Introduction and Context

GitHub extends beyond source control into full-fledged collaboration, allowing teams to
plan work, document projects, engage communities, and enforce permissions-all in one
platform. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll know how to track issues with labels, organize
work on a Kanban board, plan sprints via Milestones, author project documentation in a
Wiki, host community Q&A in Discussions, and configure team roles for secure access.

Case Study Overview

Problem Statement
WeatherNow, a startup delivering hyperlocal forecasts, faces fragmented coordination:
bugs slip through, feature requests get lost, documentation lags, and community
questions scatter across emails. To scale, the team must centralize planning and
communication on GitHub. Success means every bug or feature request is an Issue with
labels, tasks flow smoothly across columns on a Project board, sprints conclude on
schedule via Milestones, comprehensive API docs live in a Wiki, users find answers in
Discussions, and only the right people can push or merge code.

Learning Objectives

Create and manage GitHub Issues with labels for bug tracking and feature
requests

Set up a Kanban-style Project board to visualize workflow

Define and use Milestones for sprint planning

Build a project Wiki for documentation

Host and moderate GitHub Discussions for community engagement

Configure Organization teams, roles, and repository permissions

Concepts Explained with Analogies

GitHub Issues
Analogy: Sticky notes on a wall, each noting a task or problem.
Technical: Issues track bugs, enhancements, and tasks; they can be labeled, assigned,
and linked to Milestones

Labels
Analogy: Colored tags on sticky notes indicating priority or type.
Technical: Labels categorize and prioritize Issues (e.g., “bug,” “enhancement,” “high
priority”)

Project Boards
Analogy: A digital Kanban board where cards (Issues) move through columns like “To
Do,” “In Progress,” and “Done.”
Technical: GitHub Projects offer a board view to manage Issues and pull requests via
columns and automation

Milestones
Analogy: A sprint deadline on a project timeline, grouping related sticky notes to be
completed together.
Technical: Milestones bundle Issues and pull requests, tracking progress towards a
release or sprint goal.

Wikis
Analogy: A shared knowledge book where anyone on the team can add or update
chapters.
Technical: Each repository’s Wiki hosts long-form documentation in Markdown or other
formats

Discussions
Analogy: A town-hall forum where community members ask questions and share ideas.
Technical: Discussions support threaded Q&A, announcements, and idea boards,
separate from Issues and PRs

Team Management (Roles & Permissions)

Analogy: Assigning job titles-maintainers, contributors, viewers-to control who can edit
what.
Technical: Organization roles (Owner, Member) and repository permissions (Read, Write,
Admin) regulate access to code, Issues, and settings

Step-by-Step Guided Walkthrough

Step 1: Log and Label Issues

1. On GitHub, navigate to the main page of the repository.

2. Under your repository name, click Issues.

3. Click New issue.

4. If your repository uses issue templates, next to the type of issue you’d like to open,
click Get started.

If the type of issue you’d like to open isn’t included in the available options, click
Open a blank issue.

5. In the “Title” field, type a title for your issue.

6. In the comment body field, type a description of your issue.

7. If you’re a project maintainer, you can assign the issue to someone, add it to a
project, associate it with a milestone, set the issue type, or apply a label.

8. When you’re finished, click Submit new issue.

Checkpoint: How do labels and assignees improve issue triage?

Step 2: Create a Kanban Project Board

 1. In the repo, click Projects → New project → Board

2. Name it “Sprint 1” and click Create project.

3. Ensure columns: To do, In progress, Done.

4. Click + Add cards, select your open Issues, and drag them into To do.

Checkpoint: Why visualize workflow on a board?

Step 3: Define a Milestone for Sprint Planning

1. Go to Issues → Milestones → New milestone.

2. Title: “Sprint 1”

3. Set due date one week ahead and description “Complete core UI and bug fixes.”

4. Assign existing Issues to this Milestone via each Issue’s sidebar

Checkpoint: How do Milestones help track sprint progress?

Step 4: Author Documentation in the Wiki

1. On GitHub, navigate to the main page of the repository.

2. Under your repository name, click Wiki.

3. In the upper-right corner of the page, click New Page.

4. Optionally, to write in a format other than Markdown, use the “Edit mode”
dropdown to choose a different format.
 5. Use the text editor to add your page’s content.

6. In the “Edit message” field, type a commit message describing the new file you’re
adding.

7. To commit your changes to the wiki, click Save Page.

Step 5: Engage Users with Discussions

1. Enable Discussions in the repository settings.

2. In Discussions, click New discussion, choose category Q&A, and ask, “How to
integrate WeatherNow API into React?”

3. Encourage community responses and mark the answer that solves the question

Checkpoint: How do Discussions complement Issues?

Step 6: Configure Team Roles and Permissions

1. In your Organization, go to Teams → New team, name it “Frontend Devs.”

2. Add members and give Write access to the WeatherNow repo.

3. For senior engineers, assign Admin role to manage settings; for interns, grant Read
only

Checkpoint: Why restrict certain permissions to admins?

Best Practices and Tips

 Use clear, descriptive Issue titles and link to code or screenshots.

Automate board columns by setting automation rules (e.g., move card to In

progress when a PR is opened).

Close Issues automatically when PRs referencing them are merged ( Fixes #123 ).

Keep the Wiki up to date; treat it as living documentation.

Encourage community members to ask in Discussions before filing Issues to

reduce noise.

Enforce branch protection rules requiring reviews and passing CI checks before
merges.

Real-World Application and Extension

Integrate GitHub Actions to automate labeling, board updates, and Milestone

progress tracking.

Use cross-repository Milestones via API scripting for microservices spanning

multiple repos

Leverage Discussion Insights for community sentiment and feature requests.