MODULE1: LASER AND OPTICAL FIBERS (CSE STREAMS)
Solved Problems:
1. In an diffraction grating experiment the laser light undergoes second order
diffraction if the distance between screen and grating is 20cm and average
distance of 2nd order spot 2.7cm, grating constant 1X10-5m, calculate the
wavelength of laser light. (Practical component)
Solution:
Given: Distance between screen and grating is D= 20cm,
Average distance of 2nd order spot is x = 2.7cm,
Grating constant, d= 1X10-5m
Diffraction order, n=2
Wavelength of laser light, λ=?
𝜃
𝜆
𝑛
Here 𝜃 𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑎𝑛 ( ),
𝜃
𝜆
𝜆
2. A pulse from laser with 1mW lasts for 20nS. If the number of photons emitted
per pulse is 3.491X107. Calculate the wavelength of the laser.
Solution : Given : number of photons emitted per pulse , n= 3.491X107
Pulse duration t= 20 X10-9 S
Power of the laser P=1mW= 1 X10-3 W
Wavelength of laser= λ=?
Power of the laser
𝑛ℎ ( )
3. Calculate the wavelength of laser emitted from an extrinsic semiconductor laser
if the band gap is 0.02eV. To which region of EM spectrum does it belong?
Solution: Energy gap Eg= 0.2eV=
ℎ ( )
Page | 26
MODULE1: LASER AND OPTICAL FIBERS (CSE STREAMS)
It belongs to visible region of EM spectrum.
4. A pulsed laser emits photons of wavelength 780nm with 20mW average power
per pulse. Calculate the number of photons contained in each pulse if the pulse
duration is 10nS.
Solution :
Given:
Pulse duration t= 10nS=10 X10-9 S
Power of the laser P=20mW= 20 X10-3 W
Wavelength of laser= λ=780nm=780 X10-9m
number of photons emitted per pulse , n= ?
Power of the laser
𝑃 𝜆
( )
5. The ratio of population of two energy levels is . Find the
wavelength of light emitted by spontaneous emissions at 330K.
Solution : Given, Population Inversion is
Temperature T= 300K
wavelength of light λ =?
𝑁 ℎ
( )
𝑁 𝜆𝑘𝑇
Taking log on both sides we get,
𝑁 ℎ
𝑁 𝜆𝑘𝑇
ℎ ( )
𝜆
𝑁
𝑘𝑇 𝑛 (𝑁 )
Page | 27
MODULE1: LASER AND OPTICAL FIBERS (CSE STREAMS)
6. The average output power of Laser source emitting a laser beam of wavelength
632.8nm is 5mW. Find the number of photons emitted per second by the laser
source.
Given:
Power of the laser P=5mW= 5 X10-3 W
Wavelength of laser= λ=632.8nm=632.8X10-9m
Number of photons emitted per pulse , n= ?
Power of the laser
𝑃 𝜆
( )
7. Calculate the acceptance angle and numerical aperture of given optical fiber
having diameter of spot is 2.6cm and distance between screen and optical fiber
3.0cm. (Practical component)
Solution: Given, Diameter of spot is , D=2.6cm
Distance between screen and optical fiber, L= 3cm
Acceptance angle is
Here 𝜃 𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑎𝑛 ( )
𝜃
𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 𝑠 𝑛𝜃
𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 𝑠 𝑛( )
𝑁 𝑎 𝑎
8. Calculate numerical aperture, acceptance angle and critical angle of a fiber having
a core RI 1.50 and cladding RI 1.45.
Solution: Given, RI of core n1=1.5, RI of cladding n2= 1.45
𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 √𝑛 𝑛
𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 √
𝜃 𝑠 𝑛 (𝑁 𝑎 𝑎 ) 𝑠𝑛
𝑛
𝑠𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑛 ( )
𝑛
Page | 28
MODULE1: LASER AND OPTICAL FIBERS (CSE STREAMS)
9. The angle of acceptance of an optical fiber is 300 when kept in air. Find the angle of
acceptance when it is in medium of refractive index 1.33.
Solution: Given, acceptance angle is𝜃 , when fiber is kept in air medium of
Refractive index 𝑛
𝜃 *√𝑛 𝑛 +
𝑛
*√𝑛 𝑛 +
√𝑛 𝑛
Acceptance angle is 𝜃 when fiber is kept in a medium of Refractive index 𝑛
𝜃 *√𝑛 𝑛 +
𝑛
10. Given the numerical aperture 0.30 and RI of core 1.49. Calculate the critical angle
for the core-cladding interface.
Solution: Given, numerical aperture =0.30 , RI of core n1= 1.49 n2=1
Critical angle θc =? 𝑠𝑛 ( )
𝑠𝑛 ( )
𝑠𝑛 ( )
11. Obtain the attenuation coefficient of the given fiber of length 1500m given the
input and output power of 100mW and 70mW.
Solution: Given, 𝑃 𝑎𝑛 𝑃 , L= 1500m
Attenuation coefficient=? 𝛼 ( ) 𝐵 𝑘
𝛼 ( ) 𝐵 𝑘
𝛼 𝐵 𝑘
---------------------------------END OF THE MODULE 1--------------------------------------
Page | 29
