Fan Drive System

The fan drive system cools the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank. The fan drive system also filters the
hydraulic oil.

(1) Axle oil cooler. (2) Flow divider valve. (3) Filter bypass valve. (4) Hydraulic oil filter. (5) Hydraulic oil cooler. (6) Hydraulic oil
cooler bypass valve. (7) Fan drive pump. (8) Fan pump discharge line. (9) Fan drive motor. (10) Return line to the hydraulic oil tank.
(11) Fan pump suction line. (12) Case drain line. (13) Hydraulic oil tank. (AA) Oil sample port. (BB) Pressure tap for the fan drive
system.

(7) Fan Drive Pump. (8) Discharge line. (11) Suction line. (12) Case drain line. (BB) Pressure tap.

Fan drive pump (7) is mounted on the right side of

the engine toward the rear of the machine. The fan
drive pump draws oil from the hydraulic oil tank
through supply line (11). Pressurized oil then flows
to fan drive motor (9) through hydraulic oil line (8)

Pressure tap (BB) is available to check the pressure

setting of the relief valve in the fan drive motor.
Fan drive motor (9) is located at the rear of the
machine at the center of the fan. Pressurized oil from
the fan drive pump flows into inlet (8). The high
pressure of the oil causes the fan blades on the shaft of
fan drive motor (9) to rotate.

The oil then flows through the outlet to the hydraulic

oil cooler. Case drain oil from the fan drive motor (9)
flows through a hydraulic oil line to the hydraulic oil
tank.

(5) Hydraulic oil cooler. (6) Hydraulic oil cooler bypass valve.

The rotation of the fan causes cool air to flow through

the hydraulic oil cooler (5). The flow of air cools the
hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil cooler (5) .

After the hydraulic oil exits the fan drive motor, the oil
flows through hydraulic oil line to hydraulic oil cooler
(5). When the engine is first started and the hydraulic
oil is cold, the oil from the fan drive motor can not
easily flow through hydraulic oil cooler (5). The oil
pressure increases in the hydraulic oil cooler and hydraulic oil cooler bypass valve (6)
opens. Bypass valve (2) limits the maximum oil pressure in the hydraulic oil cooler to 448 ±
55 kPa (65 ± 8 psi).

When the temperature of the oil increases, and the

pressure of the oil decreases, the force of the spring in
hydraulic oil cooler bypass valve (6) is greater than the
force of the oil pressure that is acting on the spring.
This allows the bypass valve to close. The hydraulic
oil then flows through hydraulic oil cooler (5) to the
hydraulic oil filter (4) .

Hydraulic oil filter (4) is located above the steering

cylinder on the left side of the machine. After the oil
exits the hydraulic oil cooler, the oil flows to the
hydraulic oil filter. The oil then flows through
hydraulic oil line to the hydraulic oil tank.
Note: If the machine has an optional axle oil cooler (1) the oil does not flow from hydraulic
oil filter (4) directly back to the hydraulic oil tank. The oil flows from the hydraulic oil filter
to the flow divider valve (2). The oil then flows through the axle oil cooler (1) and back to
the flow divider valve (2). The axle oil cooler is a heat exchanger that is located in the axle
of the machine. Cooled hydraulic oil is sent through the heat exchanger in order to cool the
axle oil. The oil then returns to the hydraulic oil tank.

If hydraulic oil filter (4) becomes plugged, the oil pressure in the filter increases. Once the
oil pressure in the oil filter reaches approximately 172 kPa (25 psi), the hydraulic oil filter
bypass valve opens.

Oil that flows through the bypass valve returns through a hydraulic oil line to the hydraulic
oil tank. When the bypass valve opens, a bypass switch sends an electrical signal to the
Caterpillar Monitoring System. The Caterpillar Monitoring System warns the operator of a
fault in the hydraulic oil filter.

Fluid sampling valve (AA) is available to check the quality of the hydraulic oil.

Reference: For more information on checking the pump pressure and fan motor speed, refer
to the Service Manual module for Testing and Adjusting, "Gear Pump (Fan Drive) Pressure
and Gear Motor (Fan Drive) Speed - Test".

