✅ MCQs on Data Types (Digital Fundamentals)

1. Which of the following is a floating-point data type?

A. int
B. char
C. float
D. bool
Ans: C

2. The range of unsigned 8-bit integer is:

A. 0 to 127
B. -128 to 127
C. 0 to 255
D. -255 to 255
Ans: C

3. A 16-bit signed integer can represent values from:

A. -32768 to 32767
B. 0 to 65535
C. -65536 to 65535
D. -128 to 127
Ans: A

4. What is the size of a float in most modern 32-bit systems?

A. 2 bytes
B. 4 bytes
C. 6 bytes
D. 8 bytes
Ans: B

5. Which of the following is not a basic data type in C?

A. int
B. struct
C. char
D. float
Ans: B

6. A Boolean data type can have how many values?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. Infinite
Ans: C

7. In C, the data type used for single character storage is:

A. char
B. string
C. int
D. byte
Ans: A

8. What is the precision of a double data type?

A. 4 decimal digits
B. 6 decimal digits
C. 10 decimal digits
D. 15-16 decimal digits
Ans: D

9. Which data type is best for storing a person's age?

A. float
B. char
C. int
D. bool
Ans: C

10. Which of the following is not a valid C data type?

A. double
B. float
C. real
D. int
Ans: C

📘 CUET PG / MCA PYQ Style Questions

11. (CUET PG) The range of an 8-bit signed integer is:

A. -128 to 127
B. 0 to 255
C. -255 to 255
D. -127 to 128
Ans: A
12. (PYQ) The size of a double variable is generally:
A. 2 bytes
B. 4 bytes
C. 6 bytes
D. 8 bytes
Ans: D

13. (CUET PG-style) Which of the following is a derived data type?

A. int
B. float
C. struct
D. char
Ans: C

14. Which of the following can hold decimal values?

A. int
B. char
C. float
D. bool
Ans: C

15. Which data type is suitable for storing status flags (true/false)?
A. bool
B. float
C. int
D. char
Ans: A

More Practice

16. How many values can a 3-bit binary number represent?

A. 8
B. 6
C. 16
D. 4
Ans: A

17. A short int in C typically uses:

A. 8 bits
B. 16 bits
C. 32 bits
D. 64 bits
Ans: B

18. What is the smallest standard data type in C?

A. int
B. char
C. double
D. float
Ans: B

19. The C data type unsigned int means:

A. No sign is used
B. It stores only positive values
C. Twice the normal range
D. Stores only characters
Ans: B

20. Data type used to store large numbers accurately in scientific calculations:
A. int
B. float
C. double
D. char
Ans: C

Final 10 Questions

21. Which of these types occupies the most memory?

A. int
B. float
C. double
D. char
Ans: C

22. Data type long in C has a size of:

A. 2 bytes
B. 4 bytes
C. 8 bytes
D. System dependent
Ans: D
23. A 64-bit processor means it can handle:
A. 64 instructions at once
B. 64-bit wide memory addresses
C. 64-bit graphics
D. None
Ans: B

24. Which of the following is not a scalar data type?

A. int
B. float
C. array
D. char
Ans: C

25. In Java, byte data type has range:

A. 0 to 255
B. -128 to 127
C. -255 to 255
D. 0 to 127
Ans: B

26. Which data type supports decimal and exponential representation?

A. int
B. float
C. char
D. bool
Ans: B

27. The default data type for decimal values in C is:

A. double
B. int
C. float
D. long
Ans: A

28. Which data type is best suited to store 'Y' or 'N' values?
A. int
B. char
C. bool
D. float
Ans: B
29. The data type used to store 1 character in C is:
A. int
B. char
C. string
D. bool
Ans: B

30. (CUET PYQ Style) What is the size of bool in C++?

A. 1 byte
B. 2 bytes
C. 4 bytes
D. 8 bytes
Ans: A

MCQ Set on Number Systems and Conversion:

🧠 CUET PG MCA – Number Systems & Conversions: 30 MCQs

Q1. What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 25?

A. 11001
B. 11101
C. 10101
D. 10011
✅ Answer: A

Q2. What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 11010?

A. 24
B. 25
C. 26
D. 30
✅ Answer: C

Q3. Which of the following number systems is base-8?

A. Binary
B. Decimal
C. Octal
D. Hexadecimal
✅ Answer: C
Q4. Convert 11110011 (binary) to hexadecimal.
A. F3
B. E3
C. D2
D. C4
✅ Answer: A

Q5. What is the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number A7?

A. 10100111
B. 11101001
C. 11010110
D. 10111001
✅ Answer: A

Q6. What is the hexadecimal representation of the decimal number 255?

A. FF
B. FE
C. F0
D. EF
✅ Answer: A

Q7. Convert the octal number 75 to decimal.

A. 61
B. 62
C. 65
D. 69
✅ Answer: C

Q8. Which of the following is a valid binary number?

A. 1021
B. 0101
C. 238
D. 8B3
✅ Answer: B

Q9. Convert the decimal number 64 into octal.

A. 80
B. 100
C. 120
D. 144
✅ Answer: B
Q10. Which number system uses digits 0 to 9 and A to F?
A. Decimal
B. Octal
C. Binary
D. Hexadecimal
✅ Answer: D

Q11. The number 0x1F in hexadecimal is equivalent to ____ in decimal.

A. 15
B. 25
C. 31
D. 41
✅ Answer: C

Q12. Which of the following is NOT a positional number system?

A. Decimal
B. Roman
C. Binary
D. Octal
✅ Answer: B

Q13. Which base is used in the decimal number system?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16
✅ Answer: C

Q14. Convert decimal 345 to hexadecimal.

A. 159
B. 153
C. 158
D. 15F
✅ Answer: D

Q15. What is 1001 in decimal?

A. 7
B. 9
C. 11
D. 10
✅ Answer: B
Q16. Convert hexadecimal 2A to binary.
A. 101110
B. 101001
C. 00101010
D. 100011
✅ Answer: C

Q17. Octal 123 is equivalent to binary:

A. 1010011
B. 01001011
C. 001010011
D. 110110
✅ Answer: C

Q18. Decimal 1000 = ____ in binary

A. 1111101000
B. 1001001000
C. 111101000
D. 111110000
✅ Answer: A

Q19. Binary to decimal: 101101

A. 45
B. 43
C. 47
D. 41
✅ Answer: A

Q20. What is the hexadecimal for binary 1101 0101?

A. D4
B. D5
C. A7
D. E3
✅ Answer: B

🔁 CUET PG PYQs from this topic:

Q21. CUET PG 2023: Which of the following represents the octal equivalent of binary 101011?
A. 53
B. 56
C. 52
D. 54
✅ Answer: A

Q22. CUET PG 2022: Convert hexadecimal 3F into decimal.

A. 62
B. 63
C. 64
D. 65
✅ Answer: B

Q23. CUET PG 2021: What is the binary equivalent of decimal number 255?
A. 11111110
B. 11111100
C. 11111111
D. 11111000
✅ Answer: C

More Practice (24–30):

Q24. What is the decimal equivalent of octal 17?

A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18
✅ Answer: B

Q25. Hexadecimal 7F equals what in binary?

A. 01111110
B. 01111111
C. 00111111
D. 11111111
✅ Answer: B

Q26. Which of the following number systems is NOT used in computers?

A. Binary
B. Hexadecimal
C. Quaternary
D. Decimal
✅ Answer: C
Q27. Which number system is used by digital computers?
A. Octal
B. Hexadecimal
C. Binary
D. Decimal
✅ Answer: C

Q28. Convert binary 100000 into decimal.

A. 64
B. 32
C. 16
D. 128
✅ Answer: B

Q29. Convert decimal 18 to binary.

A. 10010
B. 10101
C. 10001
D. 10011
✅ Answer: A

Q30. Convert hexadecimal 1A to decimal.

A. 20
B. 25
C. 26
D. 30
✅ Answer: C

🧠 Topic: Complements (1’s and 2’s Complement, 9’s and 10’s Complement, r’s and (r–1)’s
Complement)

1. The 1’s complement of binary number 101100 is:

a) 010011
b) 101100
✅ c) 010011
d) 101011
2. The 2’s complement of binary number 1101 is:

a) 1100
✅ b) 0011
c) 1110
d) 0001

3. The 2’s complement of 00001101 is:

a) 00001100
b) 00001111
✅ c) 11110011
d) 00010010

4. The 2’s complement of 0 is:

a) 0
✅ b) 0
c) 1
d) Undefined

5. What is the 1’s complement of 11111111?

✅ a) 00000000
b) 11111110
c) 00000001
d) 11111111

6. The 9’s complement of decimal number 456 is:

a) 654
✅ b) 543
c) 999
d) 444

7. The 10’s complement of 456 is:

a) 543
✅ b) 544
c) 555
d) 545

8. The 9’s complement of 1000 is:

a) 1000
✅ b) 8999
c) 9999
d) 0001

9. 2’s complement of binary number 00000101 is:

a) 00000101
✅ b) 11111011
c) 00001011
d) 11111111

10. r’s complement is used mainly for:

✅ a) Subtraction
b) Multiplication
c) Addition
d) Division

11. The (r-1)’s complement of decimal number 327 is:

a) 672
✅ b) 672
c) 773
d) 888

12. In base-10 system, (r–1)’s complement is known as:

a) 1's complement
✅ b) 9’s complement
c) 10’s complement
d) 8’s complement

13. Which method uses 2’s complement for subtraction in binary arithmetic?

✅ a) Complement and add method

b) Direct subtraction
c) Decimal conversion
d) Floating subtraction

14. 2's complement representation is used in:

a) BCD arithmetic
✅ b) Signed binary arithmetic
c) Hexadecimal multiplication
d) Boolean algebra

15. 1’s complement of 00000000 is:

✅ a) 11111111
b) 00000001
c) 00000000
d) 11111110

16. The 10's complement of 999 is:

a) 999
b) 000
✅ c) 001
d) 1001

17. Which of the following is true about 2’s complement?

✅ a) It represents negative numbers
b) It’s used only in floating point
c) Cannot represent zero
d) Same as 1's complement

