

• 7486 - Quad 2-Input XOR Gate

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