Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Naparaan Salcedo Eastern Samar

Salcedo Vocational High School

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfilment of....

EFFECTIVENESS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IN CHOOSING COLLEGE COURSES AMONG THE SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OF ABM STRAND IN SALCEDO VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL.
 Background of the study
( General idea)

Choosing the right senior high school strand is a pivotal decision for students who aspire to build
successful careers in the business world. Among the various strands available, the Accountancy,
Business, and Management (ABM) strand stands out for its comprehensive focus on equipping students
with essential skills in finance, entrepreneurship, and strategic management. As a strand under the K-12
program, ABM aims to develop students' critical thinking, problem-solving, and leadership skills,
preparing them for higher education and the workforce. The ABM strand emphasizes practical skills and
real-world applications, ensuring that students are career-ready upon graduation. By participating in
various business-related activities, they develop a deep understanding of industry practices and
expectations. This readiness enables them to secure entry-level positions in accounting firms, banks,
retail companies, and other business enterprises, setting them on a path to successful careers.The ABM
strand lays a solid foundation for students who wish to pursue higher education in various business-
related fields. With its comprehensive curriculum that covers essential aspects of accountancy, business,
and management, ABM graduates are well-prepared to excel in college and beyond.

( RRL)

Research has shown that the ABM strand has a significant impact on the career choices and academic
performance of senior high school students. According to a study by Baticulon et al. (2019), students
who took the ABM strand reported increased confidence in their ability to pursue business-related
courses in college. Another study by Ancheta et al. (2020) found that ABM students performed better in
accounting and business-related subjects compared to students from other strands. These findings
suggest that the ABM strand is effective in preparing students for business-related careers.

( Research Gap... What is known and unknown about your proposed study

Facts and Thruths about the issue being investigated)

There's a noticeable gap in this study the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business, and Management
(ABM) strand for Senior High School graduates. While many studies have looked at the general
outcomes of Senior High School programs, few have focused specifically on the ABM strand. As a result,
we don't know enough about how well this program prepares students for their future careers or
college. The impact of the ABM strand on student outcomes, such as employability and
entrepreneurship, remains unclear. Additionally, there's limited understanding of how the program
affects students' academic readiness for higher education. This lack of research makes it challenging for
educators and policymakers to improve the program. There's a need for in-depth analysis of the ABM
strand's effectiveness to inform decision-making. By studying this program, we can identify areas for
improvement and enhance student outcomes. This research gap is particularly significant for schools like
Salcedo Vocational High School, which offer the ABM strand to their students. Filling this gap can help
ensure that the program is meeting its intended goals and providing students with the skills they need to
succeed.Despite the growing popularity of the ABM strand, there is still a need to investigate its
effectiveness in specific contexts, such as SVHS. While existing studies have explored the impact of ABM
on student outcomes, few have examined the experiences of students in vocational high schools like
Salcedo Vocational High School. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the effectiveness
of the ABM strand among senior high school graduates at Salcedo Vocational High School.

( Related Study only 1 study. Find similar studies that inspire you to choose this study. Give an
argument/evedince , reason why do you need to conduct this study. )

This study assessed the readiness of senior high school grade 12 ABM students in Batangas City to take
an accounting degree in college. The study sought to know the extent of college readiness and measure
the skills of Grade 12 ABM students, to know the significant relationship between the readiness of ABM
grade 12 students and ABM skills, the challenges that students encountered, and to develop an action
plan based on the findings. The researchers utilized a descriptive research design with the use of
stratified random sampling and used the selfmade constructed questionnaire as the main instrument in
the study. The gathered data were treated using statistical tools. The source materials used were from
the internet to gather the needed data. The findings showed that the majority of students agreed that
they were ready to take an accounting degree in college in terms of cognitive strategies, content
knowledge, academic behavior, and contextual skills and awareness. The measurement of Grade 12
ABM skills in terms of critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and communication results as
moderately high, indicating that students were in an excellent position to pursue an accounting degree
in college. The readiness of ABM grade 12 students had a positive correlation with ABM skills. The
challenges resulted in ABM students experiencing different situations that often affected their academic
performance. The action plan aimed to improve the Four Facets of College Readiness, 4C’s of 21st
Century Learning Skills, and ABM students' challenges. The objectives targeted the items with the lowest
scores for each area. A success indicator was added to determine its effectivity.