18. What is the 2’s complement of 00000001?

a) 11111110
✅ b) 11111111
c) 00000000
d) 11111101

19. The 9’s complement of 1234 is:

a) 8765
✅ b) 8765
c) 8766
d) 8764

20. Which of the following is NOT true for 2’s complement?

a) Overflow can be detected

b) No ambiguity of ±0
✅ c) Double representation of zero
d) Used for subtraction

21. 2’s complement of 11111101 is:

a) 00000001
✅ b) 00000011
c) 00000010
d) 11111111

22. In 2’s complement form, -128 (8 bits) is represented as:

✅ a) 10000000
b) 11111111
c) 01111111
d) 00000000

23. 1’s complement of 00110011 is:

a) 11001100
✅ b) 11001100
c) 11111111
d) 00001111

24. How is 0 represented in 2’s complement (8-bit)?

✅ a) 00000000
b) 11111111
c) 10000000
d) 11110000

25. 2’s complement of 01010101 is:

a) 10101010
✅ b) 10101011
c) 01010110
d) 10101000

26. What is the decimal equivalent of 2’s complement number 11111100?

a) 4
✅ b) -4
c) -2
d) -3

27. The result of 9’s complement of 0751 is:

a) 9248
✅ b) 9248
c) 8749
d) 9250

28. Which complement method avoids end-around carry?

✅ a) 2’s complement
b) 1’s complement
c) 9’s complement
d) r–1 complement

29. What is the 2’s complement of 11111111?

a) 11111111
✅ b) 00000001
c) 11111110
d) 00000000

30. (PYQ) CUET PG: The 2’s complement of binary number 0101 is:

a) 1010
✅ b) 1011
c) 1111
d) 0001

🧠 Topic: Fixed Point Representation

1. In fixed point representation, the position of the binary point is:

✅ a) Fixed
b) Variable
c) Floating
d) User defined
2. Fixed point representation is mainly used to represent:

a) Very large numbers

✅ b) Integers and limited precision decimals
c) Complex numbers
d) Imaginary numbers

3. In signed fixed-point binary, negative numbers are usually represented using:

a) 1’s complement
b) Sign-magnitude
✅ c) 2’s complement
d) BCD

4. The integer part and fractional part are separated by:

a) Dot sign
b) Hyphen
✅ c) Binary point
d) Exponent

5. A 16-bit fixed-point number with 8 bits for fraction can represent:

a) Only integers
✅ b) 8 integer bits and 8 fractional bits
c) 16 fractional bits
d) Negative exponents only

6. Fixed-point format is best suited for:

a) Scientific computing
✅ b) Embedded systems with limited resources
c) Deep learning
d) Operating systems

7. A number in Q8.8 format means:

a) 8 fractional bits only
✅ b) 8 integer bits and 8 fractional bits
c) 16 fractional bits
d) 8 floating bits

8. Which of the following has higher precision?

a) 8.8 format
✅ b) 4.12 format
c) 10.6 format
d) 12.4 format

9. In fixed-point representation, overflow happens when:

a) Fraction is too long

b) Sign bit is lost
✅ c) Value exceeds the representable range
d) Binary point is shifted

10. The fixed point representation of 5.25 in 4.4 format is:

✅ a) 0101.0100
b) 0101.0010
c) 0100.1010
d) 0001.1100

11. What is the maximum unsigned value for 8-bit fixed-point with 4 fractional bits?

✅ a) 15.9375
b) 31.875
c) 7.5
d) 8.5

12. In fixed-point arithmetic, truncation error occurs due to:

✅ a) Limited number of fractional bits
b) Overflow
c) Division
d) Integer rounding

13. Which is NOT an advantage of fixed-point representation?

a) Faster arithmetic
b) Low power use
✅ c) Dynamic range
d) Simple hardware

14. Fixed-point numbers are generally stored as:

✅ a) Integers with implied binary point

b) Floating-point words
c) Strings
d) Exponential forms

15. If the binary number is 00001010, and format is 4.4, what is the value?

a) 10
✅ b) 0.625
c) 5.5
d) 2.5

16. In Q3.5 format, the range of numbers is:

a) -8 to +7.5
✅ b) -8.0 to +7.96875
c) -4.0 to +3.96875
d) -7.5 to +7.5

17. Which operation is more complex in fixed-point than floating-point?

a) Addition
✅ b) Scaling and normalization
c) Bit shift
d) Sign detection

18. In 8-bit signed fixed-point (Q4.4), the smallest positive number is:

a) 0.25
✅ b) 0.0625
c) 0.125
d) 1.0

19. The Q number format is used to define:

a) Floating point
✅ b) Fixed-point binary representation
c) ASCII values
d) Address format

20. Which of the following is not a valid Q format?

a) Q15.0
b) Q0.15
✅ c) Q8.16 in 16-bit register
d) Q7.8

21. What is the decimal equivalent of Q2.6 number 11001000?

a) -2.25
✅ b) -1.5
c) -3.75
d) -1.75

22. In fixed-point, the binary point:

a) Is stored separately
✅ b) Is implied by format
c) Varies at runtime
d) Depends on exponent

23. For fixed-point Q5.3 format, which decimal value does 10111001 represent?

a) -6.125
✅ b) -5.875
c) -4.625
d) -7.125

24. Which of the following causes round-off errors in fixed-point?

a) Overflow
✅ b) Limited fraction bits
c) Format change
d) Addition

25. Fixed-point multiplication needs:

a) Decimal alignment
✅ b) Binary point adjustment after multiply
c) Bitwise shift left
d) Division

26. (PYQ) CUET PG: In fixed-point Q3.5 format, which of the following values can be exactly
represented?

a) 0.2
✅ b) 0.5
c) 0.3
d) 0.7

27. For 8-bit Q4.4 fixed-point, what is the binary for -2.5?
a) 11101000
✅ b) 11101000
c) 00010100
d) 00101000

28. How many unique values can be represented in Q4.4 signed fixed-point format?

a) 16
b) 64
✅ c) 256
d) 128

29. What is the value of binary 01011100 in Q4.4 format?

a) 5.5
b) 4.25
✅ c) 5.75
d) 3.5

30. Why is fixed-point preferred in real-time embedded systems?

a) Floating-point is easier
b) High-level math needed
✅ c) Speed and lower hardware complexity
d) No rounding errors

Here are 30 MCQs on Floating Point Representation (under Digital Fundamentals), including
CUET PG Previous Year Questions (PYQs) wherever available.

🧠 Topic: Floating Point Representation

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers marked
🕘 CUET PG PYQs tagged as (PYQ)
1. Floating-point representation is used to represent:

a) Only integers
✅ b) Real numbers with large range
c) Imaginary numbers
d) ASCII codes

2. A normalized floating-point number always has:

a) All 1s in exponent
✅ b) 1 as the most significant bit of the mantissa
c) 0 in exponent
d) 0.5 in mantissa

3. What is the bias value for 8-bit exponent in IEEE 754 single-precision format?

a) 127
✅ b) 127
c) 255
d) 128

4. In IEEE 754 single-precision format, the number of bits used for mantissa is:

✅ a) 23
b) 8
c) 31
d) 24

5. In IEEE 754 double-precision, the exponent field is:

a) 8 bits
✅ b) 11 bits
c) 16 bits
d) 32 bits

6. What does the term denormalized number mean in floating-point?

✅ a) Mantissa does not begin with 1
b) Zero exponent
c) Overflowed value
d) NaN

7. Which of the following values indicates positive infinity in IEEE 754 format?

a) Sign = 1, Exponent = 255, Mantissa = 0

✅ b) Sign = 0, Exponent = 255, Mantissa = 0
c) Sign = 0, Exponent = 0, Mantissa = 0
d) Exponent = 127

8. Floating-point representation suffers mainly from:

a) Overflow
b) Underflow
✅ c) Precision loss and rounding error
d) Noise

9. In IEEE 754 single precision, how many bits are there in total?

a) 32
✅ b) 32
c) 16
d) 64

10. (PYQ) CUET PG: The decimal number −0.75 is represented in binary as:

a) -1.01
✅ b) -0.11
c) -0.10
d) -1.10

11. What is the sign bit for negative numbers in IEEE floating point?
a) 0
✅ b) 1
c) Depends on mantissa
d) Depends on exponent

12. Which part of the floating-point number determines the magnitude?

a) Sign
b) Mantissa
✅ c) Exponent
d) Parity

13. The smallest positive normalized number in single precision is:

✅ a) 2⁻¹²⁶
b) 2⁻¹²⁷
c) 2⁻²⁵⁵
d) 0

14. Floating-point numbers are generally expressed in:

a) Sign-Magnitude format
b) BCD
✅ c) Scientific notation
d) Fixed decimal

15. (PYQ) CUET PG: What does NaN represent in IEEE floating point format?

a) Negative answer
✅ b) Not a Number
c) Normal and Negative
d) No actual number

16. Which of the following is true for IEEE 754 special case zero?
a) Mantissa = 1
b) Exponent = 127
✅ c) Exponent = 0, Mantissa = 0
d) Sign = 1 only

17. Double precision allows representation of:

a) Smaller values only

✅ b) Higher precision and wider range
c) Integers only
d) ASCII values

18. In IEEE format, what does Exponent = 255 and Mantissa ≠ 0 indicate?

a) Positive infinity
b) Zero
✅ c) NaN
d) Denormalized number

19. Which is NOT a valid IEEE 754 representation?

a) +0
✅ b) +infinity with non-zero mantissa
c) -0
d) +NaN

20. Which of the following is most accurate?

a) Fixed-point Q format
✅ b) IEEE 754 double precision
c) Sign-magnitude format
d) 1’s complement

