ĐỀ 4 ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT NĂM 2022

BÁM SÁT ĐỀ MINH HỌA MÔN: TIẾNG ANH

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following
Question 1: It’s an extremely __________ cure for a headache.
A. effect B. effective C. effectual D. effector
Question 2: He needs to do the homework before going out with his friends, ____?
A. doesn’t he B. does he C. needn’t he D. need he
Question 3: We thought the repairs on the car would cost about $500, but our estimate was way
off the
it was $4000.
A. mark B. point C. spot D. trace
Question 4. Vietnam has played_________high spirits and had an impressive 2-0 victory over
Yemen.
[Link] [Link] C. on D. with
Question 5. All the applicants for the post are thoroughly ________ for their suitability.
A. searched B. vetted C. investigated D. scrutinized
Question 6. Solar energy is not widely used________it is friendly to the environment.
[Link] [Link] C. in spite of D. because of
Question 7 : Peter’s wife gave him a (n) _____ bike as a birthday present last week.
A. blue Japanese cheap B. cheap Japanese blue
C. Japanese cheap blue D. cheap blue Japanese
Question 8: You shouldn’t lose heart; success often comes to those who are not _________ by
failures.
A. left out B. put off C. switched off D. turned on
Question 9: The students _______ the topic when the bell rang.
A. discuss B. were discussing C. have discussed D. are discussing
Question 10: _______, he will go out with his friends.
A. When Tony finished his project B. When Tony finishes his project
C. When Tony had finished his project D. When Tony was finishing his project
Question 11: My mother doesn't eye to eye with my father sometimes.
A. see B. glance C. look D. agree
Question 12: It is not always easy to_______ a decision at the last minute.
A. do B. make C. buy D. marry
Question 13. I demand to know how this vase __________, and no one is leaving till I find out.
A. got broken B. was breaking C. has broken D. is broke
Question 14. ________ hard all day, I was exhausted.
A. To work B. Working C. Having worked D. worked
Question 15: The older you are, _______________ you may become.
A. the more worrrying B. the more worried
C. the more worry D. worried
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 16. Cathy and Graham are at a restaurant.
Cathy: “Oh, $400. I will pay this bill.”
Graham: “_______”
A. Do you have any cash? B. I pay by credit, please
C. No, it’s on me D. We’d better leave off
Question 17. Mark and Tim are talking about British literature.
Mark: “I immersed myself in the book on British literature we had borrowed from the library.”
Tim: “_______”
A. Shall we get started now? B. Is it called “The Pickwick Papers”?
C. Really? I assumed you’re quite good at it D. I read a book for ages
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 18. A. scholar B. honor C. motto D. fortune
Question 19. A. borrowed B. conserved C. approached D. complained
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 20. A. continue B. recognise C. uncover D. remember
Question 21. A. leaflet B. model C. export D. cartoon
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22. She is a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.
A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical
Question 23. For environment safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and
smoke of factory.
A. leak B. release C. poison D. pollutant
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.
Question 24. Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach
animals to earn their living.
A. chance B. prospect C. possibility D. improbability
Question 25. I don't believe in anything he says, he is unreliable.
A. inaccurate B. unstable C. trustworthy D. irresponsible
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 26: He helped us a lot with the project. We couldn’t continue without him.
A. Provided his contribution wouldn’t come, we couldn’t continue with the project.
B. But for his contribution, we could have continued with the project.
C. Unless we had his contribution, we could continue with the project.
D. If he hadn’t contributed positively, we couldn’t have continued with the project.
Question 27: The storm was so great. Many families had to be evacuated to safer parts of the city.
A. Although the storm was not great, many families had to be evacuated to safer parts of
the city.
B. So great was the storm that many families had to be evacuated to safer parts of the
city.
C. Many families had to be evacuated to safer parts of the city in spite of the great storm.
D. It was so a great storm that many families had to be evacuated to safer parts of the
city.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 28: We have conducted exhausting research into the effects of smartphones on
students’
A B
behaviour and their academic performance.
C D
Question 29: On the table is hundreds of books written in English.
A B C D
Question 30: Tim works as a doctor and he earns twice as much as her brother.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 31. “You should have finished your work by noon, Fiona” said Mark.