(Readiness of senior high school grade 12 ABM students in Batangas City to take an accounting degree in
college Jehara Mae D Nicolas, Cheenie M Andal, Ellen May B Ariola, Cristen N De Castro, Shaine F Fallan,
Robert John R Perez SDCA Asia-Pacific Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 49)

(Context/Concern of your study. What is the objective of the study? Who will be affected by the
study? )

The study's context/concern is to determine the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) strand among senior high school graduates. The objective is to determine the
extent to which the ABM strand prepares students for higher education and/or careers in business-
related fields. The study will affect graduating students who chose the ABM strand, as well as
educational institutions that offer the program. The ABM strand is a popular academic track for students
interested in business, finance, and management. However, there's a need to evaluate its effectiveness
in equipping students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes for success in college and
careers. The study may investigate how well the ABM curriculum aligns with the demands of college
programs in business, accountancy, and related fields, might also assess how prepared ABM graduates
feel for entering the workforce and their ability to apply their learning in practical settings. The
objectives of this study is to determine the academic performance of ABM graduates in college or their
chosen careers. To assess the alignment of the ABM curriculum with the requirements of higher
education and professional fields. To understand the factors that influence students' decisions to choose
their course in college.. To gather feedback from ABM graduates on their experiences and whether the
strand adequately prepared them for their next steps. The study's findings can provide valuable insights
for current and future ABM students, helping them make informed decisions about their academic and
career paths.

( Reason why you conduct this study. Why do you need to conduct this study )

We conducted this research to evaluate the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business, and
Management (ABM) program at Salcedo Vocational High School. We aimed to identify areas of strength
and weakness in the program to inform evidence-based improvements. We conduct this research to
know and to identify the factors that affect the students in decision making to pursue their course in
college. In Salcedo vocational high school, most students who graduate from the ABM strand tend to
pursue college courses that do not align with their previous strand in the K-12 curriculum, such as
accountancy. This phenomenon raises questions about the factors influencing their decision to choose a
different path after graduation and how effective does ABM strand toward the journey of the Graduated
students in Senoir High School. Therefore, this research aims to identify and understand the various
influences and motivations behind students' decisions to pursue college courses that are not directly
related to their ABM strand in high school.

Statement of the Problem:

This study aims to determine the effectivity of ABM strand among the Senior High School Graduate in
Salcedo Vocational High School taking their college courses. To explore the reasons behind on not
pursuing college courses that is related to the ABM strand.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the Senior High School Graduate of ABM strand?

1.1 Graduates from 2017 to 2023.

1.2 Graduates of ABM Strand in Salcedo Vocational High School.

2. How effective the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) program in Salcedo Vocational
High School.

3. What are the factors influencing their decision to choose a different path after graduation and how
effective does ABM strand toward the journey of the Graduated students in Senoir High School? What
are the factors that affect the students decision making to pursue their course in college?
SCOPE OF DELIMITATION :

This study focuses on determining the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business, and Management
(ABM) strand among senior high school graduates of Salcedo Vocational High School (SVHS).It focus on
knowing how well the ABM strand has equipped graduates with the necessary competencies to
continue higher education, or business knowledge, accounting principles, communication skills,
and ,problem-solving. It aims to assess how well the ABM strand has prepared students for college,
employment, and entrepreneurial opportunities after graduation.

The study covers the graduates from the academic years 2017 to 2023. Data will be collected
through surveys and interviews with former students, as well as feedback from selected teachers and
employers where applicable.It is also gathered primarily through surveys issued to these graduates,
which will solicit input on different components of the program, including curriculum content, skill
development, and the application of learned abilities in real-world contexts.

