UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

NAGERCOIL
(ANNA UNIVERSITY CONSTITUENT COLLEGE ) KONAM,
NAGERCOIL – 629 004

RECORD NOTE BOOK

DATA ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS MODELLING - BA4212

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 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING NAGERCOIL
( ANNA UNIVERSITY CONSTITUENT COLLEGE )
KONAM, NAGERCOIL – 629 004

Register No :

Certified that, this is the bonafide record of the work done by

Mr /Ms. ….………………………………………….……........... of II Semester in
Master of Business Administration of this college, in the BA4212 - Data Analysis
and Business Modelling Laboratory during academic year 2024 –2025 in partial
fulfilment of the requirements of the M.B.A. Degree course of the Anna University
Chennai.

Staff-in-charge Head of the Department

This record is submitted for the University Practical Examination held on

……………………………….

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 SYLLABUS

BA4212 DATA ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS MODELLING LTPC 0 0 4 2

COURSE OBJECTIVE
To have hands-on experience on decision modeling

COURSE OUTCOME
Knowledge of spreadsheets and data analysis software for business modeling

Business models studied in theory to be practiced using Spreadsheet / Analysis Software

S.No. Exp. No. Details of experiments Duratio

1 1 Descriptive Statistics 4
n
2 2 Hypothesis - Parametric 4
3 3 Hypothesis – Non-parametric 4
4 4 Correlation & Regression 4
5 5 Forecasting 4
6 - Extended experiment – 1 4
7 6 Portfolio Selection 4
8 7 Risk Analysis & Sensitivity Analysis 4
9 8 Revenue Management 4
10 - Extended experiment – 2 4
11 9 Transportation & Assignment 4
12 10 Networking Models 4
13 11 Queuing Theory 4
14 12 Inventory Models 4
15 - Extended experiments – 3 4

 Spreadsheet Software and Data Analysis Tools TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS
1. David M. Levine et al, “Statistics for Managers using MS Excel’ (6th Edition) Pearson, 2010
2. David R. Anderson, et al, ‘An Introduction to Management Sciences: Quantitative approaches to
Decision Making, (13th edition) South-Western College Pub, 2011.
3. Hansa Lysander Manohar, “Data Analysis and Business Modelling using MS Excel “, PHI Learning
private Ltd, 2017.
4. William J. Stevenson, Ceyhun Ozgur, ‘Introduction to Management Science with Spreadsheet Tata
McGraw Hill, 2009.
5. Wayne L. Winston, Microsoft Excel 2010: Data Analysis & Business Modeling, 3rd edition, Microsoft
Press, 2011.
6. Vikas Gupta, Comdex Business Accounting with MS Excel, 2010 and Tally ERP 9.0 Course Kit, Wiley
India, 2012
7. Kiran Pandya and Smriti Bulsari, SPSS in simple steps, Dreamtech, 2011

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 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Exp. Page Date Sign

Experiment Name
No. No
MS EXCEL
Descriptive Descriptive Analysis in 03/03/2025
1.
Statistics Excel
Revenue Financial Calculations 03/03/2025
2.
Management in Excel
Moving Average 05/03/2025
3.
Method
Forecasting
Exponential Smoothing 05/03/2025
4.
Method
SPSS
Creating New Data Set 24/03/2025
5. and Computing
Descriptive Variable
6. Statistics Importing Data Set 24/03/2025
Frequency, Central 02/04/2025
7.
Tendency & Dispersion
8. One Sample T-Test 02/04/2025
Independent Sample T- 07/04/2025
9. Hypothesis - Test
Parametric
10. One way ANOVA 07/04/2025
11. Chi-Square Test 21/04/2025
Correlation 21/04/2025
Correlation &
12. &
Regression Analysis
Regression
Kolmogorov – Smirnov 23/04/2025
13.
Test
14. Hypothesis – Mann –Whitney Test 23/04/2025
Non- (Two Independent Test)
parametric Kruskal Wallis (K – 26/04/2025
15. Independent Sample
Test)

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 TORA & POM
Assignment Problem 30/04/2025
16.
Using POM
Linear Programming 10/03/2025
17.
Using TORA
Simplex Method Using 10/03/2025
18.
TORA
Big M Method Using 12/03/2025
19.
TORA
Dual Simplex Method 12/03/2025
20.
Using TORA
Transportation
21. & Assignment Duality Method Using 17/03/2025
TORA
Two-Phase Method 17/03/2025
22.
Using TORA
North West Corner 26/04/2025
23.
Method Using TORA
Least Cost Method 28/04/2025
24.
Using TORA
Vogel’s 28/04/2025
25. Approximation
Method Using TORA
Project planning in 30/04/2025
26.
CPM
27. Game theory 05/05/2025
Break Even & Cost 05/05/2025
28.
Volume Analysis
29. Networking Net Present Value – 07/05/2025
Models Internal Rate of Return
ABC Analysis – 07/05/2025
30.
Always Better Control
31. Queuing Theory 12/05/2025
Economic Order 12/05/2025
32.
Quantity Model

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MS EXCEL

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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Ex. No.: 01 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS IN EXCEL
Date : 03/03/2025

Problem:
The operating cost of the vehicle used by your company’s sales people are too high. The major
component of the operating expense is fuel cost. To analyze fuel costs, you collect mileage data from the
company’s two wheelers for the previous month.

MPL 27 29 33 21 21 12 16 25 8 17 24 34 38 15 19 41

Using excel sheet for the estimates, bring out the following solutions.
i) Summary Statistics ii) Histogram Analysis iii) Rank and Percentile Analysis

Aim:
To make a Descriptive Analysis, Histogram and Rank & Percentile Analysis for the given data using
MS-Excel.

Algorithm:
Start All Programs Microsoft Excel
Data Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics
Data Data Analysis Histogram
Data Data Analysis Rank and Percentile

Procedure:
1. Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel and enter the data given.
2. In the menu bar go to Data menu and select the sub menu Data Analysis.
3. Select Descriptive Statistics from the box and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
4. Select Histogram from the box and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
5. Select Rank and Percentile from the box and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.