A. Mark warned Fiona against having finished her work by noon.
B. Mark encouraged Fiona to finish her work by noon.
C. Mark reproached Fiona for not having finished her work by noon.
D. Mark scolded Fiona for having finished her work by noon.
Question 32. It is necessary for the local authority to impose social distancing on this infected
area.
A. The local authority may impose social distancing on this infected area.
B. Social distancing needs imposing on this infected area.
C. Social distancing should be imposed on that infected area.
D. The local authority can impose social distancing on this infected area.
Question 33. I haven’t bought any books for 2 years.
A. This is the first time I have ever bought books for 2 years.
B. I last bought books for 2 years.
C. It’s 2 years since I started to buy books.
D. The last time I bought books was 2 years ago.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 38.
GET READY IN FIVE MINUTES
Does this sound like your life? Do you get the feeling that everything is accelerating? Not
only are activities getting significantly quicker, but our assumptions are changing, too.
Take exercise: we used to think that the longer we spent on, say, a pleasurable walk in the
countryside, the more good it did us. Not anymore. The new (34) _______ is for HIIT – short for
High-Intensity Interval Training - (35) _______ just twelve minutes of very intense activity is
supposed to be every bit as beneficial as conventional exercise. Get on that rowing machine and
keep it short and sharp! It’s supposed to get you fitter in a considerably shorter period of time
than conventional exercise routines. Advocates of HIIT training claim that it can burn fat up to
50% more effectively than low-intensity exercise. They also maintain that it speeds up
metabolism and so makes you burn more calories throughout the day. However, some recent
research would appear to (36) ______ these claims.
(37) _______ have our personalities changed, too? Smartphones allow us to access
information in no time at all. Research demonstrates that 80% of people will not wait more than
30 seconds for a video to load. A recent survey suggests we now walk 10% faster than we did ten
years ago. It seems we even start to get annoyed after five seconds waiting for the car in front of
us to start moving when the traffic light turns green. Overtime, we come to expect (38)_____ to
be available infinitely more quickly than in the past. We have far less patience. We’ve forgotten
how to slow down. Welcome to modern life.
(Adapted from Navigate by Mark Bartram and Kate Pickering)
Question 34. A. potential B. leisure C. habit D. fad
Question 35. A. which B. whereby C. whereas D. whom
Question 36. A. engender B. subscribe C. dispute D. cease
Question 37. A. So B. However C. But D. And
Question 38. A. each B. everything C. few D. almost
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 43
It’s Friday’s night in Singapore and, once again, Madeline Tan (28) doesn’t have a date.
Like many women she feels ready to settle down as she approaches thirty. She has experienced
more than a little family pressure about still being single at her age. And it is not only her family
but also her government who are keen for her to marry and reproduce.
Living in one of the world’s most successful economies, Madeline has a good education
and the pick of jobs. Her salary as a radio executive means she can drive a luxury car and go
shopping. Singapore’s government believes that, to ensure continuous prosperity, future
generations must become more intelligent. And it is concerned that female graduates – ideal for
breeding this super-race – are staying single and childless. Singapore’s men, on the other hand,
are marrying less educated women. So, the government has launched a campaign to encourage
the ‘right’ couples to get together.
Putting off marriage and parenthood is becoming more common in all industrialized
nations. This is partly because high pressure jobs leave little time for socializing and meeting
potential partners. In Singapore, the problem is made worse by cultural traditions. The sexes are
not encouraged to mix during childhood or to date until after university.
Research scientists Kee-Chuan Goh (29) has never had a girlfriend. “There’s a first time
for everything.”, he says. Like Madeline he has signed up with the SDU (Social Development
Unit), the government’s very own dating agency. It is open only to graduates, who sign up for
five years, although most members are married within three.
Government-sponsored ads on prime-time TV aim to get the message across. In one, a
young man sits on a park bench, sighing, “Where is my dream girl?” At the other end, a girl
stares into space thinking, “Where is the man of my dreams?” They fail to notice each other and
wander off, lonely. A voice-over warns “Why not reality? You could wait a lifetime for a
dream.”
(Adapted from Clockwise Upper Intermediate by Jon Naunton)
Question 39. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Singapore fixes you up B. The dating life of single Singaporeans
C. Singapore’s dating agency D. How to get a partner in Singapore
Question 40. The phrase “settle down” in paragraph 1 mostly means _______.