This researchers limited the study to minimum of 40 Grade 12 ABM strand graduates of SVHS. It does
not include students from other strands like HUMSS, STEM, and TVL.The study will also not cover
current students who have not yet graduated, not also will evaluate the ABM curriculum at the national
level.

Moreover, the research will not measure long-term career success but will focus primarily on
immediate outcomes,examples the college readiness, employment status, and perceived skills within 1–
2 years after graduation.

Significance of study :

The Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand in Senior High School curriculum was
designed to prepare students for careers and further studies in business-related fields where students
have such advantage in terms of business. As the demand for entrepreneurial and financial literacy
continues to rise in the 21st-century economy, the ABM strand plays a crucial role in equipping students
with essential knowledge and practical skills. Moreover, ensuring that senior high school graduates are
well prepared for their future studies and future careers. This results will be useful to;

From the starts of classes students may learn alots of basic accounting principles such as book keeping,
and financial management. This strand able to trains students to analyze financial data, make informed
decisions and problem solving-skills essential for any successful accountants.

Teachers through assessing if the present ABM curriculum satisfies its intended objectives, and by
determining areas for improvement on instructional approaches and materials.Since teacher known as a
second Mother and Father (Parents) they encourage the students to study and well teach.
 By parents ensuring that they are given confidence that their children are well prepared in their
preferred track and career aspirations.Supporting in financial and cheering there child is very important
they feel embrace and appreciated.

Taking ABM strand help students to progress their critical thinking and problem solving. Furthermore, it
give
Profile of thethem experienced in term of accounting in the future, after they graduate they can have a extra job
respondents:
or sidelines while in college cuz they have enough skill and knowledge.
a. Age
Conceptual Framework:
b. Sex
This study examines the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) senior
c. Year-level
high school curriculum among the senior high school graduates in Salcedo Vocational High School with
Factors the skills and
influencing inknowledge
choosing required for success in business-related tertiary education. The study posits
that the ABM curriculum's core components are business mathematics and accounting principles,
college courses:
business management theories and practices, and marketing and entrepreneurship strategies cultivate
a ) Personal Factors
entrepreneurial self-efficacy and prepare students for college-level business coursework. Further
analysis will explore the correlation between specific curriculum components and student outcomes,
b.) Economic Factors
including academic performance in higher education and entrepreneurial ventures. This study will also
consider the impact of factors beyond the curriculum, such as student demographics and access to
resources, on student outcomes.

INPUT. PROCESS.
OUTPUT

a.) adminestiring of the

b. tabulation of students
Effectiveness and Factors
responses
influencing in choosing college
c. statistical analysis of data and courses among the Senior
interpretation High School Graduate of ABM
strand in Salcedo Vocational
Theoretical Framework: High School

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), developed by Albert Bandura in 1986. Proposed that Social Cognitive
theory provides a valuable framework for understanding the effectiveness of the Accountancy, Business,
and Management (ABM) strand in senior high school. SCT emphasizes the interplay of personal factors
like self-efficacy where the ABM students belief in their ability to succeed in business-related tasks and
careers is crucial. The research suggests that developing self-efficacy through mastery experiences like
successful project completion, social persuasion a positive feedback from teachers and peers, and
vicarious experiences like observing successful ABM graduates can enhance their career readiness.
Behavioral factors like goal-setting. Setting clear and achievable goals related to their desired career
paths is another important aspect of SCT. ABM students who have well-defined goals are more likely to
stay focused and motivated throughout their studies and beyond. The outcome expectations, the beliefs
about the positive outcomes of pursuing business careers Students' perceptions of the potential rewards
and benefits of pursuing a business career influence their motivation and choices. If ABM students
believe that the skills they are learning will lead to desirable outcomes, such as career advancement or
entrepreneurship opportunities, they are more likely to be engaged and successful. their experiences in
the ABM program ,learning experiences where ABM strand's curriculum, including practical training,
work immersion, and business simulations, provides valuable learning experiences that shape students'
knowledge, skills, and attitudes. According to one study, access to adequate resources and experienced
teachers also significantly impacts the effectiveness of these learning experiences, all contribute to their
effectiveness and career readiness. By understanding how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, learning
experiences, cand career goals, educators and counselors can better support ABM students in their
academic and career journeys, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of the ABM strand in preparing
them for success in the business world.

