🔽 ANSWER KEY

✅ MCQs
1. Chlorophyll
2. Roots
3. Cascuta
4. Leaves
✍️One Word
1. Photosynthesis
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Parasitic nutrition
4. Pitcher plant
One/Two Sentences
1. Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of
nutrition in which organisms make their
own food.
2. Stomata are tiny pores found on the
surface of leaves used for gas exchange.
3. Organisms need food for energy,
growth, repair and other life processes.
 4. Sunlight provides energy required for
photosynthesis to occur.
📝 Brief Answers
1. Photosynthesis is the process by which
green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide,
and water to make their own food and
release oxygen.
2. Saprotrophs feed on dead matter
externally, while parasites live on other
organisms and derive nutrition from them.
3. Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose +
Oxygen
4. Leguminous plants have root nodules
containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria which
improve soil fertility.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. Nutrients are replenished in soil
through natural decay of organic matter,
adding compost, or by growing
leguminous crops with nitrogen-fixing
bacteria.
 2. Leaves absorb sunlight, carbon dioxide
through stomata, and water from roots.
Chlorophyll traps sunlight energy, and
food is synthesized by combining these
ingredients.
3. Insectivorous plants have structures
like sticky hairs or pitcher-shaped leaves
to trap and digest insects.
4. (Include diagram separately)
Photosynthesis involves sunlight, water,
and carbon dioxide converting into
glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts in leaf
cells carry out this function.

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🔽 ANSWER KEY
✅ MCQs
1. Water and carbon dioxide
2. Mushroom
3. Fungi and algae
4. Rhizobium
✍️One Word
1. Stomata
2. Chloroplast
3. Glucose
4. Saprotrophic
One/Two Sentences
1. A heterotroph is an organism that
depends on others for its food.
2. Rhizobium helps fix nitrogen in the
soil, reducing need for fertilizers.
3. Symbiosis is a relationship where two
different organisms live closely and
benefit each other.
 4. Venus flytrap and pitcher plant.
📝 Brief Answers
1. Autotrophs make their own food,
heterotrophs depend on others for food.
2. Fungi grow on dead matter and secrete
enzymes that break it down externally.
3. Sunlight, chlorophyll, water, carbon
dioxide.
4. Cascuta absorbs nutrients from its host
plant, weakening it.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. Stomata are pores in leaves that allow
carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to
exit, vital for photosynthesis.
2. In lichens, fungi provide structure and
algae make food—both benefit.
3. Non-green plants cannot perform
photosynthesis, so they adopt other
modes like parasitism or saprotrophy.
 4. Boil a leaf, decolorize with alcohol, and
add iodine. Blue-black color indicates
starch.

🔽 ANSWER KEY
✅ MCQs
1. Mouth
2. Liver
3. Bacteria
 4. Hydra
✍️One Word
1. Villi
2. Salivary amylase
3. Stomach
4. Heterotrophic
One/Two Sentences
1. Ingestion is the process of taking food
into the mouth.
2. Villi increase the surface area for
absorption in the small intestine.
3. Rumination is the process of chewing
cud—partially digested food in ruminants.
4. Bile juice is produced by the liver and
helps in the digestion of fats.
📝 Brief Answers
1. Food moves through the alimentary
canal via peristaltic movement, involving
muscular contractions.
 2. The pancreas secretes enzymes that
digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
3. Amoeba uses pseudopodia for food
intake, while humans have a complex
digestive system.
4. Ruminants have a four-chambered
stomach; they initially swallow food, then
regurgitate and re-chew it.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. Digestion begins in the mouth,
continues in the stomach and small
intestine with enzyme action, nutrients are
absorbed, and waste is removed via the
large intestine.
2. (Insert diagram here) The digestive
system includes the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
3. Enzymes break down complex food
molecules into simpler ones for
absorption.
 4. Hydra has a single opening and
extracellular digestion, Amoeba digests
intracellularly using food vacuoles.