21. What does mantissa determine?

a) Sign
b) Exponent
✅ c) Precision
d) Range

22. Range of exponent in IEEE single-precision is:

a) -128 to +127
✅ b) -126 to +127
c) -255 to +255
d) 0 to 255

23. The decimal number 6.25 is represented in binary as:

a) 101.11
✅ b) 110.01
c) 110.11
d) 111.01

24. In normalized floating-point, the hidden bit is:

✅ a) Always 1
b) Always 0
c) Based on exponent
d) Based on sign

25. Rounding in floating-point arithmetic may lead to:

a) Memory loss
✅ b) Precision loss
c) Logical error
d) Bit corruption

26. What is the bias used in IEEE 754 double precision?

a) 1023
✅ b) 1023
c) 127
d) 255

27. In IEEE 754, what is the base (radix)?

a) 2
✅ b) 2
c) 10
d) 16

28. The largest positive number in IEEE 754 single-precision is approximately:

✅ a) 3.4 × 10³⁸
b) 1.7 × 10³⁰⁸
c) 2⁷⁵
d) 255.0

29. Denormalized numbers are used to represent:

✅ a) Very small values close to zero

b) Negative zero
c) Large exponents
d) NaN

30. (PYQ) CUET PG: The purpose of biasing in floating point is to:

a) Reduce exponent
✅ b) Represent both positive and negative exponents
c) Shift mantissa
d) Normalize sign

Here are 30 MCQs on Error Detection Codes (under Digital Fundamentals), including CUET PG
Previous year questions (PYQs) wherever available.
🧠 Topic: Error Detection Codes

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
🕘 CUET PG PYQs are tagged as (PYQ)

1. Which of the following is used for error detection?

a) Gray Code
b) Hamming Code
✅ c) Parity Bit
d) Excess-3 Code

2. A parity bit is:

✅ a) An extra bit added for error detection

b) A type of logical gate
c) Used to speed up computation
d) Part of the data

3. Parity checking can detect:

✅ a) Single-bit errors
b) All multiple-bit errors
c) No errors
d) Only even bit errors

4. Even parity for binary 1011 is:

a) 0
✅ b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

5. Odd parity for 10000000 is:

✅ a) 1
b) 0
c) 8
d) Cannot be determined

6. What is the drawback of parity checking?

a) Too slow
✅ b) Cannot detect even number of bit errors
c) Expensive
d) Requires large memory

7. Hamming code can detect and correct:

a) Only errors
b) Only detection
✅ c) Single-bit errors
d) Multiple-bit errors

8. The minimum number of redundant bits (r) needed to detect and correct 1-bit errors in 7-
bit data is:

a) 2
✅ b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

9. CRC stands for:

✅ a) Cyclic Redundancy Check

b) Circular Record Code
c) Coding Repetition Check
d) Current Repeat Circuit

10. Which error detection method is used in network protocols like Ethernet?
a) Hamming
b) Parity
✅ c) CRC
d) Checksum

11. Which is the most powerful error detection technique?

a) Parity
b) Checksum
✅ c) CRC
d) Repetition

12. The polynomial used in CRC is called:

✅ a) Generator Polynomial
b) Correction Polynomial
c) Verification Key
d) Base Equation

13. Which of the following cannot correct errors?

✅ a) Parity
b) Hamming
c) Repetition
d) ECC

14. Checksum is widely used in:

a) Video encoding
✅ b) Data transmission protocols
c) Floating-point unit
d) CPU arithmetic

15. In even parity, if the number of 1’s is odd, the parity bit should be:
✅ a) 1
b) 0
c) Don't care
d) Equal to number of 0's

16. Two-dimensional parity can detect:

a) Only single-bit errors

✅ b) Single and some double-bit errors
c) Only even errors
d) Only odd errors

17. Error detection is important for:

✅ a) Reliable data communication

b) Audio output
c) OS scheduling
d) Power reduction

18. Which is NOT an error detection method?

a) Parity
b) CRC
✅ c) Binary Weighted Code
d) Checksum

19. (PYQ) CUET PG: Parity checking can detect:

✅ a) All single-bit errors

b) All errors
c) No errors
d) Only double-bit errors

20. Which code uses modulo-2 division?

a) Hamming
✅ b) CRC
c) Checksum
d) Odd parity

21. One-bit error correction can be achieved using:

a) Even parity
✅ b) Hamming code
c) CRC
d) Checksum

22. A triple repetition code increases data by:

a) 50%
b) 100%
✅ c) 200%
d) 300%

23. In CRC, which operation is used?

a) AND
b) OR
✅ c) XOR
d) NOT

24. (PYQ) CUET PG: If data = 1101 and generator = 1011, what’s the degree of polynomial
used?

a) 4
✅ b) 3
c) 2
d) 5

25. Which bit combination causes even parity failure?

a) 1100 with parity 0
✅ b) 1100 with parity 1
c) 1001 with parity 0
d) 1000 with parity 0

26. Hamming code works only when:

✅ a) Single bit error occurs

b) Two bits are wrong
c) 3-bit errors occur
d) Data is floating point

27. Which of the following is not used for error detection?

a) Checksum
b) CRC
✅ c) Floating point
d) Parity

28. What is the goal of error detection codes?

a) Generate unique values

b) Encrypt data
✅ c) Identify transmission errors
d) Format the disk

29. Error detection codes are inserted:

a) In RAM only
b) After transmission
✅ c) Before and during transmission
d) In cache

30. A 7-bit Hamming code can encode:

a) 4 data bits
✅ b) 4 data bits + 3 parity bits
c) 7 data bits
d) 3 data bits + 4 parity bits

Here are 30 MCQs on Computer Arithmetic – Addition (under Digital Fundamentals), including
CUET PG Previous Year Questions (PYQs) wherever applicable.

🧠 Topic: Computer Arithmetic – Addition

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers marked
🕘 CUET PG PYQs are marked as (PYQ)

1. In binary addition, 1 + 1 =

a) 1
b) 0
✅ c) 10
d) 11

2. In binary, 1 + 1 + 1 equals:

a) 10
✅ b) 11
c) 111
d) 01

3. Binary addition is similar to:

a) Octal addition
✅ b) Decimal addition using base 2
c) ASCII operation
d) Gray code conversion
4. Half adder adds:

✅ a) Two single-bit numbers

b) Two multi-bit numbers
c) One signed number
d) One BCD number

5. The output of a half adder is:

a) Only sum
b) Only carry
✅ c) Sum and Carry
d) Only difference

6. A full adder adds:

✅ a) Three bits
b) Two bits
c) One bit
d) Four bits

7. The carry output of full adder is ‘1’ when:

✅ a) At least two inputs are 1

b) All inputs are 0
c) Only one input is 1
d) All inputs are different

8. What is the sum of binary numbers 1101 and 1011?

✅ a) 11000
b) 10100
c) 11110
d) 10001

9. What logic gate represents binary addition (SUM) in half adder?

a) AND
✅ b) XOR
c) NAND
d) OR

10. Carry in binary addition is generated when:

✅ a) Both bits are 1

b) Any bit is 0
c) All bits are 0
d) All bits are different

11. How many full adders are required to add two 4-bit numbers?

a) 1
b) 2
✅ c) 4
d) 3

12. In ripple carry adder, the carry is:

✅ a) Propagated through each stage

b) Reset after each sum
c) Always zero
d) Not used

13. In signed binary addition, overflow occurs when:

a) One input is negative

✅ b) Sum exceeds representable range
c) Carry is zero
d) XOR gate fails

14. Binary addition 1010 + 0101 = ?

a) 1010
b) 0110
✅ c) 1111
d) 1101

15. The sum of 1111 and 0001 in binary is:

✅ a) 10000
b) 11110
c) 0000
d) 1111

16. What is the sum of 1001 + 0110?

a) 1111
✅ b) 1111
c) 1101
d) 0011

17. (PYQ) CUET PG: The result of adding 1011 and 1101 is:

a) 10100
✅ b) 11000
c) 11111
d) 10001

18. What is the carry and sum in half adder for inputs A=1, B=1?

a) Carry=0, Sum=1
✅ b) Carry=1, Sum=0
c) Carry=1, Sum=1
d) Carry=0, Sum=0

19. A full adder can be built using:

a) 2 NAND gates
b) 2 half subtractors
✅ c) 2 half adders and an OR gate
d) 1 half adder only

20. Overflow in addition indicates:

a) Memory corruption
✅ b) Incorrect sign in result
c) Program crash
d) Register loss

21. In binary addition, sum of 111 and 001 is:

a) 1000
✅ b) 1000
c) 111
d) 0110

22. What is the decimal value of binary addition: 0110 + 0011?

a) 7
✅ b) 9
c) 6
d) 10

23. If two 4-bit signed numbers are added and result is 5 bits, what occurred?

a) Subtraction
✅ b) Overflow
c) Underflow
d) Bit masking

24. Which adder eliminates delay due to carry propagation?

✅ a) Carry look-ahead adder
b) Ripple carry adder
c) Full adder
d) BCD adder

25. What is the result of 1011 + 0111?

✅ a) 10010
b) 10110
c) 01110
d) 11000

26. If A=1, B=0, Cin=1 in full adder, what is Sum and Carry?

a) Sum=0, Carry=0
✅ b) Sum=0, Carry=1
c) Sum=1, Carry=0
d) Sum=1, Carry=1

27. What logic gate is used for carry generation in half adder?

a) XOR
✅ b) AND
c) OR
d) NAND

28. Full adder outputs are:

✅ a) Sum and Carry

b) Difference and Borrow
c) Product and Quotient
d) Only Sum

29. Which adder is most efficient for high-speed arithmetic?

a) Full adder
✅ b) Carry look-ahead adder
c) Ripple adder
d) Serial adder

30. In BCD addition, when sum > 1001, what is added?

a) 0000
✅ b) 0110 (6)
c) 1111
d) 1000

Here are 30 MCQs on Computer Arithmetic – Multiplication (under Digital Fundamentals),

including CUET PG Previous Year Questions (PYQs) wherever available.

