Project Report: Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino
Objective:
To design and simulate a cost-effective, automated smart irrigation system using
Arduino that monitors soil moisture levels and controls the water pump
accordingly, reducing water wastage and ensuring optimal soil hydration.
Introduction:
With water scarcity becoming a pressing issue, efficient usage of water in agriculture is
vital. Smart irrigation systems automate watering based on real-time soil moisture
levels, ensuring water is supplied only when necessary. This project uses an Arduino
Uno, soil moisture sensor, and water pump (simulated in Tinkercad) to achieve this
automation.
Components Required:
S. No Component Quantity
1 Arduino Uno R3 1
2 Soil Moisture Sensor 1
3 Breadboard 1
4 Jumper Wires As needed
5 LED (as pump indicator) 1
6 Resistor (220 ohm) 1
7 Tinkercad Simulator 1 (online)
Circuit Diagram Description:
Soil Moisture Sensor: A0 (Analog Out) → Arduino A0
VCC → Arduino 5V
GND → Arduino GND
Pump (simulated using an LED): Pin 8 via 220ohm resistor
LED Anode → Arduino pin 6 and pin 7 (via 220-ohm resistor)
LED Cathode → GND
> In a physical project, replace the LED with a transistor circuit controlling a motor or relay
module connected to a pump.
Working Principle:
● The soil moisture sensor reads analog values depending on the water content in
soil.
● If the soil is dry (analog value < threshold), the Arduino turns ON the pump (LED
glows).
● When the soil is wet (value ≥ threshold), the pump stays OFF.
● The system runs continuously and checks soil condition in a loop.
Simulation in Tinkercad:
● Use https://www.tinkercad.com to simulate the circuit.
● Assemble the components as per the circuit description.
● Paste the Arduino code and start simulation.
● Change soil moisture values manually to test both dry and wet conditions.
Advantages:
● Automated plant watering
● Water-saving and efficient
● Scalable for larger agricultural uses
● Easy to modify for physical implementation
Applications:
● Home gardens and indoor plants
● Agricultural farms
● Greenhouses
● Urban farming and vertical gardens
Limitations:
● Simulation-based—doesn't account for sensor inaccuracies or real-world delays.
● Real pump control would require a relay module/transistor and power supply.
● No real-time remote monitoring in this version.
Future Scope:
● Integrate with GSM or Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring.
● Use real-time clock (RTC) to schedule watering.
● Add an LCD or OLED display to show real-time values.
● Deploy solar-powered version for sustainability.
Conclusion:
The Smart Irrigation System designed in Tinkercad using Arduino is a prototype model of an
intelligent watering system. It automates the irrigation process, promoting water conservation
and consistent soil moisture management—making it ideal for precision agriculture and smart
gardening.
