Gib2 - Structural Organization in Animals - Notes
Gib2 - Structural Organization in Animals - Notes
ORGANIZATION IN
ANIMALS
LINK IN DESCRIPTION
Types of Animal Tissues
-
Epithelial tissue
1
Connective tissue
~
Muscular tissue Nervous tissue
SIMPLE COMPOUND
EPITHELIUM- EPITHELIUM- Two or
Single layer more layers
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ~
SQUAMOUS
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL CUBOIDAL -
-
★ Vesicles of
★ Endothelium of Blood thyroid gland
-
vessels & Lymph
-
★ Acini of
★ Lining of ~
vessels pancreas -
stomach,
★ Mesothelium ★ Tubular part of
LOCATION Pancreas and
★ Alveoli of lungs ~ nephrons - -
liver
★ Bowman’s capsule ★ Iris, choroid,
★ Bile duct
★ Loop of henle ~ ciliary body of
★ Inner lining of cheeks eye -
-
★ Sweat glands
FUNCTION ★
-
Transport by diffusion
★
★
★
Absorption
Secretion L
Excretion
~
· ★
★
Absorption,
Mucus secretion
Brush border ★ Absorption
★ Small intestine
columnar~ ★ Secretion -
-
-
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
- =
★ Upper layer -
★ Columnar -
cuboidal
epithelial cells
DEFINITION ★ Other layers -
arranged in
cuboidal or other
Multiple layers
types
-
-
-
★ Mammary glands
★ Junction of
LOCATION ★ sweat gland
Rectum and Anus.
★ salivary glands -
-
Dense connective Tissue
Regular Irregular
DENSE REGULAR DENSE IRREGULAR
-
❖ -
Collagen fibres are present
-
Skeletal
Cartilage ~
X Fluid
Blood
-
Bone Lymph
~ ~
Types of Muscles
v
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
- -
★ Striated, voluntary ★ Involuntary ★ Involuntary
-
muscles muscles. - muscles. -
★ Multinucleated with ~Uninucleate without
★ ★ Uninucleate with
Unstricted
-
light and dark bands. faint light and dark
bands. -
bands.
★ They are attached ★ Present in vessels, ★ Present in wall of
with bones - oesophagus- heart. - -
↑
-
~
a
Gizzard
FOREGUT u
called as teeth.
Food is crushed and acted upon by Leads to narrow tubular Storage organ
COCKROACH
⑧
Hepatic → Junction of gizzard and midgut
caeca → 6-7 small finger like projection
(hepatic caeca)
→ Produce digestive enzymes,
→ Absorbs digested nutrients
MIDGUT
It narrow, short and tabular structure.
-
4
=
-
-
-
-
-
-
HEART OSTIA
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF COCKROACH
-
→ Long, muscular, contractile tube → Pair of small apertures at the posterior side
BLOOD PLASMA
→ Blood is colourless and is → Fluid called plasma, free blood
called hemolymph. I corpuscles or haemocytes,
-
→ no respiratory pigment → Phagocytes ingest foreign
particles such as bacteria.
-
→ The pumping force that propels the haemolymph
HAEMOCOEL CIRCULATION is provided by the pulsations of the 'heart'.
→ The respiratory movements of abdomen and
→ Body cavity of contraction of alary muscles increase this force.
cockroach is filled with
hemolymph or blood
-
-
STIGMATA
0 SPIRACLES ATRIUM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF COCKROACH
-
→ 10 pair of spiracles present on the
lateral side of the body. Spiracle opens into a small
chamber called atrium.
TRACHEAL
TRACHEA
TUBES
→ Trachea are a network of
→ Dorsal tracheal tube
fine air tubes extending
throughout the body.
-
→ Ventral tracheal tube
→ Lateral tracheal tube.
-
-
→ Thin branching tubes (tracheal tubes subdivided into
TRACHEOLES tracheoles) carry oxygen from the air to all the parts
-
⑧
~ ~
Antennae, eyes, maxillary palps,
NERVOUS SYSTEM OF COCKROACH
GANGLION SENSE ORGANS labial palps, anal cerci,
-
→ Ganglia joined by paired longitudinal connectives on the ventral side.