🧠 Topic: Computer Arithmetic – Multiplication

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
🕘 CUET PG PYQs are tagged as (PYQ)

1. Binary multiplication is similar to:

a) Binary addition
b) Decimal addition
✅ c) Decimal multiplication
d) Hexadecimal subtraction

2. In binary, 1 × 1 = ?

a) 0
b) 2
✅ c) 1
d) 10
3. In binary multiplication, any number multiplied by 0 gives:

✅ a) 0
b) 1
c) Same number
d) Overflow

4. Multiplying 101 × 11 in binary gives:

a) 1000
✅ b) 1111
c) 1001
d) 1101

5. Binary multiplication has how many basic operations?

✅ a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5

6. The partial product in binary multiplication is formed by:

a) Addition
✅ b) ANDing with each bit
c) XOR operation
d) Subtraction

7. What is the result of binary multiplication: 1001 × 0011?

a) 1110
b) 1010
✅ c) 11011
d) 1111

8. (PYQ) CUET PG: Binary multiplication of 111 × 10 = ?

a) 111
✅ b) 1110
c) 1010
d) 1100

9. Booth’s algorithm is used for:

a) Addition
✅ b) Signed binary multiplication
c) Division
d) Error correction

10. In Booth’s multiplication algorithm, the operation depends on:

✅ a) Two LSBs of the multiplier

b) MSB of multiplicand
c) All bits
d) Carry flag

11. What is the key advantage of Booth’s algorithm?

a) Hardware simplicity
✅ b) Efficient handling of negative numbers
c) Fast subtraction
d) CRC generation

12. In Booth’s algorithm, 10 means:

a) Do nothing
b) Add multiplicand
✅ c) Subtract multiplicand
d) Set overflow

13. What is 2’s complement of 0101?

a) 1010
b) 1111
✅ c) 1011
d) 0110

14. Unsigned binary multiplication of 6 × 5 equals:

✅ a) 11110
b) 10101
c) 10000
d) 10001

15. If A = 1001 and B = 0101, what is A × B?

a) 11100
b) 11010
✅ c) 11001
d) 10110

16. Multiplying by 2 in binary is equivalent to:

✅ a) Left shift by 1
b) Right shift by 1
c) Add 1
d) Complement

17. Multiplying by 4 in binary equals:

a) Add 4
✅ b) Left shift by 2
c) AND with 100
d) Subtract 4

18. Wallace Tree is used in:

a) Addition
✅ b) High-speed multiplication
c) Division
d) Encoding

19. A multiplication overflow occurs when:

a) Carry is not zero

✅ b) Result exceeds fixed word size
c) Product is zero
d) Bits are equal

20. Carry-save adders are used in:

a) Parity logic
b) Subtraction
✅ c) Fast multipliers
d) Comparators

21. In an array multiplier, number of AND gates required for n × n bits is:

a) n
b) n²
✅ c) n²
d) 2n

22. The time complexity of basic binary multiplication algorithm is:

a) O(1)
b) O(n)
✅ c) O(n²)
d) O(log n)

23. Which algorithm performs multiplication using shift and add method?
a) Divide-and-conquer
✅ b) Shift-add algorithm
c) CRC
d) Newton-Raphson

24. In signed multiplication, sign of result is positive if:

a) One operand is positive

✅ b) Both operands have same sign
c) One operand is zero
d) Always negative

25. A 4-bit multiplier can multiply numbers up to:

✅ a) 15 × 15
b) 16 × 16
c) 31 × 31
d) 8 × 8

26. Which multiplier is fastest in general?

a) Booth multiplier
✅ b) Wallace tree multiplier
c) Array multiplier
d) Ripple carry multiplier

27. For 4-bit inputs, maximum product size is:

a) 4 bits
b) 6 bits
✅ c) 8 bits
d) 16 bits

28. The output of multiplying 2’s complement numbers 1100 × 0010:

a) 11111100
✅ b) 11111000
c) 00000100
d) 00001100

29. In signed multiplication, negative × positive = ?

a) Positive
✅ b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Overflow

30. Multiplication in computer is usually performed using:

a) Subtraction
b) Repeated XOR
✅ c) Shift and add
d) Memory mapping

Here are 30 MCQs on Computer Arithmetic – Division Algorithms (under Digital

Fundamentals), including CUET PG PYQs where available.

🧠 Topic: Computer Arithmetic – Division Algorithms

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
🕘 CUET PG Previous Year Questions are tagged as (PYQ)

1. Which of the following is used in binary division?

a) XOR operation
✅ b) Repeated subtraction and shifting
c) Multiplexers
d) Parity generator
2. What is the quotient when 1010 is divided by 10 in binary?

✅ a) 101
b) 100
c) 10
d) 110

3. Binary division is similar to:

a) Hex division
b) Gray code operation
✅ c) Long division in decimal
d) Booth’s algorithm

4. Restoring division algorithm uses:

a) Addition
✅ b) Subtraction and restoration
c) AND operation
d) OR operation

5. In restoring division, if remainder is negative:

a) Proceed normally
✅ b) Restore previous value
c) Shift right
d) Shift left

6. Which algorithm is more efficient for hardware division?

✅ a) Non-restoring division
b) Booth’s algorithm
c) Wallace tree
d) Floating-point multiplication

7. In non-restoring division, when remainder is negative:

a) Add divisor
✅ b) Add divisor and set quotient bit to 0
c) Subtract again
d) Set overflow flag

8. In restoring division, what is done after subtraction?

a) Right shift quotient

b) XOR with divisor
✅ c) Check sign of remainder
d) Add quotient

9. Binary division: 1100 ÷ 10 = ?

a) 111
✅ b) 110
c) 100
d) 101

10. The initial remainder in division is:

✅ a) Dividend
b) Divisor
c) Quotient
d) Zero

11. Division by shifting is possible only when divisor is:

a) Odd
✅ b) Power of 2
c) Even
d) Prime

12. 2’s complement is used in division for:

a) Multiplication
b) Parity checking
✅ c) Signed number handling
d) Carry generation

13. (PYQ) CUET PG: Binary division of 10010 by 10 gives:

✅ a) 1001
b) 1010
c) 1011
d) 1100

14. What does shifting left in division operation do?

a) Adds one
b) Multiplies
✅ c) Prepares for subtraction
d) Changes sign

15. Which of the following does non-restoring division improve?

✅ a) Speed and performance

b) Accuracy
c) Clock frequency
d) Power usage

16. Overflow in binary division occurs when:

a) Quotient is 0
✅ b) Divisor is 0
c) Dividend is 0
d) Quotient is negative

17. Division algorithm terminates when:

a) Remainder is 0
✅ b) All bits are processed
c) Quotient is negative
d) MSB = LSB

18. Binary division: 1111 ÷ 11 = ?

a) 101
✅ b) 101
c) 100
d) 110

19. Division of 16-bit numbers requires:

a) 8-bit adder
b) 16-bit subtractor
✅ c) 32-bit register (for quotient + remainder)
d) None of these

20. Quotient is stored in:

✅ a) Quotient register
b) ALU
c) Remainder register
d) Control unit

21. Signed division result sign rule:

a) Positive always
✅ b) Positive if signs are same
c) Negative if dividend is negative
d) Depends on LSB

22. In restoring division, what’s the quotient bit when remainder ≥ 0 after subtraction?
✅ a) 1
b) 0
c) Unchanged
d) Undefined

23. The key difference in non-restoring division:

a) No subtraction
b) No shift
✅ c) No restoration step
d) Uses 1’s complement

24. The hardware complexity of non-restoring division is:

a) High
✅ b) Lower than restoring
c) Very high
d) Same as multiplication

25. In fixed-point division, the fractional part is handled using:

✅ a) Shifts and normalization

b) Decimal conversion
c) Parity check
d) Sign extension

26. 0 divided by any number (non-zero) is:

✅ a) 0
b) Undefined
c) Error
d) Overflow

27. Division by zero is:

a) Zero
✅ b) Undefined
c) Negative
d) Signed overflow

28. Which signal is raised during divide-by-zero?

a) ACK
b) RESET
✅ c) Exception
d) HALT

29. Restoring algorithm is less efficient because:

a) Incorrect results
✅ b) Extra restoration step
c) Slow memory
d) No sign support

30. The main function of the ALU in division is:

a) Input/output control
✅ b) Subtract and shift
c) Encode data
d) Jump instruction

Here are 30 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on the topic "Digital Computers", including
relevant CUET PG PYQs wherever applicable.

Topic: Digital Computers

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
🕘 CUET PG Previous Year Questions are tagged as (PYQ)
1. A digital computer represents data using:

a) Analog voltages
b) Continuous signals
✅ c) Discrete binary values
d) Frequency waves

2. The heart of any digital computer is the:

✅ a) Central Processing Unit (CPU)

b) Monitor
c) RAM
d) ROM

3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of digital computers?

a) High speed
✅ b) Continuous data representation
c) Accuracy
d) Programmability

4. The unit that interprets and executes instructions is:

a) ALU
✅ b) Control Unit
c) Memory Unit
d) I/O Unit

5. Digital computers use the number system:

a) Octal
b) Decimal
✅ c) Binary
d) Hexadecimal

6. The ALU performs:

a) Only arithmetic
b) Only logical
✅ c) Arithmetic and logical operations
d) Memory operations

7. Memory used to store data permanently is:

a) RAM
✅ b) ROM
c) Cache
d) Register

8. In a digital computer, input devices convert:

a) Binary to decimal
b) Logic to analog
✅ c) Analog signals to digital signals
d) Text to audio

9. Which language is directly understood by the computer?

a) High-level language
✅ b) Machine language
c) Assembly language
d) C++

10. The component responsible for arithmetic operations is:

✅ a) ALU
b) Control Unit
c) ROM
d) CPU

11. What is the smallest unit of data in digital computers?

a) Byte
✅ b) Bit
c) Nibble
d) Word

12. The temporary memory used by CPU is:

✅ a) RAM
b) ROM
c) SSD
d) DVD

13. The binary value 1101 is equivalent to decimal:

a) 11
✅ b) 13
c) 15
d) 14

14. Digital computers differ from analog computers in terms of:

a) Speed
✅ b) Data representation
c) Size
d) Electricity

15. What stores the booting program of a computer?

a) RAM
✅ b) ROM
c) HDD
d) ALU

16. (PYQ) CUET PG: The basic unit of digital data is:
a) Byte
✅ b) Bit
c) Word
d) Instruction

17. The primary memory of a digital computer is:

a) ROM
✅ b) RAM
c) Flash
d) Hard disk

18. Which of these is not a digital computing device?

✅ a) Thermometer with mercury

b) Digital watch
c) Calculator
d) Laptop

19. The speed of a digital computer is measured in:

a) Seconds
b) Volts
✅ c) Hertz (Hz)
d) Amps

20. What part of CPU stores instructions temporarily during processing?

a) ALU
✅ b) Registers
c) Cache
d) I/O

21. Which computer generation used ICs (Integrated Circuits)?

a) First
b) Second
✅ c) Third
d) Fourth

22. (PYQ) CUET PG: Which component performs decision-making tasks?

