In the context of industrial valves, the term valve trim refers to the internal, movable
components that directly interact with the flowing fluid to control its passage. These
parts are crucial for regulating flow, pressure, and temperature within a system, and
their proper design and material selection significantly impact the valve's overall
performance, durability, and reliability.
Key components of valve trim
While specific components can vary based on valve type, the essential elements of
valve trim typically include:
Disc/Plug/Ball/Gate: The component that directly obstructs or allows fluid
flow, according to CovnaV. Its shape defines the valve type (e.g., gate, ball, plug).
Seat(s): The surface(s) against which the disc/plug/ball seals to prevent leakage. Seats
can be integral or replaceable.
Stem: The component that transmits motion from the actuator (handwheel, lever, etc.)
to the disc/plug/ball, controlling its position.
Backseat: A shoulder on the stem that seals against the bonnet when the valve is fully
open, preventing leakage past the packing.
Guides and Bushings: Components that support the stem and maintain alignment,
crucial for smooth operation and preventing wear.
Packing & Gaskets: While often considered separate, packing and gaskets within the
trim assembly ensure pressure tightness and prevent external leakage, notes CovnaV.
Importance of valve trim
Valve trim is crucial for controlling flow, ensuring durability against wear, and facilitating
maintenance through modular designs. Its components are constantly exposed to the
process fluid, making material selection vital for longevity.
Types and characteristics of valve trim
Valve trim can be categorized by design and function, including:
Soft Trim: Uses non-metallic materials for tight shut-off in non-abrasive applications.
Metal Trim: Uses robust metals for high-pressure, high-temperature, and severe
service.
Balanced Trim: Reduces actuator load in high-pressure uses.
Snap Trim (Quick Opening): Opens rapidly for on/off services.
Nominal Trim (Linear): Provides consistent flow change per valve stroke for throttling
liquids and level control.
Equal Percentage Trim: Gives the same percentage flow change per stroke increment
for precise gas and vapor throttling.
Material selection
Selecting the right trim material is vital for performance and lifespan. Factors include
fluid compatibility, operating conditions (temperature, pressure, solids), and desired
service life. Common materials are Stainless Steel for general use and corrosion
resistance, Hardened Trim for severe applications, and specialized alloys for corrosive
fluids.
Understanding valve trim is key to selecting the correct valve for optimal fluid handling
and system reliability.