CNS
-
→ Brain is represented
by supraesophageal
-
ganglion.
-
PNS
MALPIGHIAN → Absorb water , salts , carbon dioxide and nitrogenous
EXCRETORY SYSTEM OF COCKROACH
Function
TUBULE wastes from the haemolymph and secrete them into the
-
→ Long , unbranched yellowish lumen of the tubules.
→ Solid uric acid is excreted
tubules , attached at the extreme along with the faecal matter.
anterior end of the hindgut.
FAT BODIES
M CUTICLE
-
~
~
M
~
&
-
-
-
-
-
MORPHOLOGY
❏ Frogs have mucus present on their skin that makes it slippery and
-
smooth.
❏ The intake of water in frogs occurs as absorption through skin.
-
❏ Body has a head and trunk. They do not have a tail and neck.
❏ A pair of nostrils
-
is found above the mouth. -
- -
-
-
ooo
~
0 0
0
⑳
RESPIRATION
-
-
- -
-
-
-
⑧
-
0
-
Question No : 1 2023
Statement I: Ligaments are dense irregular tissue.
Statement II: Cartilage is dense regular tissue.
11 Neuroglia
22 Blood
33 Adipose tissue
44 Cartilage
Question No : 3 2022
11 Neuroglia
-
22 Blood
33 Adipose tissue
44 Cartilage
Question No : 4 2022
③
11 Simple squamous epithelium
33 Ciliated epithelium
multinucleat
11 Skeletal muscle fibres are uninucleated and found in parallel bundles.
~
-
squamous
33 The walls of blood vessels are made up of columnar epithelium.
-
11 (a), (b) and (d) only 33 (a), (c) and (d) only
22 (b), (c) and (e) only 44 (a), (b) and (e) only
Question No : 6 2022
Choose the correct statements:
-
c. Ligament is the site of production of blood cells.
d. Adipose tissue is specialised to store fats.
e. Tendons attach one bone to another
-
- - -
11 (a), (b) and (d) only 33 (a), (c) and (d) only
22 (b), (c) and (e) only 44 (a), (b) and (e) only
Question No : 7 2021
card
11 Communication among the cells is performed by intercalated discs.
-
Identify the types of cell junctions that help to stop the leakage of the substances
across a tissue and facilitation of communication with neighbouring cells via
rapid transfer of ions and molecules.
33 Eustachian tube
44 Lining of intestine
Question No : 9 2020
44 Lining of intestine
Question No : 10 2020
22 Chondrocytes
22 Chondrocytes
11 Cuboidal epithelium
22 Columnar epithelium
44 Squamous epithelium
Question No : 12
The kind of epithelium which forms the inner walls of blood vessels is
11 Cuboidal epithelium
22 Columnar epithelium
44 Squamous epithelium
-
Question No : 13
The cell junctions called tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in
11 Muscular tissue
22 Connective tissue
33 Epithelial tissue
44 Neural tissue
Question No : 13
The cell junctions called tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in
11 Muscular tissue
22 Connective tissue
44 Neural tissue
Question No : 14
Dense irregular connective tissue occurs in:
-
11 ligaments
22 tendons
33 skin
44 all of these
Question No : 14
Dense irregular connective tissue occurs in:
11 ligaments
I regular
22 tendons
33 skin
44 all of these
Question No : 15
Which of the following tissues is most abundant and widely distributed in the
body of complex animals?
-
11 Epithelial tissue
22 Connective tissue
33 Muscular tissue
44 Neural tissue
Question No : 15
Which of the following tissues is most abundant and widely distributed in the
body of complex animals?
11 Epithelial tissue
22 Connective tissue
-
33 Muscular tissue
44 Neural tissue
Question No : 16
Areolar connective tissue joins:
11
-
44
-Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes
Question No : 18
0
The function of gap junction is to
-
①
The function of gap junction is to
11 Vertebrae ~
22 Nails ~
33 Ear ossicles ~
Cartilage.