🔽 ANSWER KEY
✅ MCQs
1. Small intestine
2. Cow
3. Pancreas
4. Vacuole
✍️One Word
1. Egestion
2. Bile
 3. Small intestine
4. Cud
One/Two Sentences
1. Egestion is the process of removing
undigested food from the body.
2. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase
which breaks down starch into sugars.
3. Liver – produces bile; Pancreas –
secretes digestive enzymes.
4. Hydra uses tentacles to capture food
and digest it in its body cavity.
📝 Brief Answers
1. The small intestine completes
digestion with enzymes and absorbs
nutrients through villi.
2. Food moves via peristalsis, a wave-like
muscular movement.
3. Bile juice breaks fats into small
droplets, aiding digestion.
4. Hydra captures prey with tentacles and
digests it in its gastrovascular cavity.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. Ruminants swallow food which goes to
the rumen. It is regurgitated as cud and
chewed again. Further digestion occurs in
three other chambers and finally absorbed
in the intestine.
2. Amoeba surrounds food with
pseudopodia forming a food vacuole.
Enzymes digest food and nutrients are
absorbed.
3. (Insert diagram manually) Label:
Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver,
Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine.
4. Carbohydrates are broken down by
amylase, proteins by pepsin and trypsin,
fats by bile and lipase.
🔽 ANSWER KEY
✅ MCQs
1. Thermometer
2. 37°C
3. Copper
4. Radiation
✍️One Word
1. Joule
2. Maximum-minimum thermometer
3. Mercury
4. Conduction
One/Two Sentences
1. Hot water may break the thermometer
or alter its reading.
2. A conductor (like copper) allows heat
flow; an insulator (like wood) does not.
 3. 35°C to 42°C
4. Hot air expands, becomes lighter, and
rises upward.
📝 Brief Answers
1. Conduction occurs in solids via particle
vibration; convection in fluids via
movement of particles.
2. In liquids, heat is transferred through
convection—the movement of warmer
fluid upwards and cooler fluid downwards.
3. Sun’s heat travels via radiation, which
does not require a medium.
4. Cool air from the sea replaces warm air
rising from land, forming a sea breeze.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. A clinical thermometer has a bulb filled
with mercury, a narrow tube, and a scale
from 35°C to 42°C. It measures body
temperature.
2. A clinical thermometer is used for body
temperature; laboratory thermometer is
for scientific experiments.
3. Sea breeze: Daytime – land heats
quickly, air rises, cool air from sea moves
in. Land breeze: Nighttime – land cools
faster, cool air moves to sea. (Add labeled
diagrams)
4. Metals conduct heat well for cooking;
handles are made of wood or plastic to
prevent burns.
🔽 ANSWER KEY
✅ MCQs
1. Wood
2. Convection
3. Laboratory thermometer
4. Ice
✍️One Word
1. Mercury
2. Kelvin
3. Conduction
4. Light cotton clothes
One/Two Sentences
1. Mercury expands uniformly and is
visible in glass tubes.
2. Radiation is the transfer of heat
without any medium.
3. Metal objects absorb heat and become
hot quickly.
 4. Temperature is the degree of hotness
or coldness of a body.
📝 Brief Answers
1. In gases, heat is transferred by
convection—hot air rises and cool air
sinks.
2. Do not shake the thermometer; read it
at eye level; ensure it is clean.
3. Coastal areas have sea breezes and
land breezes that regulate temperature.
4. Radiation helps in drying clothes,
warming by sunlight, and heating without
contact.
📄 Detailed Answers
1. Conduction: solids (e.g., metal rod);
Convection: liquids/gases (e.g., boiling
water); Radiation: vacuum (e.g., sunlight).
2. A lab thermometer has a mercury
column, scale, and glass tube. It measures
temperature from -10°C to 110°C.
3. At night, land cools faster than sea.
Cool air from land moves to sea, forming
land breeze. (Add labelled diagram)
4. Alcohol evaporates quickly, absorbing
heat from skin, making it feel cold.