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Fluids

Fluids are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container, classified into gases and liquids. Key properties include viscosity, density, pressure, temperature, and surface tension, with classifications based on compressibility, viscosity, flow behavior, and flow regime. Examples of fluids range from liquids like water and oil to gases like air and non-Newtonian fluids like toothpaste, with applications in hydraulic systems, aerodynamics, and more.

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42 views2 pages

Fluids

Fluids are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container, classified into gases and liquids. Key properties include viscosity, density, pressure, temperature, and surface tension, with classifications based on compressibility, viscosity, flow behavior, and flow regime. Examples of fluids range from liquids like water and oil to gases like air and non-Newtonian fluids like toothpaste, with applications in hydraulic systems, aerodynamics, and more.

Uploaded by

jimcessoliven122
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fluids: Definitions, Classifications, and Examples

Definition of Fluids: A fluid is a substance that can flow and does


not have a fixed shape. Fluids take the shape of their container and
can be either gases or liquids. They have the ability to deform
continuously under the application of a shear stress.

Key Properties of Fluids: - Viscosity: A measure of a fluid’s


resistance to deformation or flow. - Density: Mass per unit volume
of the fluid. - Pressure: The force exerted by the fluid per unit area.
- Temperature: Affects the fluid’s density and viscosity. - Surface
Tension: The elastic tendency of a fluid surface.

Classifications of Fluids:
1. Based on Compressibility:
o Compressible Fluids: Density changes significantly
with pressure (e.g., gases).
o Incompressible Fluids: Density remains nearly
constant (e.g., most liquids).
2. Based on Viscosity:
o Ideal (Non-viscous) Fluids: No viscosity; purely
theoretical.
o Real Fluids: Have viscosity and exist in reality.
3. Based on Flow Behavior:
o Newtonian Fluids: Viscosity is constant, regardless of
the applied shear rate (e.g., water, air).
o Non-Newtonian Fluids: Viscosity changes with the
rate of shear strain (e.g., ketchup, blood).
4. Based on Flow Regime:
o Laminar Flow: Smooth, orderly fluid motion.
o Turbulent Flow: Chaotic and irregular fluid motion.

Examples of Fluids:
 Liquids:
o Water
o Oil
o Mercury
o Alcohol
o Blood
 Gases:
o Air
o Helium
o Oxygen
o Carbon Dioxide
o Steam
 Non-Newtonian Fluids:
o Toothpaste
o Cornstarch in water (oobleck)
o Paint

Applications of Fluid Mechanics: - Hydraulic systems -


Aerodynamics - Weather forecasting - Blood flow analysis - Pipe and
sewage design

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