A. leave a job B. find a job
C. get married D. keep calm
Question 41. According to the passage, the main reason why delaying parenthood becomes a
norm in developed countries is that _______.
A. single individuals focus more on their jobs than on seeking a partner
B. they have little time to meet possible partners due to their jobs
 C. people who have reached the age of 30 are used to being alone
D. individuals are not prepared to have a major responsibility
Question 42. The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. governmentB. agency C. Social Development Unit D. graduate
Question 43. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
A. The greatest pressure to marry has come from Madeline's parents
B. Women graduates make popular wives
C. It’s hard for men and women to mix naturally
D. Adverts encourage young people to have more realistic expectations
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50
Time has become a scarce commodity. Everyone wants more of it. The refrain 'If only I
had more time!' echoes around the offices, kitchens and bedrooms of Britain; 'hurry sickness' is
becoming the malaise of the new millennium. All over the world, people are working longer
hours, struggling to fit more and more into every day. Symptoms include jabbing the 'door close'
button on lift doors to save the two to four seconds required for the door to do it on its own, and
an inability to do one thing at a time, so that every journey is a phone call opportunity.
Technology is helping to speed up the world: laptops, mobile phones (with a hands- free
set so that you can do something else at the same time), pagers, remote controls. We live in an
instant, insistent world. Adverts for energy-boosting drinks read: 'Having trouble keeping up
with yourself?' We yearn for the lazy afternoons and days of yesteryear - but enthusiastically
sign up for email, messaging services, language classes. Even time management courses. The
result is parents with a lack of quality time to spend with their children, and surveys showing that
working couples see less of each other than ever before and that rows over time spent on
domestic labour or childcare top the list of marital discord. The idea of doing nothing has
become terrifying, a sure sign of worthlessness.
Like any commodity that is scarce, time has become a battleground. In what is supposed
to be the world of the consumer, firms steal time from customers. It is now perfectly acceptable
to be asked to hold the instant the phone is answered. This saves the company time and money,
but costs you time. We are engaged in a constant, subtle war over time. If the politics of class
dominated the last century, the politics of time could dominate this one.
Of course, there is a class dimension to the rush culture. One of the biggest transitions of the past
few decades has been to take the previous relationship between time and status - the rich had lots
of time, the poor very little - and reverse it. While bankers in the City are now at their desks at
7am, in the good old days 'bankers' hours' meant 10am till 4pm with a decent lunch break.
Moreover, to be seen to have time to spare is a sign of low status: arranging lunch, it is never
done to be available too soon. Similarly, being late is moving from a sign of rudeness to a sign of
status.
A two-tier time society is being built, with the money-rich, time-poor on one side, and the
money-poor, time-rich on the other. The rich are working longer and longer hours in order to
compete with each other. At the same time, they are employing others - cleaners, childminders,
fast-food restaurant workers - in order to allow themselves to work all the time. Meanwhile,
more and more of us are putting ourselves on the treadmill of constant activity, taking on an
increasingly heavy workload, and never stopping for a moment to ask ourselves why.
(Adapted from Clockwise Advanced by Jon Naunton)
Question 44. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
 A. The growing disparity between rich and poor
B. Seeing valuable time from a crooked angle
C. The mad rush to save time
D. The slower pace of life: Is it suitable for all?
Question 45. The word “malaise” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. uneasiness B. tactic C. morale D. trend
Question 46. The consequences of not having enough time for family are mentioned in the
passage EXCEPT _______.
A. Working couples find themselves in a situation of lacking time for each other
B. Children find it impossible to pay a visit to their grandparents
C. Time to spend with children becomes scarce
D. Parents have quarrels over the amount of time allotted for doing household chores
Question 47. The word “this” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. answering the phone B. calling someone on the phone
C. asking someone to hold the line D. arguing with customers
Question 48. The word “treadmill” in paragraph 5 mostly describes something which is
_______.
A. energizing B. conducive C. alien D. monotonous
Question 49. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
A. People who are idle often experience a sense of willingness
B. The rich had more time in the past compared to the poor
C. People signing up for time management courses wish to have a free afternoon
D. Being late is a symbol of status in the past
Question 50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. People living in an instant society tend to multitask
B. Advertising led to a larger number of people who opt to give up their free time
C. There is a strong positive correlation between time and status
D. Manual workers are required to work against the clock
 ĐỀ 2 ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT NĂM 2022
BÁM SÁT ĐỀ MINH HỌA MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian: 60 phút
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1: The Botanical Garden was a very _________ place where we made a short tour
round the garden and took some pictures of the whole class.