-
11 Vertebrae
22 Nails
33 Ear ossicles
11 Hippurin
22 Myoglobin
33 Histamine
44 Hemoglobin
Question No : 20
Mast cells secrete:
11 Hippurin
22 Myoglobin
33 Histamine
-
44 Hemoglobin
Question No : 21
Select the incorrectly matched pair from the following
Specialised
Pick the correctly matched pair
-
-
11 Cartilage – loose connective tissue
loose
22 Adipose tissue – dense connective tissue
-
dense
-
Question No : 23
In frogs, Summer sleep is also known as
-
11 Aestivation
22 Hibernation
33 Hiding
44 Escaping
Question No : 23
In frogs, Summer sleep is also known as
11 Aestivation
~
22 Hibernation
33 Hiding
44 Escaping
Question No : 24
Which of these methods are utilized by frogs for protection?
-
11 Speed
22 Spikes
33 Mimicry
44 Playing dead
Question No : 24
Which of these methods are utilized by frogs for protection?
11 Speed ③
22 Spikes
33 Mimicry
u
44 Playing dead
Question No : 25
Which of these describes the skin of a frog?
-
11 Thick, leathery
22 Smooth, slippery
33 Hard, dry
44 Thin, membranous
Question No : 25
Which of these describes the skin of a frog?
11 Thick, leathery
22 Smooth, slippery
-
33 Hard, dry
44 Thin, membranous
Question No : 26
Which of these are the divisions of the body of a frog?
33 Head, trunk
33 Head, trunk
-
11 Webbed feet
22 Skin
33 Nictitating membrane
44 Tympanum
-
Question No : 27
Which of these structures in frogs receive sound signals?
11 Webbed feet
22 Skin
33 Nictitating membrane
44 Tympanum
-
Question No : 28
How many digits does the forelimb and hindlimb of frogs have respectively?
11 3, 4
22 5, 4
33 4, 5
44 4, 3
Question No : 28
How many digits does the forelimb and hindlimb of frogs have respectively?
--
11
22
3, 4
5, 4
B
33 4, 5
-
44 4, 3
Question No : 29
The frog excretes urea and thus is a ______ animal.
11 uricotelic
22 ureotelic
33 ammonotelic
11 uricotelic
22 ureotelic
-
33 ammonotelic
11 taste
22 touch
33 Smell
44 vision
Question No : 30
2
In frogs, Sensory papillae is the organ of
-
11 taste
22 touch
-
33 Smell
44 vision
Question No : 31
A mature female frog can lay _______ ova at a time.
11 2000 to 3000
22 2500 to 3000
33 2000 to 2500
44 1500 to 2000
Question No : 31
②
A mature female frog can lay _______ ova at a time.
11 2000 to 3000
22 2500 to 3000
-
33 2000 to 2500
44 1500 to 2000
Question No : 32
The _______ present in the hindbrain of frogs passes out through the foramen
magnum and continues into spinal cord
11 cerebellum
22 medulla oblongata
33 midbrain
44 pons
Question No : 32
The _______ present in the hindbrain of frogs passes out through the foramen
magnum and continues into spinal cord
11 cerebellum
22 medulla oblongata
-
33 midbrain
44 pons
Question No : 33 -
11 Kidney
22 Spleen
33 Gallbladder
44 Liver
Question No : 33
Which of these organs secrete bile in the frog?
11 Kidney
22 Spleen
33 Gallbladder
44 Liver
-
Question No : 34
In frogs, the undigested food passes out through the ______
11 cloaca
22 rectum
33 anus
44 intestine
Question No : 34
In frogs, the undigested food passes out through the ______
11 cloaca
-
22 rectum
33 anus
44 intestine
Question No : 35
What type of respiration is shown by frogs in water?
-
11 Pulmonary respiration
22 Branchial respiration
33 Subcutaneous respiration
44 Cutaneous respiration
Question No : 35
What type of respiration is shown by frogs in water?