a) Control Unit
✅ b) ALU
c) Monitor
d) Keyboard

23. Which part coordinates all parts of the computer?

a) ALU
✅ b) Control Unit
c) Monitor
d) CPU

24. Which of the following is not an output device?

a) Monitor
✅ b) Mouse
c) Printer
d) Speaker

25. The program that starts automatically when the computer is turned on:

✅ a) BIOS
b) Compiler
c) Assembler
d) Interpreter

26. Which number system is most commonly used in computers?

a) Octal
✅ b) Binary
c) Hexadecimal
d) Ternary

27. Decimal number 15 in binary is:

✅ a) 1111
b) 1010
c) 1001
d) 1100

28. What does a digital computer use to process data?

a) Continuous signals
✅ b) Logical and arithmetic operations
c) Analog dials
d) Sound waves

29. A device that converts digital signals into sound:

a) Keyboard
b) Monitor
✅ c) Speaker
d) Mouse

30. Which memory is both readable and writable?

a) ROM
b) PROM
✅ c) RAM
d) CD-ROM

Here are 30 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Logic Gates, including CUET PG Previous
Year Questions (PYQs) wherever applicable.
🔌 Topic: Logic Gates

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers marked
🕘 PYQs marked as (PYQ CUET PG)

1. The basic logic gates are:

✅ a) AND, OR, NOT

b) NAND, NOR, XOR
c) AND, XOR, XNOR
d) NOR, NOT, XOR

2. Which logic gate gives an output of 1 only when both inputs are 1?

a) OR
✅ b) AND
c) NOT
d) NAND

3. Which logic gate gives an output of 0 when both inputs are 1?

✅ a) NAND
b) AND
c) OR
d) XOR

4. The symbol for the OR gate is:

a) •
b) +

d) ⊕
✅ c) ≥1

5. The NOT gate is also called a:

a) Buffer
✅ b) Inverter
c) Selector
d) Decoder

6. The output of an XOR gate is 1 when:

✅ a) Inputs are different

b) Inputs are the same
c) All inputs are 1
d) All inputs are 0

7. Which gate is known as a universal gate?

✅ a) NAND
b) AND
c) OR
d) XOR

8. A gate that gives a high output when all inputs are low is:

a) OR
b) AND
✅ c) NOR
d) NAND

9. The output of a NOT gate is:

✅ a) Complement of input
b) Same as input
c) Input AND 1
d) Always 0

10. Which gate is the combination of an AND gate followed by a NOT gate?
✅ a) NAND
b) NOR
c) XOR
d) XNOR

11. Which logic gate outputs 1 only when both inputs are different?

a) XNOR
✅ b) XOR
c) OR
d) NOR

12. What is the output of a NOR gate when both inputs are 0?

✅ a) 1
b) 0
c) Undefined
d) Depends on the system

13. (PYQ CUET PG) Which of the following gates can be used to construct any logic circuit?

✅ a) NAND and NOR

b) AND and OR
c) XOR and XNOR
d) AND and NOT

14. What is the output of an AND gate if both inputs are 0?

✅ a) 0
b) 1
c) Undefined
d) Depends on the power supply

15. A NAND gate is a combination of:

a) OR + NOT
✅ b) AND + NOT
c) XOR + NOT
d) NOR + NOT

16. The truth table of an OR gate shows output 1 if:

✅ a) At least one input is 1

b) All inputs are 0
c) All inputs are 1
d) Inputs are different

17. An XNOR gate gives high output when:

a) Inputs differ
✅ b) Inputs are the same
c) One input is 0
d) One input is 1

18. Which gate's symbol looks like a triangle with a small circle?

✅ a) NOT
b) AND
c) OR
d) NAND

19. If inputs of a NOR gate are A = 0, B = 1, output is:

a) 1
✅ b) 0
c) Undefined
d) Can't be determined

20. Which gate is equivalent to an OR gate followed by NOT?

✅ a) NOR
b) NAND
c) XOR
d) AND

21. The minimum number of NAND gates required to implement a NOT gate is:

✅ a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0

22. Which logic gate has an output expression A·B̅ + A̅·B?

a) NOR
b) XNOR
✅ c) XOR
d) NAND

23. A combination of XOR and NOT gate gives:

✅ a) XNOR
b) OR
c) NOR
d) NAND

24. Which logic gate does not exist as a basic gate?

a) AND
✅ b) XNOR
c) NOT
d) OR

25. The output of an AND gate is 1 if:

✅ a) All inputs are 1
b) One input is 0
c) One input is 1
d) Inputs differ

26. (PYQ CUET PG) Which gate gives 0 output when inputs are same?

a) XNOR
✅ b) XOR
c) OR
d) AND

27. In digital electronics, the gate that acts as a basic decision maker is:

✅ a) AND
b) NOT
c) NOR
d) XNOR

28. NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because:

✅ a) They can implement all basic gates

b) Used in all circuits
c) Easy to construct
d) Only used in computers

29. A buffer is a logic gate with:

✅ a) No inversion
b) Two outputs
c) No input
d) Only output

30. The output of a NOT gate when input is 1:

a) 1
✅ b) 0
c) Undefined
d) Depends on circuit

Here are 30 MCQs on “Boolean Algebra” for CUET PG MCA preparation, including CUET PG
Previous Year Questions (PYQs) where applicable.

🧮 Topic: Boolean Algebra

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = Previous Year CUET PG Question

1. Boolean algebra is primarily used in:

a) Numerical analysis
✅ b) Digital circuit design
c) Statistics
d) Calculus

2. Boolean variables can have:

a) 0 to 9 values
b) Infinite values
✅ c) Two values (0 and 1)
d) Only 1 value

3. (PYQ CUET PG) The identity law in Boolean algebra is:

✅ a) A + 0 = A and A · 1 = A
b) A + 1 = A and A · 0 = A
c) A + A = A and A · A = 1
d) A + A' = 1 and A · A' = A
4. The complement of A + AB is:

a) A’ + B
✅ b) A’B’
c) AB’
d) A’ + B’

5. The expression A + A'B simplifies to:

a) AB
✅ b) A + B
c) A’ + B
d) A + A’

6. The absorption law is:

a) A + 0 = A
✅ b) A + AB = A
c) A + A = A
d) A · A = A

7. The complement law is:

✅ a) A + A' = 1 and A · A' = 0

b) A + A = A and A · A = A
c) A + 0 = A
d) A · 1 = A

8. A + AB = ?

a) A · B
✅ b) A
c) B
d) A + B

9. (PYQ CUET PG) Which of the following is the involution law?

a) A + A = A
b) A · A = A
✅ c) (A')' = A
d) A + A' = 1

10. The dual of A + 0 = A is:

✅ a) A · 1 = A
b) A + 1 = A
c) A · 0 = 0
d) A + A = A

11. De Morgan’s first law:

✅ a) (A + B)' = A' · B'

b) (A · B)' = A + B
c) A + A' = 1
d) A · A' = A

12. The dual of A · (B + C) = A · B + A · C is:

a) A + (B · C) = A + B · A + C
✅ b) A + (B · C) = (A + B) · (A + C)
c) A + (B · C) = (A · B) + (A · C)
d) A + B · C = A · B + C

13. Which of the following is a valid Boolean identity?

✅ a) A + A = A
b) A + A = 1
c) A · A = 0
d) A · A = 1

14. Which of the following is a redundant term in A + AB?

✅ a) AB
b) A
c) None
d) A + B

15. The result of A + A’B is:

a) AB
b) A’ + B
✅ c) A + B
d) A · B

16. A Boolean expression that equals 0 for all inputs is called:

✅ a) Contradiction
b) Tautology
c) Identity
d) Equivalence

17. What is A + A’ equal to?

a) 0
b) A
✅ c) 1
d) A’

18. The distributive law is:

✅ a) A · (B + C) = A · B + A · C
b) A + (B · C) = A + B + C
c) A · B + A = A
d) A + B = B + A

19. A logic circuit using Boolean equation A + B'C means:

a) A OR B AND C
✅ b) A OR (NOT B AND C)
c) A AND (B OR C)
d) A AND B OR C

20. (PYQ CUET PG) Which of the following is correct by De Morgan’s law?

a) (AB)' = A'B'
✅ b) (A + B)' = A' · B'
c) (A + B)' = A + B
d) (AB)' = A + B

21. The simplification of A(A + B) is:

a) AB
b) A + AB
✅ c) A
d) A + B

22. The expression (A + B)(A + C) simplifies to:

✅ a) A + BC
b) AB + AC
c) A + B + C
d) A + B + AC

23. What is the value of A · A'?

a) 1
✅ b) 0
c) A
d) A'

24. Which law proves A + A = A?

a) Complement
✅ b) Idempotent
c) Associative
d) Distributive

25. What is the result of (A + B) · (A + C)?

a) A + BC
b) AB + AC
✅ c) A + BC
d) A + B + C

26. Which of these is not a Boolean law?

a) Identity
✅ b) Quadratic law
c) Distributive
d) Complement

27. Which Boolean property is used in A · (A + B) = A?

✅ a) Absorption
b) Distributive
c) Demorgan
d) Associative

28. What is the result of (A + B)(A + C) using Boolean simplification?

a) A + B + C
✅ b) A + BC
c) AB + AC
d) A · (B + C)

29. Which expression is equal to 1 for all values of A?

a) A · A
✅ b) A + A'
c) A · A'
d) A

30. The Boolean equivalent of the expression (A · B) + (A · B') is:

a) AB
b) AB’
✅ c) A
d) B

Here are 30 MCQs on “Map Simplifications (Karnaugh Map/K-Map Simplification)” for CUET
PG MCA preparation, including CUET PG Previous Year Questions (PYQs) where applicable.