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Output:

Descriptive Statistics

Histogram Analysis

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Rank and Percentile Analysis

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Result:
Thus the descriptive statistical analysis for the given data was executed and the result was verified
successfully using MS-Excel software.

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 FINANCIAL & REVENUE MANAGEMENT
Ex. No.: 02 FINANCIAL CALCULATIONS IN EXCEL
Date : 03/03/2025

Problems:
i) Suppose we have availed a loan of Rs.1,00,000/- that is to be paid off in 48 monthly installments
of Rs.3,000/- each. Find out the rate of interest charged on this loan.
ii) You deposit Rs.1,000 in the beginning of every month in your bank account. The bank pays
12% annual rate. Find out how much money will be in your account at the end of 24 months if
it compounds (a) Every month (b) Quarterly & (c) Half yearly.
iii) You expect to receive Rs.800/- every month over next 24 months. If the current discount rate is
12% per annum. What is the present value of these future payments?
iv) You can afford only Rs.500/- per month. If you are crediting this amount in a bank that pays an
annual interest of 12% compounded monthly. How long will it take for your investment to
accumulate Rs.50,000?
v) You are expected to get 5 monthly payments of Rs.500, 900, 550, 478, 950 respectively at the
discount rate of 10% per annum. Find the Net Present Value(NPV).
vi) Assume that an initial investment of Rs.1,00,000, results in 12 annual cash inflows as given
below.

3200 5000 3000 2000 2400 6000 4000 6450 7690 6550 6500 2200

Find the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).

Using MS-excel for calculation bring out the solutions for the above problems.

Aim:
To solve the given time value of money problems using financial analysis functions with MS-excel
financial analysis tools.

Algorithm:
Start – All Programs – Microsoft Excel
i) Interest Rate:
Formulas – Financial – RATE
ii) Future Value:
Formulas – Financial – FV
iii) Present Value:
Formulas – Financial – PV
iv) Number of period:
Formulas – Financial –NPER
v) Net Present Value:
Formulas – Financial –NPV
vi) Internal rate of return:
Formulas – Financial – IR

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Output:

i) RATE:

Answer: 1.60%

ii) FV:
a) Monthly Compounding

Answer: Rs.27243.20
b) Quarterly Compounding

Answer: Rs.9159.10

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Procedure:

To find Interest Rate:

i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.
iii) Select RATE from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
iv) End.
To find the Future Value:
i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.
iii) Select FV from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
iv) End.
To find the Present value:
i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.
iii) Select PV from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
iv) End.
To find the calculation of EMI:
i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.
iii) Select NPER (number of period) from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data
ranges then click OK.
iv) End.
To find Net Present Value:
i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.
iii) Select NPV from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
iv) End.
To find Internal Rate of Return:
i) Open a spreadsheet in MS-Excel.
ii) In the menu bar go to Formulas menu and select the Financial sub menu.

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 c) Half-yearly Compounding

Answer: Rs.4637.09
iii) PV:

Answer: Rs.16994.70
iv) NPER:

Answer: 69.66 months

v) NPV:

Answer: Rs.2527.93

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 iii) Select IRR from the dropdown list and give the corresponding data ranges then click OK.
iv) End.

Syntax:
Function (rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type] )
 rate A constant interest rate which you want to use in the calculation.
 nper Number of payments.
 pmt A constant payment amount to pay periodically throughout the investment time.
 [pv] The present value of future payments. It must be entered as a negative value. 0 if omitted.
 [type] A number to specify when payment is due. 0 = at the end of the period and 1 = at the
beginning of the period.

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vi) IRR:

Answer: 7.66%

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Result:
Thus the financial analysis functions for the given time value of money problems were executed
successfully using MS-Excel software.

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 FORECASTING
Ex. No.: 03 MOVING AVERAGE METHOD
Date : 05/03/2025

Problem:
The company’s actual sale of the year 2017 is given below. Forecast the sales of a company for the
month Jan 2018 using moving average method.

Month Actual Sales

January 100000
February 106671
March 102617
April 103951
May 113787
June 115267
July 108058
August 109463
September 110886
October 112327
November 101300
December 115267

Aim:
To forecast the sales for the next month using moving average method with the help of MS-Excel
in built Data Analysis functions.

Algorithm:
Data – Data Analysis – Moving Average

Procedure:
1) Open the MS-Excel.
2) Insert the given data – one column with the number of months and the others with the demand
Go to DataData AnalysisMoving Average.
3) Moving average dialogue box appears.
 In that dialogue box, select the input range. The input range is the entire demand from 1 st
month till the 12th month.
 In the interval box, enter the number of period you are asked to move (moving average
value).
 In the output box, select 2 cells next to the demand data.
4) The output will be displayed.
5) Select the chart output and click OK.

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Output:

Forecast for the Jan 2000 = 109631

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Result:
Thus the forecasting for the Sales of January 2000 is calculated using moving average and it was verified
successfully using MS-Excel software.

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 FORECASTING
Ex. No.: 04 EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD
Date : 05/03/2025

Problem:

Forecast the sales of a company using Exponential Smoothing method. Take alpha value as 0.2
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sales 1050 1120 980 1100 1200 900 1040 990 1200 1190 1170

Aim:
To forecast the sales of a company with the given data using Exponential Smoothing function in
MS-Excel.

Algorithm:
Data – Data Analysis – Exponential Smoothing

Procedure:
1. Enter the observation given in the problem.
2. Click the data option and then click data analysis and then choose exponential smoothing method.
3. Table will appear in which enter the input range, damping value and provide the output range.
4. Select the chart output for obtaining chart result.
5. Finally the required forecast data is obtained by the exponential smoothing method.

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Output:

Forecast for the Next Month = 1108

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Result:
Thus the forecast of sales for a company with the given data was done using exponential smoothing
method and the output was verified successfully using MS-Excel software.

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 SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences)

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Ex. No.: 05 CREATING NEW DATA SET AND COMPUTING VARIABLE IN SPSS
Date : 24/03/2025

Problem:
Generate a data set with the following information.

