𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒
In Which Social Considerations Changed the Course of Science and Technology
𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞
Transportation and Navigation
Communication
Security And Protection
Health
Architecture and Engineering
Mass Production
Aesthetic
Record Keeping
1. TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
TRANSPORTATION
is significant during that time because people were trying to go places and discover new horizons.
NAVIGATION
assisted them in their journeys to unfamiliar and strange areas in the world.
2. COMMUNICATION
was also essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new places.
They needed a way to communicate with the natives of the areas they visited so as to facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.
3. RECORD-KEEPING
was also important since they needed to remember the places they had been to and document the trades they made with each other.
It was also vital to keep records of their history and culture so they could establish their identities as they tried to relate with other
cultures and civilizations.
4. MASS PRODUCTION
The increase in size and number of nations connoted INCREASED DEMAND FOR FOOD AND OTHER BASIC NECESSITIES.
5. SAFETY AND PROTECTION
WEAPONS AND ARMORS were important as well in the discovery of new places or the establishment of new alliances with other tribes.
6. HEALTH
CONSERVATION OF LIFE. The early people might have been successful in harnessing the rich resources that the world could provide, but
their survival posed a great problem.
7. ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
The development in engineering also ushered in the introduction of ARCHITECTURE. During ancient times, elaborate architectural designs
were signs of the technological advancement of a particular civilization.
In order to integrate their needs- for better transportation, the establishment of structures for protection from human attacks and
natural disasters, and the construction of bigger and stronger infrastructures-people offered into what is now known as the field of
ENGINEERING.
8. AESTHETIC
Humans later on developed people looked more visually PRESENTABLE AND APPEALING by adding some features and decorations to their
bodies.
Development of S&T during the PREHISTORIC TIMES
Stone Age: Paleolithic Age (3000 -1000 B.C.) to Neolithic Age (9000 – 5000 B.C.)
PREHISTORIC TIMES
Stone Tools - first tools were made of stone, bone and wood
Discovery of Fire
How did the discovery of fire help the humans during this age?
Early Hunting and Gathering Tools
slabs of bark
fishing tackle and arrows tools
Why are these tools developed?
SURVIVAL
NECESSITY
Early Communication Methods
Cave paintings
fire, smoke, and horns
oral tradition
Domestication and Agriculture
One of the most important developments in human cultural behavior occurred when people began to domesticate (control the breeding
of) plants and animals.
RISE OF CIVILIZATIONS
I. Sumerian
II. Babylonian
III. Egyptian
Mesopotamia (Cradle of Civilizations)
site for some of the world’s earliest settlements
occupied the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
I. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
earliest civilization arose over 7,000 years ago in Sumer (Iraq)
the origin of writing
city of Uruk - the largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia; the first true city in the world
Sumerian’s Contributions
1. Cuneiform
first writing system
written language, first as pictographs and then evolving into abstract forms called cuneiform
2. Uruk City
the largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia
the first true city in the world
built using mud or clay on the river mixed with sunbaked bricks
3. The Great Ziggurat of Ur
4. Irrigation and Dikes
created dikes and irrigation canals to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers
5. Sailboats
invented the sailboat and brought their goods for sale along the Persian Gulf
6. Wheels
first were not made for transportation but for farm work and food process
with the use of wheel and axle, mass production was made easier.
7. Road
first roads were developed using sunbaked bricks
II. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
derive from bav-il or bav-ilim (Akkadian) meant 'Gate of God' or 'Gate of the Gods’
developed an elaborate irrigation system of canals
Great canals, as large as rivers, ran parallel with the Tigris and Euphrates.
Babylonian’s Contributions
1. Seeder Plow
2. Jewelry Making
Jewelry making originated from the Babylonians.
They use metals and precious gems in making jewelry.
3. Medicine
using logic and recorded medical history, they were able to diagnose and treat illness with various creams and pills
4. Water pump
a water pump that transported water from the Euphrates River up to the Hanging Gardens
III. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
a desert country thriving on an agricultural economy
Egyptian’s Contributions
1. Papyrus
The Egyptians learned how to make durable sheets of parchment from the papyrus plant. It was used for important documents and
religious texts.
2. Wig
were used to protect the shaved heads of wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the SUN
3. Watercock
4. Hieroglyphics
drawings that portrayed a story and also used symbols seen on the walls of pyramids
5. Ink
black ink
Multi-colored dyes
6. Cosmetics
served a practical purpose to protect their skin from the sun
dark kohl around their eyes(eyeliner)
7. Pyramid
pyramids still stand today as monumental evidence of the scientific expertise and technical skills of the ancient Egyptians in
geometry, engineering, architecture, and labor management