🧾 Topic: Map Simplifications (K-Map)

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. The Karnaugh Map is used for:

a) Data transmission
b) Hardware design
✅ c) Boolean expression simplification
d) Programming logic

2. K-map is a diagrammatic method used for:

✅ a) Minimizing Boolean functions

b) Storing binary data
c) Compiling code
d) Decoding inputs
3. A 2-variable K-map has:

a) 2 cells
✅ b) 4 cells
c) 8 cells
d) 16 cells

4. A 3-variable K-map has:

a) 6 cells
✅ b) 8 cells
c) 12 cells
d) 16 cells

5. A 4-variable K-map has:

a) 8 cells
b) 12 cells
✅ c) 16 cells
d) 24 cells

6. A 5-variable K-map has:

a) 16 cells
b) 24 cells
✅ c) 32 cells
d) 64 cells

7. (PYQ CUET PG) Adjacent 1’s in K-map are grouped in:

a) Even numbers
✅ b) Powers of 2
c) Multiples of 3
d) Prime numbers

8. The Gray code is used in K-maps to ensure:

✅ a) Only one-bit change between adjacent cells
b) Binary order is maintained
c) Maximum 1s are together
d) Truth table is reversed

9. In K-map simplification, a group of 8 adjacent 1’s represents:

✅ a) 3-variable elimination
b) 3-variable inclusion
c) Single variable
d) No simplification

10. Don’t care conditions in K-map are denoted by:

✅ a) X
b) D
c) 0
d) 1

11. Don’t care terms can be used to:

a) Increase minterms
✅ b) Simplify the function further
c) Complicate the logic
d) Convert to maxterms

12. A group of 4 adjacent 1s in a 3-variable K-map simplifies to:

✅ a) A 1-variable expression
b) 3-variable expression
c) No simplification
d) Constant value

13. Minimum number of adjacent squares required to eliminate two variables is:
a) 2
b) 4
✅ c) 4
d) 8

14. The output of the function with K-map grouping 4 adjacent 1’s results in:

a) Single literal
✅ b) 2-variable term
c) Unchanged expression
d) Don’t care condition

15. (PYQ CUET PG) What is the simplified form of the expression using K-map for minterms
(1,3,5,7)?

a) A
b) B
✅ c) A + B
d) A · B

16. Grouping two 1s in K-map eliminates:

a) 2 variables
✅ b) 1 variable
c) No variable
d) All variables

17. Which of the following group sizes are invalid in K-map?

a) 1
b) 2
✅ c) 3
d) 4

18. Essential prime implicants are:

✅ a) Must be included in the simplified function
b) Can be ignored
c) Used only in SOP
d) Formed from zeros

19. Prime implicants are:

✅ a) All possible groupings of 1’s in K-map

b) Groupings of don’t cares only
c) Formed using minterms of 0
d) Variables used once

20. How many prime implicants are possible from a single 1 in K-map?

✅ a) One
b) Two
c) Infinite
d) Zero

21. The largest possible group in a 4-variable K-map is:

a) 4
✅ b) 8
c) 16
d) 32

22. If a 4-variable K-map has minterms (0,1,2,3), then simplified form is:

✅ a) A'B'
b) AB
c) A + B
d) A' + B'

23. A loop in K-map must contain:

✅ a) Powers of 2 number of 1s
b) Any number of terms
c) Only 2s
d) Prime numbers

24. The main advantage of using K-map over algebraic methods:

a) Converts to decimal
b) Solves for 0s
✅ c) Easier and visual simplification
d) Slower but accurate

25. If you group all 1s in a 3-variable K-map, output is:

✅ a) 1
b) 0
c) A
d) B

26. A group that contains don’t care and 1s is valid if:

a) All don’t cares are used

✅ b) It helps simplification
c) Don’t care is ignored
d) Grouping forms 3

27. The wrap-around grouping in a K-map refers to:

a) Linear arrangement
✅ b) Edge adjacency in map
c) Circular gates
d) Matrix flipping

28. Simplification of SOP using K-map involves:

✅ a) Grouping 1s
b) Grouping 0s
c) XOR operation
d) NOR logic

29. POS simplification in K-map involves:

a) Grouping 1s
✅ b) Grouping 0s
c) Grouping X
d) Complementing SOP

30. Simplified form of minterms (2,3,6,7) in 3-variable K-map is:

✅ a) B
b) A
c) A + C
d) AB

Here are 30 MCQs on "Combinational Circuits" for CUET PG MCA preparation, including CUET
PG Previous Year Questions (PYQs) where available.

🧾 Topic: Combinational Circuits

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. A combinational circuit consists of:

a) Memory elements
✅ b) Logic gates only
c) Flip-flops and registers
d) Clock signals
2. A half-adder adds:

a) 2-bit binary numbers

✅ b) Two single bits
c) 4-bit numbers
d) Signed integers

3. The number of outputs in a full adder is:

a) 1
✅ b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

4. A full adder adds:

a) Only two bits

✅ b) Two bits and a carry
c) Three 4-bit numbers
d) Decimal digits

5. A multiplexer is also known as:

✅ a) Data selector
b) Decoder
c) Encoder
d) Demultiplexer

6. The output of a 2x1 multiplexer is:

a) 0
✅ b) One of the two inputs
c) XOR of inputs
d) Always 1

7. Which of the following is not a combinational circuit?

✅ a) Flip-flop
b) Decoder
c) Encoder
d) Multiplexer

8. A decoder converts:

✅ a) Binary information to 2ⁿ outputs

b) 2ⁿ outputs to binary
c) Decimal to binary
d) Octal to hexadecimal

9. A 4-to-16 decoder has how many input and output lines?

a) 2 inputs, 8 outputs
✅ b) 4 inputs, 16 outputs
c) 8 inputs, 4 outputs
d) 16 inputs, 4 outputs

10. The function of an encoder is to:

a) Decode signals
✅ b) Convert 2ⁿ inputs to binary outputs
c) Multiply numbers
d) Add binary digits

11. A priority encoder resolves:

a) Gate delay
✅ b) Conflicts among multiple active inputs
c) Overflow conditions
d) Memory access

12. A comparator compares:

a) Binary with decimal
b) Two 4-bit numbers only
✅ c) Two binary numbers
d) Signed integers

13. A 1-bit comparator outputs:

a) Only 0
b) Only 1
✅ c) Greater, Less, Equal
d) XOR result

14. A Demultiplexer is used to:

a) Select inputs
✅ b) Route one input to multiple outputs
c) Add binary numbers
d) Store data

15. Number of select lines for 8-to-1 MUX:

a) 2
✅ b) 3
c) 4
d) 1

16. (PYQ CUET PG) A Half-Adder cannot:

a) Add bits
✅ b) Handle carry-in
c) Output sum
d) Use XOR gate

17. A Full-Adder can be built using:

a) One XOR and one AND gate
✅ b) Two half-adders and one OR gate
c) Only OR gates
d) Two NAND gates

18. A 2-to-4 decoder requires how many input lines?

✅ a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 1

19. Which logic gate is essential for a half-adder?

a) OR
b) NOR
✅ c) XOR
d) XNOR

20. The Boolean expression for sum output of a half-adder is:

✅ a) A ⊕ B
b) A + B
c) A · B
d) A + AB

21. The Boolean expression for carry output of a half-adder is:

a) A ⊕ B
b) A + B

d) A ⊕ B̅
✅ c) A · B

22. A 4-to-1 multiplexer has how many selection lines?

a) 1
✅ b) 2
c) 4
d) 3

23. What is the output of a 1-to-4 demux when input is 1 and select lines are “10”?

a) Line 0
b) Line 1
✅ c) Line 2
d) Line 3

24. Which combinational circuit is used in ALU for binary addition?

a) Decoder
b) MUX
✅ c) Adder
d) Demux

25. A combinational circuit outputs depend on:

✅ a) Current inputs only

b) Previous inputs
c) Clock inputs
d) Storage values

26. The delay in combinational circuits depends on:

a) RAM
✅ b) Number of logic levels
c) Flip-flops used
d) Input voltage

27. The number of outputs of a 3-to-8 decoder is:

a) 3
✅ b) 8
c) 24
d) 4

28. A half-subtractor is used to:

a) Add decimal digits

✅ b) Subtract 2 bits
c) Multiply numbers
d) Detect overflow

29. Full-subtractor has how many inputs?

a) 2
✅ b) 3
c) 4
d) 1

30. The difference output of a half-subtractor is:

✅ a) A ⊕ B
b) A · B
c) A + B
d) A + AB

🧾 Topic: Flip-Flops

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. Flip-Flops are:
a) Combinational circuits
✅ b) Sequential circuits
c) Arithmetic circuits
d) Linear circuits

2. A flip-flop can store:

a) 2 bits
✅ b) 1 bit
c) 4 bits
d) 8 bits

3. The basic memory element in sequential logic is:

✅ a) Flip-Flop
b) Counter
c) Register
d) Gate

4. SR flip-flop gives invalid output when:

a) S = 0, R = 1
✅ b) S = 1, R = 1
c) S = 1, R = 0
d) S = 0, R = 0

5. The JK flip-flop overcomes the invalid condition of:

✅ a) SR flip-flop
b) D flip-flop
c) T flip-flop
d) Master-slave flip-flop

6. A T flip-flop toggles when:

✅ a) T = 1
b) T = 0
c) Clock is 0
d) S = R = 1

7. D flip-flop eliminates the problem of:

a) Race-around
✅ b) Invalid inputs of SR flip-flop
c) Clock glitches
d) Data delay

8. The characteristic equation of a D flip-flop is:

a) Q(t+1) = Q
✅ b) Q(t+1) = D

d) Q(t+1) = D ⊕ Q
c) Q(t+1) = D'

9. The output of a flip-flop depends on:

a) Current input only

✅ b) Current input and previous state
c) Clock speed only
d) Number of gates

10. A flip-flop changes state:

✅ a) On clock pulse
b) On power-on
c) Randomly
d) Asynchronously only

11. A JK flip-flop toggles when:

✅ a) J = 1, K = 1
b) J = 0, K = 0
c) J = 1, K = 0
d) J = 0, K = 1

12. A master-slave flip-flop is made using:

a) One JK flip-flop
✅ b) Two JK flip-flops
c) One SR and one JK
d) One D and one T

13. In a T flip-flop, when T=1, output:

a) Remains same
✅ b) Toggles
c) Becomes 0
d) Becomes 1

14. Flip-flops are used in:

✅ a) Counters
b) Adders
c) Multiplexers
d) Decoders

15. The input combination S=R=1 in SR flip-flop causes:

a) Set
b) Reset
✅ c) Invalid state
d) Toggle

16. (PYQ CUET PG) Which flip-flop has only one input?
a) SR
✅ b) D
c) JK
d) Master-Slave JK