S.NO NAME AGE GENDER MARKS

1 Raj 17 Male 410
2 Aji 15 Male 400
3 Raji 16 Female 350
4 Rani 15 Female 425
5 Aswin 17 Male 450
6 Ramu 16 Male 300
7 Renuga 15 Female 450

Aim:
To create our own data set, perform data editing and compute variable function in SPSS software.

Algorithm:
All Programs – SPSS – Select Type in data & press OK.

Procedure:
Creating a new data set:
1) Open SPSS software.
2) Click the variable view and define the variable under name.
3) Select the type which is suitable for the variables.
4) Assign the width and decimal value.
5) Give the suitable measure – Nominal, Ordinal and Scale.
6) Click the data view. The variable would be displayed there. Enter the data given the column.
7) Select Analyze then Reports and choose Summarize cases. Now put the Name, Age and Total marks
in the Variables and put the Gender in Grouping variables.
8) Click OK and the output will be displayed.

Compute Variables

1. Follow the procedure as in the “creating new data set” for entering the data.
2. Click transform and then compute variables and in the “Target value” give the name as
“Averagemark” without space.
3. Select the option “Total Mark” then put mark/5 to find the average click OK.

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Output:

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 4. Select Analyze then Reports and choose Summarize cases. Now put the Name, Gender, Marks and
Average Mark in the variable and click OK.
5. The output is displayed.

Result:
Thus the new data set was created, the variables were computed and the outputs were verified
successfully using SPSS software.

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Ex. No.: 06 IMPORTING DATA SET IN SPSS
Date : 24/03/2025
Problem:
Create a data set in MS-Excel with the following information and import the data set to SPSS.
CASTE GENDER HEIGHT WEIGHT BMI
1 1 137.8 30 5.3
2 1 131.5 30 5
4 2 132.8 32 5.7
1 1 139.8 30 5.5
2 2 136.7 30 5.7
5 2 138.6 30 5.2
4 2 139.5 30 5.3
2 1 124.4 24 4.6
1 1 125.5 23 4.5
3 2 126.6 24 4.5
2 1 128 24 4.4
1 2 129 25 4.4
1 2 130 22 4.7
2 1 129.5 24 4.6
2 2 129.5 23 4.5
2 2 130 24 4.5
4 1 128.5 24 4.4
5 1 133 24 5
4 1 130.6 26 4.7
2 2 137.8 30 5.3
2 1 137.8 30 5.5
2 2 130.2 30 5.7
5 1 135.6 29 5.2
1 1 137.8 30 5.3
3 2 131.8 30 5
2 2 132.8 32 5.7
3 1 139 30 5.5
1 2 136.7 30 5.7
5 2 138.6 30 5.2
4 1 138.5 30 5.3
3 2 124.4 24 4.6
5 1 125.5 23 4.5
1 1 126.3 24 4.5
4 2 128 24 4.4
2 1 129 25 4.4
5 2 130 22 4.7
4 1 129.5 24 4.6
2 1 130 23 4.5
1 1 126 24 4.5
3 2 128.5 24 4.4

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Output:

Data view in SPSS

Variable view in SPSS

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Aim:
To import the data set from MS-Excel to SPSS.

Algorithm:
All Programs – SPSS – Type in data & press OK.
In menu bar – File – Open – Data – select the excel file.

Procedure:
1. In Data view, go to menu bar select File menu and Open – Data.
2. Open excel file : spss exp.data.xls from your drive (from where it is saved).
3. Now you can work with your excel data file in SPSS.
4. Go to variable view and make data edit, define the variables, labels and measures.
5. Now your data is ready for the application of statistical tools.
6. Finally save it in the name: spssdata.sav in your drive.

Result:
Thus the data has imported from MS-Excel to SPSS successfully.

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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Ex. No.: 07 FREQUENCIES, CENTRAL TENDENCY & DISPERSION
Date : 02/04/2025

Problem:
Find frequency, central tendency & dispersion for the given data.
CASTE GENDER HEIGHT WEIGHT BMI
1 1 137.8 30 5.3
2 1 131.5 30 5
4 2 132.8 32 5.7
1 1 139.8 30 5.5
2 2 136.7 30 5.7
5 2 138.6 30 5.2
4 2 139.5 30 5.3
2 1 124.4 24 4.6
1 1 125.5 23 4.5
3 2 126.6 24 4.5
2 1 128 24 4.4
1 2 129 25 4.4
1 2 130 22 4.7
2 1 129.5 24 4.6
2 2 129.5 23 4.5
2 2 130 24 4.5
4 1 128.5 24 4.4
5 1 133 24 5
4 1 130.6 26 4.7
2 2 137.8 30 5.3
2 1 137.8 30 5.5
2 2 130.2 30 5.7
5 1 135.6 29 5.2
1 1 137.8 30 5.3
3 2 131.8 30 5
2 2 132.8 32 5.7
3 1 139 30 5.5
1 2 136.7 30 5.7
5 2 138.6 30 5.2
4 1 138.5 30 5.3
3 2 124.4 24 4.6
5 1 125.5 23 4.5
1 1 126.3 24 4.5
4 2 128 24 4.4
2 1 129 25 4.4
5 2 130 22 4.7
4 1 129.5 24 4.6
2 1 130 23 4.5
1 1 126 24 4.5
3 2 128.5 24 4.4

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Output:

Frequency Analysis

Central Tendency

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Aim:
To do frequency analysis, measure central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode & Sum) and measure
dispersion (Std. deviation, Range, Variance, Minimum & Maximum).

Algorithm:
1) Open the file: spssdata.sav in SPSS.
2) Frequency analysis
Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies & press OK.
3) Central Tendency
Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies – Click Statistics & select Mean, Median,
Mode and Sum then press OK.
4) Dispersion
Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies – Statistics & select Std. deviation, Range,
Variance, Minimum and Maximum then press OK.

Procedure:
 Use the file spssdata.sav as data for this experiment.
i) Frequency analysis
Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies.
Insert the variable ‘Caste’ and select chart and click continue.
Press OK.

ii) Central Tendency

Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies.
Insert the variable ‘Height’ then click Statistics.
Select Mean, Median, Mode and Sum then press OK.

iii) Dispersion
Analyze menu – Descriptive statistics – Frequencies.
Insert the variable ‘Height’ then click Statistics.
Select Std. deviation, Range, Variance, Minimum and Maximum then press OK.