11
22
33
Pulmonary respiration
Branchial respiration
Subcutaneous respiration
④
44 Cutaneous respiration
-
Question No : 36
How many chambers are present in a frog’s heart?
-
11 2
22 4
33 3
44 5
Question No : 36
③
How many chambers are present in a frog’s heart?
11 2
22 4
~33 3
44 5
Question No : 37
What is the shape of the sinus venosus in frogs?
11 Spherical
22 Irregular
33 Triangular
44 Cylindrical
Question No : 37
What is the shape of the sinus venosus in frogs?
-
11 Spherical
22 Irregular
33 Triangular
-
44 Cylindrical
Question No : 38
In frog, the ventricle opens into ______
11 conus arteriosus
22 sinus venosus
44 vena cava
Question No : 38
⑪
In frog, the ventricle opens into ______
11 conus arteriosus
22 sinus venosus
44 vena cava
Question No : 39
Which of these is not present in frogs?
22 Enucleated erythrocytes
44 Lymphatic system
Question No : 39
Which of these is not present in frogs?
44 Lymphatic system
Question No : 40
Where is bile stored in the body of a frog?
11 Pancreas
22 Liver
33 Gallbladder
44 Bidder’s canal
Question No : 40
Where is bile stored in the body of a frog?
11 Pancreas
22 Liver
33 Gallbladder
-
44 Bidder’s canal
Question No : 41
Which of these is not a characteristic feature of Rana tigrina?
-
11 Webbed feet
22 Bilobed tongue
33
-
Thick, leathery skin Smooth glippery.
44 Membranous tympanum
Question No : 41
Which of these is not a characteristic feature of Rana tigrina?
-
11 Webbed feet
22 Bilobed tongue
44 Membranous tympanum
Question No : 42
How many segments are fused to form the head of the cockroach?
11 6
22 8
33 9
44 Head is single
Question No : 42
How many segments are fused to form the head of the cockroach?
11
0
6
22 8
33 9
44 Head is single
Question No : 43
In Periplaneta americana the first and second pair of wings arise from
-
11 Prothorax only
22 Mesothorax only
11 Prothorax only
22 Mesothorax only
22 Male cockroach
33 Female cockroach
44 Female Ascaris
Question No : 44
Q
Anal cerci occur in
-
22 Male cockroach
33 Female cockroach
44 Female Ascaris
Question No : 45
Hardened plates of exoskeleton ventrally is known as
11 Sclerites
22 Tergites
33 Sternites
44 Ternites
Question No : 45
⑬
Hardened plates of exoskeleton ventrally is known as
11 Sclerites
22 Tergites
33 Sternites
-
44 Ternites
Question No : 46
The terga sterna and pleura of cockroach body are joined by
-
11 Cementing glue
22 Muscular tissue
33 Arthrodial membrane
44 Cartilage
Question No : 46
The terga sterna and pleura of cockroach body are joined by
11 Cementing glue
22 Muscular tissue
33 Arthrodial membrane
-
44 Cartilage
Question No : 47
Which of the following glands /structures do not participate in excretion in
-
periplaneta americana ? -
11 Uricose gland
22 Malpighian tubules
33 Fat body
44 Phallic gland
Question No : 47
Which of the following glands /structures do not participate in excretion in
periplaneta americana ?
Jexuation
11 Uricose gland
22 Malpighian tubules
33 Fat body
44 Phallic gland
-- reproduct
Question No : 48
In cockroach, the ootheca is formed by the secretion of
-
11 Phallic gland
22 Colleterial gland
33 Mushroom gland
44 Conglobate gland
Question No : 48
In cockroach, the ootheca is formed by the secretion of
11 Phallic gland ~
22 Colleterial gland
-
-
33 Mushroom gland ~
44 Conglobate gland
Question No : 49
In cockroach, identify the parts of the foregut in correct sequence :-
-
11 Mouth → Esophagus → Pharynx → Crop → Gizzard