an explicit conversion allows the programmer to manually changes or typecasts the data type from one variable
to another type.We force the explicit type conversion to convert data from one type to another because it does
not follow the implicit conversion rule
abstract clss is a classs which contains atleast one pure virutal function in it,abstract class are uses to provide
interface for its sub classes.
classes inherting an abstract class must implement all pure virtual function or else they become abstract too.
A virtual destructor is used to free up the memory space allocated by the derived class object or instance while deleting
instances of the derived class using a base class pointer object