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Dispersion

Central Tendency Dispersion

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Result:
Thus the frequency analysis, central tendency and dispersion were estimated and it was verified
successfully in SPSS software.

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 HYPOTHESIS - PARAMETRIC
Ex. No.: 08 ONE SAMPLE T-TEST
Date : 02/04/2025

Problem:
Check the average height of candidates in the data set is equal to 130cm.
Aim:
To find out the average height of men and women is equal to 130cm using one sample T-test.

Hypothesis:
H 0: The average height is equal to 130cm
H 1: The average height is not equal to 130cm.

Algorithm:
Open the file: spssdata.sav in SPSS
Analyze menu – Compare means – One Sample T-test & press OK.

Procedure:
1) Analyze menu – Compare means – One Sample T- Test
2) Insert ‘Height’ in side test variable box.
3) Enter 130 in test value then press OK.

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Output:

Inference:
Since the p value is between 0.01 and 0.05 the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance.
Hence it is concluded that the average height of the candidates are not equal to 130cm. Based on the mean
score value of 131.84cm it is noted that the average height of the candidates are above 130cm.

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Result:
Thus the One Sample T -Test for the given problem was executed and it was verified successfully
using SPSS software.

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Ex. No.: 09 INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST
Date : 07/04/2025

Problem:
Find there is any difference in height based on gender using data set already saved.

Aim:
To determine whether height create difference between male and female using independent sample t-test.

Hypothesis:
H 0: There is no significant difference between male and female with respect to height.
H 1: There is a significant difference between male and female with respect to height.

Procedure:
1. Open the existing dataset.
2. Select the analyze option then select compare means option.
3. Choose the independent sample t-test option.
4. Insert “Height” inside test variable box.
5. Insert the gender in the grouping variable and define the group and press OK.

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Output:

Inference:
Since the p value is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of significance. Hence
it is concluded that there is a significant difference between male and female with respect to height. Based
on the mean score it is noted that the average height of female (131.97cm) is more than the average height
of male (131.62cm).

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Result:
Thus for the given problem the Independent Sample T-Test was conducted using SPSS software
and the output was generated successfully.

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Ex. No.: 10 ONE WAY ANOVA
Date : 07/04/2025

Problem:
Find there is any difference in weight based on caste using data set already saved.

Aim:
To prove that weight makes the difference among the Caste group using one way Anova.

Hypothesis:
H 0: Mean weight of respondents is same for all the caste groups.
H 1: Mean weight of respondents is not same for all the caste groups.

Algorithm:
Open the file: spssdata.sav in SPSS.
Analyze menu – Compare means – One way Anova.
Option – descriptive – continue.
Post hoc. - Duncan – continue.
And click ok.

Procedure:
1. Enter the given data.
2. Click the Analyze option and select compare mean option.
3. Select ‘one way Anova’ option.
4. Insert ‘weight’ inside test variable box.
5. Insert the ‘caste’ in the factor box.
6. Select the post hoc option where choose Turkey and Duncan option.
7. Press ok and the output is generated.

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Output:

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Inference:
Since the p value is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of significance.
Hence it is concluded that there is no significance difference between the weights of the candidate based
on their caste. Based on Duncan multiple range test, there is no difference in weight based on caste since
all mean value falling under single subset.

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Result:
Thus the one way ANOVA test was conducted for the given problem using SPSS software and the
output was verified successfully.

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Ex. No.: 11 CHI-SQUARE TEST
Date : 21/04/2025

Problem:
A Group of students were classified in terms of personality (introvert or extrovert) & in terms of
color preference (red, yellow, green or blue) with the purpose of analyzing whether there is an association
between personality and color preference. Data was collected from 400 students & presented in 2x4 tables
given below.
Observed counts Red Yellow Green Blue Total
Introvert 20 6 30 44 100
Extrovert 180 34 50 36 300
Total 200 40 80 80 400

Aim:
To test the association between two variables color preference and personality type.

Hypothesis:
H 0: There is no significant association between color preference and personality type.
H 1: There is significant association between color preference and personality type.

Procedure:

1. Declare the variables (color - nominal, personality - nominal) in the variable view.
2. Assign value 1 for red, 2 for yellow, 3 for green,4 for blue. Assign the value for observed counts: 1
for introvert, 2 for extrovert.
3. Select Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs.
4. Under observed counts column, value 1 should be entered 20 times, value 2 should be entered 180
times. Repeat this process for other categories of observed counts.
5. Select personality as the row variable, Select colors as the column variable.
6. Click statistics and select chi-square, Click continue.
7. Press OK in the crosstabs dialogue box.

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Output:

Inference:
Since the significance value is less than 0.01 the null hypothesis is rejected at 1% level of
significance. Hence it is concluded that there is an association between personality type and color
preference.

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Result:
Thus it is proved that colour preference is associated with personality type using SPSS software.

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Ex. No.: 12 CORRELATION & REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Date : 21/04/2025
Problem:
A survey was taken among 15 students; the data collected was ‘preparatory hours of the student’,
‘Exam percentage of the student’. The researcher was to see the direction of the correlation between the
preparatory hours and exam percentage through correlation analysis. He also wants to calculate how much
exam percentage will increase when the preparatory time is increased by 1hour. Apply regression to
calculate the unit increase.
Preparatory Hours of
4 3 7 6 3 4 5 4 8 5 6 3 8 4 3
student
Exam Percentage 70 60 65 68 70 75 87 89 90 96 97 65 80 86 77

Aim:
i) To find out the relationship between preparatory hours and exam percentage of the student
using the correlation analysis.
ii) To determine the influence of preparatory hours over exam percentage of student using the
regression analysis.