Reference: For more information on obtaining a hydraulic oil sample, refer to the Service
Manual module for Operation and Maintenance Manual, "S·O·S Oil Analysis" for the
machine that is being serviced.
 (1) Torque for plug ... 105 ± 10 N·m (77 ± 7 lb ft)
(2) Torque for plug ... 90 ± 15 N·m (65 ± 10 lb ft)
(3) Torque for four head bolts ... 100 ± 20 N·m (75 ± 15 lb ft)
Type ... Variable Displacement Piston Pump
The rotation of the shaft is clockwise when the pump is viewed
from the shaft end.
Use SAE 10 oil at 65 °C (149 °F) to test the pump.
Test at Full Speed:
Output ... 56 L/min (14.6 US gpm)
Pressure ... 690 kPa (100 psi)
Pump speed ... 1545 rpm
Engine speed ... 1545 rpm

Output ... 53 L/min (13.8 US gpm)

Pressure ... 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
Pump speed ... 1545 rpm
Engine speed ... 1545 rpm
Test at Half Speed:
Output ... 28 L/min (7.3 US gpm)
Pressure ... 690 kPa (100 psi)
Pump speed ... 773 rpm
Engine speed ... 773 rpm

Output ... 26 L/min (6.8 US gpm)

Pressure ... 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
Pump speed ... 773 rpm
Engine speed ... 773 rpm
(1) Case drain for the fan motor
(2) Fan drive pump
(3) Outlet port
(AA) Pressure tap for the fan drive pump
(5) Inlet port

Fan drive pump (2) is mounted on the right side of the

engine toward the rear of the machine. The fan drive pump
is a piston pump that is driven by the camshaft gear. The fan
drive pump is a variable displacement pump. The fan drive
pump only functions when the engine is in operation.

Piston pump (fan drive)

(6) Pump housing (7) Piston shoe (8) Actuator piston (9) Cylinder barrel assembly (10) Drive shaft (11) Swashplate (12) Shoe plate
(13) Piston (14) Port plate (15) Pump head

When drive shaft (10) is rotated, cylinder barrel (9) , pistons (13) , piston shoes (7) , and
shoe plates (12) turn when the engine is running. There are nine pistons in the barrel
housing. The remaining pump components are fastened to the pump housing (6) .

Oil from the hydraulic oil tank flows into pump head (15) at the inlet passage. The oil flows
through inlet passages into port plate (14) . As drive shaft (10) turns, the openings of the
cylinder barrel move by the inlet passages of port plate (14) .
Each piston (13) inside cylinder barrels (9) is held against swashplate (11) by shoe plate (12)
. Swashplate (11) can be at any angle between the maximum and the minimum angles.

As pistons (13) follow the angle of swashplate (11) , the pistons move in and out of cylinder
barrels (9) . When a piston (13) moves out of the cylinder barrel (9) , oil is pulled in behind
the piston.

The angle of swashplate (11) determines the amount of oil that is drawn into each cylinder
barrel (9) . As the barrel assembly continues to rotate, the swashplate angle pushes the
pistons into the barrel.

The pistons push oil out of the cylinder barrel through the outlet passage in port plate (14) .
The angle of the swashplate determines the amount of oil that is pumped out of each
cylinder barrel (9) for each drive shaft rotation.

There are an infinite number of swashplate angles between the neutral angle and the
maximum angle. A greater swashplate angle will result in more oil flow through port plate
(14) . The increased oil flow passes through port plate (14) to the outlet passage.

With swashplate (14) at a minimum, pistons (13) do not move in and out of the rotating
cylinder barrel. No oil is drawn into the pump and no oil is pumped out of the pump. The
pump has zero displacement and zero flow.

When the swashplate (11) is at the maximum angle, the pump is at the maximum
displacement and full flow.

The swashplate angle is controlled by the actuator piston (8) . Actuator piston (8) is
activated by oil pressure from the compensator valve.

ReferenceFor additional information about the specifications for the fan drive pump, refer
to the Service Manual module Specifications, "Wheel Loader Hydraulic System, Piston
Pump (Hydraulic Fan)".

ReferenceFor additional information on the testing and the adjustment of the fan drive
pump, refer to the Service Manual module for the Testing and Adjusting, "Wheel Loader
Electro-Hydraulic System, Fan Drive Speed - Test and Adjust".