A. beautify B. beautifully C. beautiful D.
beautification
Question 2 : She doesn’t imagine that I have much money, _______?
A. does she B. do I C. haven’t I D. doesn’t she
Question 3: After feeling off for days, Tom finally went to see his doctor.
A. food B. color C. fitness D.
balance
Question 4: This policewoman is famous ____ her courage and strong will.
A. with B. for C. on
D. about
Question 5: There were 79 killed and 230 ________in a bomb explosion at the embassy.
A. injured B. wounded C. hurt D. ached
Question 6: ____ many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are still
much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate.
A. Although B. Despite C. Because D.
Since
Question 7: Lara goes to a (n) _____________ temple every week.
A. great big ancient Buddhist B. Buddhist great big ancient
C. ancient great big Buddhist D. big great ancient Buddhist
Question 8: The meeting appeared to be going well until Sarah ______________ the issue of
holiday pay.
A. brought about B. brought up C. brought off D. brought on
Question 9: When I came to her house last night, she ________________ dinner.
A. is having B. was having C. has had D. had had
Question 10. _______, I will give her a gift.
A. When he will come B. When she comes here
C. Until he will come D. No sooner she cames
Question 11: We have been working hard. Let’s a break.
A. make B. find C. do D. take
Question 12: It is parents' duty and responsibility to ______ hands to take care of their
children and give them a happy home.
A. give B. hold C. join D. shake
Question 13. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ________ by J K Rowling.
A. written B. was written C. wrote D.
were written
Question 14. ________ his composition, Louie handed it to his teacher.
A. Having written B. Having been written
C. Being written D. Writing
Question 15: The faster we walk, ____________ we will get there.
 A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the
sooner
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
Question 16: "Why do you like pop music?” - “_______.”
A. Pop music originated in the Western world.
B. Because it is soft and beautiful.
C. Westlife is a pop band.
D. Since the 1950s, pop has had some new elements.
Question 17: “What’s your neighbourhood like?” - “_______."
A. I live in Ha Noi. B. Sounds good. I like living there.
C. It’s good. I love it. D. No, there is no hospital there.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position ofprimary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 18: A. occur B. prefer C. apply
D. surface
Question 19: A. domination B. adventure C. grammatical D.
emergency
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Question 20: A. mended B. faced C. objected
D. waited
Question 21: A. family B. famine C. famous
D. fabricate
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22: Life expectancy for both men and women has improved greatly in the past twenty
years.
A. Living standard B. Longevity C. Life Skills D. Lifeline
Question 23: Young college and university students participate in helping the poor who have
suffered badly in wars or natural disasters.
A. get involved in B. interfere with C. join hands D. come into
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 24: As a brilliant and mature student Marie harboured the dream of a scientific
career which was impossible for a woman at that time.
A. kept B. had C. abandoned D. deleted
Question 25: After the tragic death of Pierre Curie in 1906, she not only took charge of
educating her two children but also took the position which her husband had finally obtained at
the Sorbonne.
A. brilliant B. lovely C. fascinating D.
happy
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best
combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 26: It was not until the sun was shining brightly that the little girl woke up.
A. No sooner was the sun shining brightly than the little girl woke up.
B. Not until the little girl woke up was the sun shining brightly.
 C. Not until the sun was shining brightly did the little girl wake up.
D. As soon as the little girl woke up, the sun hasn’t shone brightly yet.
Question 27: You must read the instructions. You won’t know how to use this machine
without reading them.
A. Unless you read the instructions, you won’t know how to use this machine.
B. You will know how to use this machine unless you read the instructions.
C. Without reading the instructions, the use of this machine won’t be known.
D. Reading the instructions, so you will know how to use this machine.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions
Question 28. I visit Mexico and the United States last year.
A B C D
Question 29: We are having her house painted by a construction company.
A B C D
Question 30: She is becoming increasingly forgetable. Last night she locked herself out of the
house twice.
A B C
D
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions
Question 31: It started to rain at 4 o’clock and it is still raining.