Algorithm:
i) For Correlation:
Analyze menu – Correlate – Bivariate & press ok
ii) For Regression:
Analyze menu – Regression – Linear & press ok
Procedure:
i) For Correlation:
1. Analyze menu – Correlate – Bivariate
2. Click Options and select Mean and S.D
3. Click Correlation coefficients: Pearson, Spearman then press ok
ii) For Regression:
1. Analyze menu – Regression – Linear
2. Insert ‘Exam Percentage’ in dependent variable and ‘Preparatory Hours’ in
independent variable and press ok=

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Output:
Correlation:

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Regression:

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Inference:
i) For Correlation:
The correlation co-efficient between Preparatory hours and Exam Percentage is 0.330 which
indicate 33% of positive relationship between Preparatory hours and Exam Percentage. From the above
we can infer that when preparatory hours increase the exam percentage will also increase.
ii) For Regression:
The regression equation is Y = a+bX
Y is dependent variable exam percentage.
X is independent variable score of preparatory hours
b is regression coefficient of preparatory hours 2.233
a is regression constant 67.465

Substituting the values,

Y= 67.465 + 2.233X

Therefore it can be inferred that one unit increase in Preparatory hours (X) will increase the
Exam percentage by 2.233%.

74
Result:
i) Thus the relationship between the given two variables was determined using correlation analysis
and the output was generated successfully.
ii) Thus the influence of preparatory hour over exam percentage was determined using regression
analysis and the output was generated successfully.

75
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 HYPOTHESIS-NON PARAMETRIC
Ex. No.: 13 KOLMOGROV – SMIRNOV TEST
Date : 23/04/2025

Problem:
The following data represents corn-yield per acre. For the given data find whether the data is
normally distributed using Kolmogorov –Smirnov test.
83,91,94,89,89,96,91,92,90,91,90,81,83,84,83,88,91,89,84,101,100,91,93,96,95,94,78,82,81,77,
79,81,80,81.

Aim:
To examine the normality of the data collected for corn-yield per acre using Kolmogrov-Smirnov
test.

H0: The data representing corn-yield per acre is not normally distributed.
H1: The data representing corn-yield per acre is normally distributed.

Procedure:

1) Declare a variable (corn yield in the field-scale) in variable view.

2) Enter the values in the data view.
3) Select Analyze  Nonparametric Tests  Legacy Dialogs  1-Sample K-S
4) The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test window appears as follows.
5) Select corn yield in the field as the test variable.
6) Select Normal as the test distribution and Click OK

77
Output:
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum
Corn Yield 34 87.88 6.428 77 101

One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Corn Yield
N 34
Normal Parametersa Mean 87.88
Std. Deviation 6.428
Most Extreme Differences Absolute .139
Positive .139
Negative -.128
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .810
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .529
a. Test distribution is Normal.

Inference:
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov P value is greater than 0.05 the null hypothesis is accepted at 5 percent
level of significance. Therefore it can be concluded that the data representing corn-yield per acre is not
normally distributed.

78
Result:
Thus the data representing corn-yield per acre was tested for its normality using one sample K-S
test and output was verified.

79
80
Ex. No.: 14 MANN –WHITNEY U - TEST
Date : 24/04/2025

Problem:
The following data represent fitness scores from two groups of boys of the same age from rural
homes and urban homes. Find out significant difference between the groups using Mann-Whitney test.
Rural boys Urban boys
14.1 12.7
7.3 14.2
5.6 12.6
6.3 2.1
9.0 17.7
4.2 11.8
10.6 16.9
12.5 7.9
14.1 16
9.9 10.6
10.1 8.2
10.6 9.1
11.2 9.8
12.1 10.8
10.9 11.3
8.6 11.5
11.5 12.3
14.2 12.5
15.2 13.4

Aim:
To find whether there is any significant difference in fitness scores between two groups of boys
using Mann-Whitney Test for two independent variables.
H 0: There is no significant difference in fitness scores between rural boys and urban boys.
H 1: There is significant difference in fitness scores between rural boys and urban boys.

Procedure:
1. Enter the two variables (1. Type of boys - nominal 2. Fitness scores- scale) in Variable view.
2. Enter the values in the data view.
3. Select AnalyzeNon parametric Tests  Legacy Dialogs  Two Independent Sample.
4. The Two independent test windows appear on the screen and do the following, Select fitness score
of town boys as the test variables. Select type of boys as the grouping variable. Click Define Groups.
5. Type 1 as the group 1 value and 2 as the group 2 value and click Continue.
6. Select Mann-Whitney U as test type and Click OK.
Output:

81
Inference:
Since the P value is greater than 0.05 the null hypothesis is accepted at 5 percent level of
significance. Hence it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in fitness scores
between rural boys and urban boys.

82
Result:
Thus the significant difference between two groups of boys with two independent samples test was
tested and verified successfully using Mann – Whitney U- test.

83
84
Ex. No.: 15 KRUSKAL WALLIS TEST
Date : 26/04/2025

Problem:
A meteorologist has measured the average amount of rain in four cities for six months. The
researcher wants to know whether an amount of rain differs among the four cities. The following table
shows the raw data and compute using Kruskal Wallis test.
City 1 City 2 City 3 City 4
68 119 70 61
93 116 68 54
123 101 54 59
83 103 73 67
108 113 81 59
122 84 68 70
Aim:
To test whether there is significant difference in amount of rain between four cities for six months
using k-independent sample test (Kruskal Wallis).
H0: There is no significant difference in amount of rain between four cities.
H1: There is significant difference in amount of rain between four cities.

Procedure:
1. Declare variables (amount of rain – scale, cities – nominal) in variable view.
2. Enter the values in the data view.
3. Select AnalyzeNon parametric TestsK Independent Sample.
4. The K - independent test window appears as follows and do the following,
 Select amount of rain as the test variable.
 Select cities as the grouping variable.
 Click Define Range as type 1 as the minimum and 4 as the maximum values.
 Click Continue and Click OK.

85
Output:

Inference:
Since the significance value is 0.01 the null hypothesis is rejected at 5 percent level of significance.
Hence it is concluded that there is a significant difference in amount of rain between four cities.

86
Result:
Thus the significant difference in amount of rain between four cities is tested by using Kruskal
Wallis test successfully and it was verified.