Two prominent mindset theories are the fixed mindset and the growth mindset, as defined by Carol
Dweck. These mindsets influence how students approach challenges, learning, and their overall
academic and entrepreneurial journey. Individuals with a fixed mindset believe that their abilities and
intelligence are innate and unchangeable. They may view challenges as threats to their perceived
intelligence and avoid situations where they might fail. Difficult tasks are seen as evidence of their
limitations, rather than opportunities for growth. This mindset can hinder learning and limit the
development of new skills and knowledge. In contrast, a growth mindset emphasizes the belief that
abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning. Individuals with a growth
mindset embrace challenges as opportunities to learn and improve.They view setbacks as temporary
and see effort as a path to mastery. This mindset fosters resilience, encourages perseverance, and
promotes a more positive learning experience. Impact on ABM Students in their academic performance,
a growth mindset can lead to better academic performance, as students are more likely to persist
through difficult subjects like accounting and business management.A growth mindset is linked to a
stronger entrepreneurial attitude, as students are more willing to take calculated risks and pursue new
opportunities. Students with a growth mindset often exhibit higher self-efficacy, believing in their ability
to succeed in their chosen field. A growth mindset is associated with higher levels of happiness,
satisfaction, and mental wellness, as students are better equipped to handle challenges and setbacks.

By understanding and cultivating a growth mindset, ABM students can better navigate the challenges of
their chosen field, develop their entrepreneurial potential, and ultimately achieve greater success and
well-being.

Trait-and-Factor Theory: This theory, rooted in Frank Parsons' work, suggests that career success
depends on matching an individual's traits (aptitudes, interests, personality) with the requirements of a
specific occupation. For ABM students, this means understanding their strengths and weaknesses in
areas like accounting, business management, and communication, and then aligning these with suitable
career paths like accounting, finance, or entrepreneurship. Trait and factor theory, in the context of
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students, suggests that career choices are best made
by aligning an individual's unique traits and skills with suitable career paths. This emphasizes the
importance of self-understanding (identifying one's traits) and understanding the requirements of
different occupations. For ABM students, this means recognizing their strengths in areas like numerical
skills, analytical thinking, and communication, and then exploring careers that align with these
strengths. Self-Assessment where ABM students should identify their strengths, such as strong analytical
skills, problem-solving abilities, communication skills, and interest in business and finance, exploring
their interests within the broad field of business, whether it's accounting, marketing, management, or
entrepreneurship, reflecting on their personal values and how they align with different career paths
(e.g., a desire for stability, a need for creativity, or a focus on social impact). In career exploration, ABM
students should research various career paths within the business field, understanding the required
skills, educational paths, and potential career progression, utilize career counseling services, attending
career fairs, and seeking advice from professionals in their areas of interest, seeking internships, part-
time jobs, or volunteer opportunities to gain practical experience and further refine their career
interests. In decision making, the core of this theory lies in matching the identified traits and skills with
the requirements of different career options, by understanding their strengths and interests, and
researching career options, ABM students can make more informed and confident decisions about their
future, looking beyond immediate job prospects and considering long-term career goals and potential
for growth.

In essence, trait and factor theory encourages ABM students to understand themselves their strengths,
weaknesses, interests, and values. Explore career options like researching different paths within the
business field and gaining practical experience. Making informed decisions in matching their unique
profile with suitable career opportunities. By applying this approach, ABM students can increase their
chances of finding fulfilling and successful careers that align with their individual traits and aspirations.

Definition of terms:

1. Senior High School – Senior high school covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes
Grades 11 and 12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their
choice (Department of Education, n.d.)

2. Track – In this research, tracks are fields of education that students will choose upon entering senior
high school. These tracks are the Academic, Technical-vocational-livelihood and sports and arts.

3. Strand – In this research, a strand is a division of a track that specializes in a certain field.