17. The number of states in 3 flip-flops is:

a) 6
✅ b) 8
c) 2
d) 16

18. Edge-triggered flip-flops are sensitive to:

a) Level
✅ b) Clock edge
c) Voltage
d) Current

19. A clock signal is used to:

✅ a) Synchronize flip-flop operation

b) Store inputs
c) Detect errors
d) Delay outputs

20. In a JK flip-flop, J = K = 0 gives:

✅ a) No change
b) Reset
c) Set
d) Toggle

21. The race-around condition occurs in:

✅ a) JK flip-flop
b) SR flip-flop
c) T flip-flop
d) D flip-flop

22. Which flip-flop has no invalid state?

✅ a) D
b) SR
c) JK
d) T

23. The toggle flip-flop is also known as:

✅ a) T flip-flop
b) D flip-flop
c) RS flip-flop
d) Clock divider

24. Which flip-flop stores input directly on clock edge?

a) T flip-flop
b) SR flip-flop
✅ c) D flip-flop
d) JK flip-flop

25. In D flip-flop, if D = 1 and clock is triggered, then Q becomes:

a) 0
✅ b) 1
c) Undefined
d) Complement

26. SR flip-flop truth table has how many valid states?

a) 2
b) 4
✅ c) 3
d) 1

27. JK flip-flop becomes D flip-flop if:

a) J = 0
✅ b) K = J'
c) K = 0
d) J = K

28. Flip-flops can be used to build:

a) Adders
✅ b) Registers
c) Encoders
d) Multiplexers

29. A flip-flop is a:

✅ a) Bistable device
b) Monostable device
c) Multistable device
d) Astable device

30. Number of flip-flops needed to store 16 states:

a) 3
✅ b) 4
c) 2
d) 5

Here are 30 MCQs on “Sequential Circuits” for CUET PG MCA preparation, including CUET PG
Previous Year Questions (PYQs) wherever applicable.
🧾 Topic: Sequential Circuits

📘 Total: 30 MCQs
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. What differentiates sequential circuits from combinational circuits?

a) They have no inputs

✅ b) They have memory elements
c) They are analog
d) They are non-digital

2. Sequential circuits use which type of logic devices?

a) Adders
b) Multiplexers
✅ c) Flip-flops
d) Encoders

3. Which of the following is a sequential circuit?

a) Decoder
✅ b) Counter
c) Adder
d) Multiplexer

4. The output of a sequential circuit depends on:

a) Present input only

b) Clock only
✅ c) Present input and past output (state)
d) Power supply

5. What is the basic building block of sequential circuits?

a) Logic gates
✅ b) Flip-Flops
c) Adders
d) ROM

6. A sequential circuit with no clock is called:

✅ a) Asynchronous
b) Synchronous
c) Combinational
d) Ripple

7. In a synchronous circuit, all flip-flops are triggered by:

a) Independent clocks
✅ b) Same clock
c) Flip-flop output
d) Clock divider

8. An example of a synchronous sequential circuit is:

a) Multiplexer
✅ b) Shift register
c) Encoder
d) Logic gate

9. The state of a sequential circuit is stored in:

✅ a) Flip-flops
b) Multiplexers
c) RAM
d) Cache

10. A sequential circuit uses 3 flip-flops. How many states can it represent?
a) 4
✅ b) 8
c) 6
d) 12

11. A counter is a:

a) Combinational device
✅ b) Sequential device
c) Decoder
d) Multiplexer

12. (PYQ CUET PG) Mealy and Moore machines are types of:

a) Combinational circuits
✅ b) Sequential machines
c) RAM devices
d) ALUs

13. In Moore machine, output depends on:

✅ a) Current state only

b) Input only
c) Previous state
d) Clock pulse

14. In Mealy machine, output depends on:

a) Present state only

✅ b) Present state and input
c) Flip-flop type
d) Reset line

15. A finite state machine (FSM) is used to model:

a) Analog devices
✅ b) Sequential logic behavior
c) ROM memory
d) CPU cache

16. What does the "state" in a sequential circuit represent?

✅ a) Stored past behavior

b) Input voltage
c) Clock frequency
d) Memory size

17. What is the minimum number of flip-flops required to build a MOD-6 counter?

a) 2
✅ b) 3
c) 4
d) 6

18. In a sequential circuit, feedback is provided from:

a) Input
✅ b) Output to input
c) Clock to data
d) Decoder

19. A clock pulse in sequential circuits:

✅ a) Synchronizes state changes

b) Increases delay
c) Deletes memory
d) Multiplies data

20. The speed of a sequential circuit is mainly limited by:

a) Input size
✅ b) Propagation delay of flip-flops
c) Power consumption
d) Instruction size

21. The output of an asynchronous sequential circuit may be unstable due to:

✅ a) Hazard/race conditions
b) Flip-flop count
c) High power
d) Constant inputs

22. A state diagram shows:

a) Voltage levels
✅ b) Transitions between states
c) Current values
d) Gate delays

23. A shift register is a type of:

a) Decoder
✅ b) Sequential circuit
c) Combinational circuit
d) MUX

24. What causes a transition between states in a synchronous sequential circuit?

a) Data input
✅ b) Clock signal
c) Reset
d) Voltage fluctuation

25. The minimum number of states in a MOD-3 counter is:

a) 4
b) 1
✅ c) 3
d) 5

26. A ring counter is a type of:

✅ a) Sequential circuit
b) Combinational circuit
c) Arithmetic circuit
d) Analog circuit

27. What type of sequential circuit outputs do not change immediately after input?

✅ a) Moore machine
b) Mealy machine
c) ROM-based
d) Clockless

28. Which sequential circuit reduces state count by eliminating redundant states?

a) Ring counter
b) Synchronous counter
✅ c) State minimization algorithm
d) Flip-flop

29. A MOD-8 counter requires:

a) 2 flip-flops
✅ b) 3 flip-flops
c) 4 flip-flops
d) 8 flip-flops

30. The difference between synchronous and asynchronous counters is:

a) Number of states
✅ b) Clock triggering method
c) Size
d) Voltage

Here are 30 MCQs on "Integrated Circuits (ICs)" for CUET PG MCA – Digital Fundamentals,
including CUET PG previous year questions (PYQs) where available.

🧾 Topic: Integrated Circuits (ICs)

📘 Total Questions: 30
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. What does IC stand for?

a) Internal Circuit
b) Intelligent Circuit
✅ c) Integrated Circuit
d) Interface Circuit

2. An Integrated Circuit is a:

a) Single logic gate

b) Collection of wires
✅ c) Miniaturized electronic circuit on a semiconductor
d) Group of flip-flops

3. ICs are primarily made using which material?

✅ a) Silicon
b) Copper
c) Germanium
d) Graphene
4. What is SSI in the context of ICs?

✅ a) Small Scale Integration

b) Super Speed Integration
c) Semi-Standard Integration
d) Static System Integration

5. Which type of IC has 1000 to 9999 gates per chip?

a) SSI
b) MSI
✅ c) LSI
d) VLSI

6. Which of the following best describes VLSI?

✅ a) Very Large Scale Integration

b) Variable Logic System Interface
c) Virtual Logic Signal Interference
d) Verified Logical Structured IC

7. VLSI circuits typically contain:

a) <10 gates
✅ b) >10,000 gates
c) Exactly 512 gates
d) No logic gates

8. Which of the following devices is a VLSI component?

a) Full adder
b) AND gate
✅ c) Microprocessor
d) Diode

9. MSI (Medium Scale Integration) ICs typically contain:

✅ a) 10 to 100 gates
b) 1 to 10 gates
c) 100 to 1000 gates
d) Over 10,000 gates

10. Which technology is used to manufacture ICs?

✅ a) Photolithography
b) Etching with acids
c) Wire bonding only
d) Soldering manually

11. The first commercially successful IC was developed in:

a) 1945
b) 1955
✅ c) 1959
d) 1969

12. (PYQ CUET PG) ICs are preferred in digital electronics mainly because:

a) They use more wires

✅ b) They are compact and reliable
c) They are heavy and expensive
d) They consume more power

13. What is an op-amp?

a) A logic gate
b) Flip-flop circuit
✅ c) Analog Integrated Circuit
d) Power supply

14. What are digital ICs mainly composed of?

✅ a) Logic gates
b) Inductors
c) Op-amps
d) Transformers

15. The packaging that holds the IC is known as:

a) Board
✅ b) Chip carrier
c) Logic frame
d) Bus unit

16. A dual in-line package (DIP) has:

a) One row of pins

✅ b) Two parallel rows of pins
c) No pins
d) Circular pin layout

17. IC fabrication technology is based on:

a) Vacuum tubes
✅ b) Planar technology
c) Coaxial layouts
d) Magnetic tape

18. ICs are classified based on:

a) Color
✅ b) Number of gates/components
c) Shape
d) Clock frequency

19. Logic families like TTL and CMOS are examples of:
✅ a) Digital IC technologies
b) Magnetic logic
c) Analog op-amps
d) Mechanical relays

20. Which logic family is known for low power consumption?

a) ECL
✅ b) CMOS
c) TTL
d) RTL

21. CMOS stands for:

a) Central Metal Oxide Semiconductor

✅ b) Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
c) Common MOS
d) Coded MOS

22. ICs are connected to external circuits through:

a) Coils
✅ b) Pins
c) Screens
d) Switches

23. The size of components inside an IC is measured in:

a) Centimeters
✅ b) Microns or nanometers
c) Inches
d) Degrees

24. In TTL logic family, the basic logic gate is built using:
✅ a) Bipolar junction transistors
b) MOSFETs
c) Diodes
d) Relays

25. Which generation of ICs introduced microprocessors?

a) 1st
b) 2nd
✅ c) 3rd
d) 4th

26. ICs are typically fabricated on:

✅ a) Silicon wafers
b) Metal boards
c) Plastic films
d) Glass plates

27. What does ULSI stand for?

✅ a) Ultra Large Scale Integration

b) Unified Logic System Integration
c) Ultra Logic System Interface
d) Universal Logic Signal Integration

28. Compared to discrete circuits, ICs:

a) Use more power

b) Are slower
✅ c) Occupy less space
d) Need cooling fans

29. Which is NOT a feature of integrated circuits?

a) Compact
b) Low power
✅ c) Easily repairable
d) Mass-producible

30. A System on Chip (SoC) is an example of:

✅ a) VLSI
b) MSI
c) SSI
d) Analog circuit

Here are 30 MCQs on the topic "Decoders" for your CUET PG MCA – Digital Fundamentals
preparation, including CUET PG previous year questions (PYQs) where applicable.