87
88
 Operations Research Software

Tora
(Temporary - Ordered Routing Algorithm)

&

PoM

89
90
Ex. No.: 16 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM USING POM
Date : 30/04/2025

Problem:
The following matrix gives the cost involved to perform jobs 1, 2 and 3 and operators A, B and C.
Assign the operators and jobs to minimize the total time taken to complete the jobs.

Operators Job 1 Job 2 Job 3

A 10 16 07
B 9 17 06
C 06 13 05

Aim:
To solve the given Job details and Operators available using Assignment execution by using POM
software.

Procedure:
1. Enter into POM software.
2. Select  Assignment from Module tree.
3. Enter the Problem title and Numbers of jobs to be assigned.
4. Select the Objective function as Minimize.
5. Select the required Row names and Column names and click OK.
6. Save the given data in file.
7. Select Solve menu option in order to process the problem.
8. Tabulate the results.

91
Output:

92
Result:
Thus the information of Job details and Operators available are assigned with Assignment
solutions of POM package successfully.

93
94
Ex. No.: 17 LINEAR PROGRAMMING USING TORA
Date : 10/03/2025

Problem:
Solve the following LP Problems (maximize and minimize).

Maximize Z = 6x1 + 8x2

Subject to the Constraints
x1 + x2 < 10
2x1 +3 x2 < 25
x1 + 5x2 < 35
Minimize X = 3x1 + 2x2
Subject to the Constraints
2x1 + 6x2 > 48
6x1 + 3x2 > 54

95
Output: Max

96
Aim:
To find out the optimal solution for the given linear programming problem using
TORA.

Procedure:
1. Click start All Programs TORA
2. In the Tora Screen Click ‘Click Here’ button to go to Main Menu
3. Click Linear programming in the Main Menu
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’ and Enter the Program Title, No of Variables and
Constraints
5. In the ‘Input Grid’ enter the input details of the given problem
6. To solve the problem Click ‘Solve Menu’
7. Save the file (file name and location is to be given)
To solve graphically
8. In the Solve/Modify sub menu Solve Problem Graphical
9. Click ‘Go to output screen’
10. Graphical Linear Programming Solution is displayed
11. In the left side of the graph, Click ‘Click here to graph L.P in one stroke’ to
view the solution graphically
12. The optimal solution will be displayed on the left side of the output screen.
To solve algebraically
13. In the Solve/Modify sub menu Solve Problem Algebraic Final
Solutions
14. Click ‘Go to output screen’
15. Linear Programming Output Summary (Final Iteration: 4) is displayed

97
Output: Min

98
Result:
Thus the Linear Programming Problem has been solved and optimal solution is
obtained.

99
100
Ex. No.: 18 SIMPLEX METHOD USING TORA
Date : 01/03/18

Problem:
Solve the following LP Problem
Min X = 6x1 + 8x2
Subject to the Constraints
5x1 + 10x2 < 60
4x1 + 4x2 < 40
Aim:
To find the Optimal Solution for the given Linear Programming Problem in Simplex Method using
TORA.

Procedure:
1. Click Start All Programs TORA
2. In the Tora screen click “ Click Here”, the Main menu will be opened
3. Click Linear Programming in the Main Menu
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input details
5. Enter the program title as Simplex Method, then enter the no. of variables and
constraints
6. Enter the above problem data in the Input Grid of Linear programming
7. Click Solve Menu and save the problem
8. Select the mode of solving from Solve/ Modify submenu.
9. Solve problem Algebraic Iteration All-slack starting solution and
click o.k
10. Click ‘Go to output screen’
11. Click ‘All Iteration button’
12. The Optimum value is displayed in Simplex Tableau
13. Find out the optimum value in other methods too.

101
Output:

102
Result:
Thus the optimum solution is obtained using Simplex method in LPP.

103
104
Ex.No. :19 BIG M METHOD USING TORA
Date : 01/03/2018
Problem:
Solve the following LP problem
Min Z = 2X1 + 3X2
Subject to the constraints
X 1+ X2 ≥ 6
7X1 + X 2 ≥ 14
X1 , X2 ≥ 0

Aim:
To find the optimal solutions for the given LPP in Big M Method using Tora

Procedure:
1. Click → All Programs →TORA.
2. In the Tora screen → click “click here”, the Main menu will be opened.
3. Click linear programming in the Main menu.
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input details.
5. Enter the program title as Big M, and then enter the no. of variables and constraints.
6. Enter the above problem data in the Input grid of linear programming.
7. Click Solve Menu and save the problem.
8. Select the mode of solving from Solve/Modify submenu.
9. Solve problem→Algebraic→Iteration→Big M Method and click o.k.
10. Click ‘Go to Output screen’.
11. Click ‘All iteration’ button.
12. The Optimum value is displayed in the table.

105
Output:

106
107
Iteration 4 is optimal
X1 = 6, X2 = 0
Min Z = 12

108
Result:
Thus the optimum solution is obtained using Big M Method in LPP and the output was
verified.

109
110
Ex. No.: 20 DUAL SIMPLEX METHOD USING TORA
Date : 01/03/18
Problem:
Solve LPP using dual simplex method
Min Z = 4x1+2x2
Subject to the constraints
X1+x2>=1
3x1 -x2>=2
Aim:
To find the optimum solution for the given LPP in dual simplex method using
TORA
Procedure:
1. In TORA click linear programming and go to input screen
2. Enter the title no of variables and constraints and click enter
3. In the input grid enter the input values
4. Click solve menu and save the file
5. Select solve/modify submenu then click solve problem
Algebraic Iteration dual simplex OK
6. Click go to output screen and click all iteration
7. We get the optimal solution for the problem

111
Output:

112
Result:
Thus the optimum solution for given LPP is obtained using dual simplex method and
the output was verified successfully.

113
114
Ex. No.: 21 DUALITY METHOD IN LPP
Date : 20/03/18
Aim:
To find the Optimal Solution for the given LPP in Duality Method using TORA .