A. It has been raining at 4 o’clock.
B. It has been raining since 4 o’clock
C. It has been raining for 4 o’clock.
D. It has been raining in 4 o’clock.
Question 32: “Mum, please don’t tell Dad my mistake!” the girl said.
A. The girl insisted her mother not tell her father his mistake.
B. The girl told her mother not to mention her mistake any more.
C. The girl asked her mother not to tell her father her mistake.
D. The girl wanted her mother to keep her mistake in her heart.
Question 33: You are able to go out with your friend this evening
A. You musn’t go out with your friend this evening.
B. You should go out with your friend this evening.
C. You needn’t go out with your friend this evening
D. You can go out with your friend this evening.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Not (34) _____________ body recognises the benefits of new developments in
communications technology. Indeed, some people fear that text messaging may actually be
having a negative effect on young people’s communication and language skills, especially
when we hear that primary school children may be at risk of becoming addicted to the habit. So
widespread has texting become, however, that even pigeons have started doing it. (35)
_____________, in this case, it’s difficult to view the results as anything but positive. Twenty
of the birds are about to take to the skies with the task of measuring air pollution, each (36)
_____________with sensor equipment and a mobile phone. The readings made by the sensors
will be automatically converted into text messages and beamed to the Internet - (37)
_____________they will appear on a dedicated ‘pigeon blog’. The birds will also each have a
GPS receiver and a camera to capture aerial photos, and researchers are building a tiny ‘pigeon
kit’ containing all these gadgets. Each bird will carry these in a miniature backpack, (38)
____________ , that is, from the camera, which will hang around its neck. The data the
pigeons text will be displayed in the form of an interactive map, which will provide local
residents with up-to-the-minute information on their local air quality.
Question 34. A. nobody B. others C. every
D. all
Question 35. A. Therefore B. What’s more [Link]
D. That is
Question 36. A. armed [Link] C. granted
D. stocked
Question 37. A. when B. which C. where
D. what
Question 38. A. instead B. except C. apart
D. besides
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must
begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a
number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth -
friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet
the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily
harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us
alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar
panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries,
the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is
geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth.
Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used
to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more
abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the
technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective
geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent
of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to
conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of
alternative energy on global scale.
Question 39. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The benefits of solar and wind power over conventional energy sources.
B. Two types of alternative energy sources that should be further utilized.
C. How energy resources are tapped from nature.
D. Examples of the use of energy sources worldwide.
Question 40. Which of the following words could best replace the word “abundant”?
 A. a lot B. scarce C. little
D. enough
Question 41. The word “it” in the second paragraph refers to_____________
A. solar energy B. the earth C. sunlight D.
energy consumption
Question 42. According to the passage, how is solar energy production similar to geothermal
energy production?
A. They both require the use of a generator.
B. They both use heat from the earth’s surface.
C. They both require fairly simple technology.
D. They are both conventional and costly.
Question 43. What best describes the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To warn people about the hazards of fossil fuel use.
B. To convince people of the benefits of developing alternative energy sources.
C. To describe the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy use.
D. To outline the problems and solutions connected with global warming.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may
become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family,
traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such
as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is
no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through
election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of
research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural
leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common;
rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet
the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,
research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by
different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of
tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.
Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective
well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall
goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to
minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to
maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.
They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups
goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the
group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that
threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders
generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they
are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
Question 44. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How leadership differs in small and large groups
B. The role of leaders in social groups
C. The problems faced by leaders
D. How social groups determine who will lead them
Question 45. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become
leaders EXCEPT___________
A. recruitment B. specific leadership
training
C. traditional cultural patterns D. formal election process
Question 46. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from
paragraph 2?
A. person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on
leadership.
B. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their
qualifications.
C. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective
leader in another group.
D. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
Question 47. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________
A. sharing responsibility with group members
B. achieving a goal
C. ensuring harmonious relationships
D. identifying new leaders
Question 48. The word “collective” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to___________
A. necessary B. group C. particular D. typical
Question 49. It can be understood that___________
A. There is lots of tension and conflict in an election of a leader in the family.
B. There is usually an election to choose leaders in a family as well as in larger groups.
C. It has been said that there must be a set of personal qualities that all leaders have in
common.
D. Leaders are sometimes chosen formally or informally.
Question 50. The word “resolve” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________
A. talk about B. find a solution for
C. avoid repeating D. avoid thinking about
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