Problem:
Solve the following LP Problem
Max X = 6x1 + 8x2
Subject to the Constraints
30x1 + 20x2 < 300
5x1 + 10x2 < 110

Procedure:

1. Click Start All Programs TORA

2. In the Tora screen click “ Click Here”, the Main menu will be opened
3. Click Linear Programming in the Main Menu
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input details
5. Enter the program title as Duality Method, then enter the no. of variables and
constraints
6. Enter the above problem data in the Input Grid of Linear programming
7. Click Solve Menu and save the problem
8. Select the mode of solving from Solve/ Modify submenu.
9. Solve problem Algebraic Iteration Bounded Simplex solution and
click ok
10. Click ‘Go to output screen’
11. Click ‘All Iteration button’
12. The Optimum value is displayed in Simplex Tableau
13. Find out the optimum value in other methods too.

115
Output :

116
Result:

Thus the optimum solution for given LPP is obtained using duality method and the
output was verified successfully.

117
118
Ex. No.: 22 TWO PHASE METHOD IN LPP
Date : 20/03/18
Problem:
Solve the following LP Problem
Min X = 24x1 + 30x2
Subject to the Constraints
2x1 + 3x2 >10
4x1 + 9x2 > 15
6x1 + 6x2 > 20

Aim:
To find the Optimal Solution for the given LPP in two-phase Method using TORA

Procedure:
1. Click Start All Programs TORA
2. In the Tora screen,click “ Click Here”, the Main menu will be opened
3. Click Linear Programming in the Main Menu
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input details
5. Enter the program title as Two-Phase Method, then enter the no. of variables
and constraints
6. Enter the above problem data in the Input Grid of Linear programming
7. Click Solve Menu and save the problem
8. Select the mode of solving from Solve/ Modify submenu.
9. Solve problem Algebraic Iteration Two-Phase method and click
ok.
10. Click ‘Go to output screen’
11. Click ‘All Iteration button’
12. The Optimum value is displayed in Simplex Tableau
13. Find out the optimum value in other methods too.

119
Output :

120
Result:
Thus the optimum solution for given LPP is obtained using Two Phase method and the
output was verified successfully.

121
122
 TRANSPORTATION MODEL USING TORA
Ex. No.: 23 NORTH WEST CORNER METHOD
Date : 20/03/18

Problem:
Solve the following problem using North West Corner Method
Name D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 19 30 50 10 7
S2 70 30 40 60 9
S3 5 8 70 20 18
Procedure: Demand 34
5 8 7 14
1. Click Start
All Programs TORA
2. In the Tora screen click ‘Click here’, the Main Menu will be opened
3. Click Transportation Model in the Main menu
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input
details
5. Enter the program title as Transportation Model
6. Enter the value of the no. of Sources and no. of Destinations
7. Enter the given problem data in Input Grid of Transportation Model
8. Click Solve Menu and Save the problem
9. From the Solve/Modify submenu select the mode of solving as
10. Solve problem Iterations North West corner method

123
Output:

124
Result:
Thus the shortest path and the cost effective analysis are obtained using North West
Corner in Transportation model.

125
126
 TRANSPORTATION MODEL USING TORA
Ex. No.: 24 LEAST COST METHOD
Date : 20/03/18

Problem:
Solve the following problem using least cost method

Name D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 2 3 11 7 6
S2 1 0 6 1 1
S3 5 8 15 9 10
Demand
7 5 3 2

Aim:
To determine the shortest path and cost effective analysis in Transportation Model by
least cost method using TORA.

Procedure:

1. Click Start All Programs TORA

2. In the TORA screen click ‘Click here’, the Main Menu will be opened.
3. Click Transportation Model in the Main menu.
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which provides the screen to enter input details.
5. Enter the program title as Transportation Model.
6. Enter the value of the no. of Sources and no. of Destinations.
7. Enter the given problem data in Input Grid of Transportation Model.
8. Click Solve Menu and Save the problem.
9. Select the mode of solving from solve/modify submenu.
10. Solve problem Iterations Least Cost Method
11. Click ‘Go to the output Screen’ option.
12. Click ‘All Iteration’ option and the optimum solution is determined.

127
Output:

128
Least Cost Method:
 The least cost method finds a better starting solution, while concentrating at the
cheapest routes. This method assigns as much as possible to the cell with the
smallest unit cost.
 Next the satisfied row or column is crossed out and the amount of supply and
demand are adjusted concurrently.
 If both the row and column are adjusted and satisfied simultaneously, only one is
crossed out, the same as in the north – west corner rule.
 Next look for the crossed out with smallest unit cost and repeat the process, until
exactly one row or column is left uncrossed out.

129
130
Result:
Thus the shortest path and the cost effective analysis are obtained by least cost method
in transportation model using TORA and the output was determined successfully.

131
132
 TRANSPORTATION MODEL USING TORA
Ex. No.:25 VOGEL’S APPROXIMATION METHOD
Date : 28/04/2025

Problem:
Solve the following transportation problem using Vogel’s approximation method.

Name D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 6 4 1 5 14
S2 8 9 2 7 15
S3 4 3 6 2 5
Demand 6 10 15 4
Aim:
To find the optimum solution for the given transportation problem in Vogel’s
Approximation method using TORA software.

Procedure:

1. In TORA click Transportation model and go to input screen.

2. Enter the input values in the input grid.
3. Click solve menu & save the file.
4. Click Solve problem Algebraic Iteration Vogel’s Approximation solution
ok.
5. Click go to output screen & click all iteration & we get optimum solution.
6. To get final solution click solve problem Final solution & finally get solution.

133
Output:

134
Result:
Thus the optimum solution for the given Transportation problem was obtained using
Vogel’s Approximation Method and the output was verified successfully.

135
136
 NETWORKING MODELS
Ex. No.: 26 PROJECT PLANNING IN CPM USING TORA
Date : 30/04/2025

Problem:
Activity Duration
1-2 5
1-4 18
1-5 11
2-3 11
2-6 7
3-6 6
4-6 7
5-7 4
5-8 6
6-8 14
7-8 5

Aim:
To find out a Project’s Critical path, Critical duration and to compute Forward pass,
Backward pass, Early start, Late completion, Total float and Free float in CPM using TORA.

Procedure:
1. Click Start All Programs TORA.
2. In the Tora screen click “ Click Here”, the Main menu will be opened.
3. Click Project Planning Critical Path Method (CPM).
4. Click ‘Go to Input Screen’, which leads to a screen to enter input details.
5. Enter the program title as CPM.
6. Enter the problem data in the Input Grid of project planning.
7. Click Solve Menu and save the problem..
8. From Solve/Modify submenu click Solve Problem.
9. Click “ Go to output Screen”.
10. In the Select output option dropdown button click (any one) CPM Bar Chart or
CPM calculations.
11. The output will be displayed in the screen.
12. Terminate the procedure.

137
Output:

5 166
11 6
2 3
6
7
25
5 6
0 18

18 7
1 4
15
14

7
5
39
11
4 8
11
6
5

138
Result:
Thus the Project planning and the expected time has been calculated in CPM.

139
140
Ex. No.: 27 GAME THEORY
Date : 05/05/2025

Problem:
Solve the following game:
8 6 2 8
8 9 4 5
7 5 3 5

Aim :
To solve the game and to determine the value of game using POM software.
Procedure :
1. Enter into POM software.
2. Select the Game theory.
3. Enter the problem title.
4. Assign the number of rows and column.
5. Give the data into input table.
6. Select the option “Solve” for getting output.
7. Then the output table will be generated.

141
Output:

142
Result:
Thus the game was solved and the value of the game was determined successfully using
POM software.

143
144
INVENTRY CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Ex. No.: 28 ABC ANALYSIS
Date : 05/05/2025

Problem:
Classify the inventory items using ABS inventory control technique.

ITEM PRICE PER ANNUAL CONSUMPTION

NO UNIT RATE
A1 100 25
A2 200 25
A3 400 100
A4 60 500
A5 70 200
A6 20 50
A7 25 50
A8 20 65
A9 14 50
A10 30 30

Aim:
To classify the given inventory items into A,B,C category by percentage estimation using POM software.

Procedure :
1. Open the POM software,
2. In the Module tree select the option “Inventory”.
3. Choose ABC analysis in it.
4. Enter the Title and then click OK.
5. Select the number of items.
6. Enter the values in the table ie, Annual consumption rate in the “demand”
column and Price per unit in the “price” column.
7. Finally the output is obtained.

145
OUTPUT:

146
Result:
Thus the given inventory items was classified into ABC category by percentage
estimation using POM software successfully.

147
148
Ex. No.:29 NET PRESENT VALUE - INTERNAL RATE RETURN
Date : 07/05/2025
Problem:
1. A firm has initial investment of Rs.1,00,000 and cash inflow as shown below.
Year Cash Inflow
1 50,000
2 40,000
3 30,000
4 10,000

Determine NPV and IRR.

2. A company is considering two projects both require an initial investment of
Rs.50,000 Each have a life of 5 years. The cost of capital of the company is 10%. The
estimate net cash inflow of two projects are as follows.
Year A B
1 20,000 30,000
2 22,000 27,000
3 28,000 22,000
4 25,000 27,000
5 32,000 27,000

Determine NPV to check which project has to be selected.

Aim:
To determine the Net Present Value and Internal Rate Return of the given financial
problem using POM software.
Procedure:
1. Open the POM software.
2. In the Module tree select the option Capital Investment (NPV,IRR).
3. Enter the number of period.
4. Enter the investment amount in outflow column and the cash flow amount in inflow
column.
5. Click Enter and the output table will be generated.

149
Output:
1. IRR

NPV

2. Project A

Project B

150
Result:
Thus the Net Present Value and Internal Rate Return of the given financial problem was
determined using POM and the output was generated successfully.

151
152
Ex. No.: 30 BREAK EVEN AND COST VOLUME ANALYSIS
Date : 07/05/2025

Problem:
A manufacturer produces 1500 units of products annually. The marginal cost of each
product is Rs.960 and the product is sold for Rs.1200. fixed cost incurred by the company is
Rs.48,000. Calculate breakeven point in terms of output value and sales value.

Aim:
To determine the relationship between cost volume profit using breakeven analysis by
POM software.

Procedure:
1. Open the POM software.
2. Go to module tree and select the option breakeven analysis and cost volume
analysis.
3. Choose breakeven analysis in it.
4. In the cost column enter the values of fixed cost and variable cost.
5. In the revenue column enter the income value.
6. Click enter the output table is generated.
7. Click solutions-graph of breakeven analysis.

153
Output:

Break even analysis

154
155
Cost volume analysis

156
Result:

Thus the relationship between cost volume profits using breakeven analysis was
determined.

157
158
Ex. No.: 31 QUEUING THEORY
Date : 12/05/2025

Problem:
A repairman is to be hired to repair machines which break down at an average rate of 3
per hour. The breakdown follows a Poisson distribution. Nonproductive time of a machine is
considered to cost 10 Rs per hour. Two repairmen have been interviewed of whom one is slow
but charges less and the other is fast but more expensive. The slow repairman charges 5 Rs
per hour and services breakdown machines at the rate of 4 per hour. The fast repairman
demands 7 Rs per hour, but services breakdown machines at an average rate of 6 per hour.
Which repairman should be hired?

Aim:
To solve the given queuing theory problem using POM software.

Procedure:
1. Open the POM software.
2. In the module tree and select waiting lines and choose M/M/1 (exponential
service times).
3. Enter the title and choose use cost in cost analysis and click OK.
4. Enter the data.
5. Click enter the output table is generated.

159
Output:

(i) Slow Repairman

Result

Table

160
161
Graph

(ii) Fast Repairman

Result

162
163
Table

Graph

164
Result:
Thus the given queuing theory problem was solved successfully using POM software.

165
166
Ex. No.: 32 ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY MODEL USING POM
Date : 12/05/2025

Problem:
The company uses 1200 units per month of an electronic component each costing Rs.2.
Placing each order cost is Rs.50 and the carrying cost is 6% per year of the inventory. Estimate
EOQ.

Procedure:
1. Enter into POM software.
2. Select Module tree → EOQ Model.
3. Enter Problem Title and click OK.
4. Enter data (ordering cost = 20% of purchase price).
5. Click Solve button.

167
Output:

168
Result:
Thus the Economic Order Quantity was estimated successfully using POM software.

169