🧾 Topic: Decoders

📘 Total Questions: 30
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. What is the primary function of a decoder?

a) Addition
b) Memory storage
✅ c) Convert binary input to unique output
d) Multiplication

2. A decoder with n input lines can have a maximum of:

a) 2n outputs
✅ b) 2ⁿ outputs
c) n² outputs
d) n/2 outputs
3. A 3-to-8 decoder has:

✅ a) 3 inputs and 8 outputs

b) 8 inputs and 3 outputs
c) 3 outputs and 8 inputs
d) 3 inputs and 4 outputs

4. Which logic function can a decoder implement?

a) Parity
✅ b) Minterms
c) Exponentiation
d) NAND

5. A 2-to-4 line decoder has how many output lines?

a) 2
b) 8
✅ c) 4
d) 1

6. (PYQ) The function of a 4-to-16 decoder is to:

a) Convert BCD to binary

b) Add binary numbers
✅ c) Generate 16 outputs for 4-bit input
d) Encode 16 inputs to 4 outputs

7. Which one is a standard IC for a 3-to-8 decoder?

a) 7400
b) 7483
✅ c) 74138
d) 74150

8. Which IC is used for BCD to Decimal decoding?

a) 74138
✅ b) 7442
c) 7485
d) 7402

9. How many outputs does a 4-to-16 decoder generate?

a) 4
b) 8
✅ c) 16
d) 10

10. What is an enable input in a decoder?

✅ a) Activates the decoder

b) Resets all outputs
c) Controls voltage
d) Multiplies inputs

11. How many 2-to-4 decoders are needed to make a 3-to-8 decoder?

a) 2
b) 3
✅ c) 2 (with enable inputs)
d) 1

12. The output of a decoder is:

a) Always high
✅ b) Only one line active at a time
c) All lines active
d) Based on OR gates

13. In digital systems, decoders are used for:

a) Addition
b) Input buffering
✅ c) Address selection/memory decoding
d) Multiplexing

14. Which logic gates are primarily used in decoders?

✅ a) AND gates
b) OR gates
c) XOR gates
d) NAND gates

15. A decoder circuit activates:

a) All outputs
✅ b) Only one output for each input combination
c) No output
d) Two outputs always

16. What is the Boolean expression for output Y₀ in a 2-to-4 decoder with inputs A and B?

✅ a) Y₀ = A̅·B̅
b) Y₀ = A·B
c) Y₀ = A+B
d) Y₀ = A̅+B̅

17. Decoders are essential in:

✅ a) Memory address decoding

b) Serial transmission
c) Voltage regulation
d) Frequency modulation

18. What does a BCD to Decimal decoder do?

✅ a) Converts binary coded decimal to decimal output
b) Converts decimal to binary
c) Multiplies BCD
d) Divides binary inputs

19. How many 3-to-8 decoders are needed to make a 4-to-16 decoder?

a) 4
✅ b) 2
c) 3
d) 5

20. A decoder with enable input is also called a:

✅ a) Controlled decoder
b) Binary counter
c) Comparator
d) Flip-flop

21. In a 3-to-8 decoder, when input is 101, which output line is high?

a) Y3
b) Y1
✅ c) Y5
d) Y7

22. Which of these is a BCD to 7-segment decoder IC?

a) 7442
✅ b) 7447
c) 7400
d) 7410

23. What is the function of IC 7447?

a) BCD to decimal decoder
✅ b) BCD to 7-segment display decoder
c) Parity generator
d) AND gate

24. In BCD, how many valid input combinations exist for a decoder?

a) 16
✅ b) 10
c) 8
d) 4

25. (PYQ) The decoder is used in:

✅ a) Microprocessor memory selection

b) Flip-flop triggering
c) Serial conversion
d) Shift register

26. Which of the following is NOT a use of a decoder?

a) Data routing
b) Memory addressing
✅ c) Data compression
d) 7-segment display

27. How many outputs will a 5-to-32 decoder have?

a) 16
✅ b) 32
c) 10
d) 64

28. A decoder circuit is designed using:

a) Latches
b) Flip-flops
✅ c) Logic gates
d) Counters

29. Which combination is best for building hierarchical decoders?

✅ a) Using enable pins

b) Using NANDs
c) Using counters
d) Using XOR

30. In a 4-to-16 decoder, how many select lines are there?

a) 2
b) 4
✅ c) 4
d) 16

Here are 30 MCQs on the topic "Multiplexers" for your CUET PG MCA – Digital Fundamentals
preparation, including CUET PG previous year questions (PYQs) wherever applicable.

🧾 Topic: Multiplexers

📘 Total: 30 Questions
✅ Correct answers are marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question

1. What is the function of a multiplexer?

a) Perform arithmetic operations

b) Convert binary to decimal
✅ c) Select one input from many and forward it
d) Encode data
2. A 4-to-1 multiplexer has:

✅ a) 4 inputs, 2 selection lines, 1 output

b) 4 inputs, 1 selection line, 2 outputs
c) 2 inputs, 4 selection lines
d) 4 outputs, 1 input

3. Number of selection lines required for 8-to-1 multiplexer:

a) 4
b) 2
✅ c) 3
d) 1

4. A 2ⁿ-to-1 multiplexer requires how many select lines?

✅ a) n
b) 2n
c) n²
d) log₂n

5. What is the Boolean expression for a 2-to-1 multiplexer?

✅ a) Y = A·S̅ + B·S
b) Y = A + B

d) Y = A ⊕ B
c) Y = A·B

6. (PYQ) Multiplexers are used for:

✅ a) Data routing
b) Code conversion
c) Memory decoding
d) Counting

7. What does MUX stand for?

a) Maximum
✅ b) Multiplexer
c) Multiplier
d) Multisystem

8. A 16-to-1 multiplexer has how many selection lines?

a) 2
b) 3
✅ c) 4
d) 5

9. A multiplexer is also known as:

a) Decoder
✅ b) Data selector
c) Encoder
d) Demultiplexer

10. Which logic gate combination is used to build MUX?

a) XOR and NOT

b) OR and NOT
✅ c) AND, OR, NOT
d) NAND only

11. How many inputs does an 8-to-1 multiplexer have?

a) 4
✅ b) 8
c) 3
d) 1

12. Which of the following IC is used for 4-to-1 MUX?

a) 74138
✅ b) 74153
c) 7483
d) 7400

13. MUX can be used to implement:

✅ a) Any Boolean function

b) Only SOP expressions
c) Flip-flops
d) Counters

14. Which is true for MUX?

✅ a) 1 output line
b) 1 input and multiple outputs
c) Only 1 select line
d) No logic gates are used

15. Which of the following is an application of MUX?

✅ a) Digital signal routing

b) Voltage amplification
c) Frequency modulation
d) Data encryption

16. Which of the following is true about a multiplexer?

a) It demultiplexes signals
✅ b) It selects one input out of many
c) It decodes signals
d) It acts as a timer

17. A MUX with ‘m’ selection lines can select how many inputs?
a) m
✅ b) 2^m
c) 2m
d) m²

18. What is the minimum number of 2-to-1 MUX needed to build an 8-to-1 MUX?

a) 4
b) 6
✅ c) 7
d) 8

19. Which IC is used for 8-to-1 multiplexer?

a) 74138
✅ b) 74151
c) 7485
d) 74157

20. (PYQ) The output of a multiplexer is determined by:

a) Input values only

✅ b) Select lines
c) Number of gates
d) Carry lookahead

21. Which of the following is NOT a feature of multiplexer?

a) Can select one input

b) Has multiple selection lines
✅ c) Has multiple outputs
d) Used in communication

22. The control inputs of a multiplexer are also called:

a) Data inputs
✅ b) Select lines
c) Address bus
d) Clock lines

23. A 1-to-2 line is called:

a) Multiplexer
b) Encoder
c) Selector
✅ d) Demultiplexer

24. Can a multiplexer perform logic function implementation?

✅ a) Yes, any Boolean function

b) Only XOR
c) Only NOT
d) No

25. MUX is a combination of:

a) Sequential circuits
✅ b) Combinational circuits
c) Memory devices
d) Flip-flops

26. To design a 32-to-1 MUX, how many select lines are required?

a) 4
b) 5
✅ c) 5
d) 6

27. A 2-to-1 MUX uses how many data inputs?

✅ a) 2
b) 1
c) 3
d) 4

28. (PYQ) MUX circuits are useful in:

a) Arithmetic operations
✅ b) Channel selection in communication
c) Decoding BCD
d) Flip-flop triggering

29. How many total inputs and outputs are there in 4-to-1 MUX (excluding enable)?

✅ a) 4 inputs, 1 output
b) 2 inputs, 4 outputs
c) 1 input, 4 outputs
d) 4 inputs, 4 outputs

30. Which of these is NOT a standard MUX IC?

a) 74151
b) 74153
✅ c) 74123
d) 74157

Here are 30 MCQs on "Registers and Counters" for your CUET PG MCA – Digital Fundamentals
preparation, including previous CUET PG questions (PYQs) where available.

🧾 Topic: Registers and Counters

📘 Total: 30 Questions
✅ Correct answers marked
📌 PYQ = CUET PG Previous Year Question
1. What is a register in digital electronics?

✅ a) Group of flip-flops for data storage

b) Clock generator
c) Logic gate
d) Counter circuit

2. A 4-bit register can store:

a) 8 values
b) 2 values
✅ c) 4 bits of data
d) 16 bytes

3. A counter is a:

✅ a) Sequential circuit
b) Combinational circuit
c) Decoder
d) Encoder

4. (PYQ) The main function of a counter is:

a) Logic simplification
✅ b) Count clock pulses
c) Convert analog to digital
d) Store bytes

5. Which of the following is used for data transfer?

a) Decoder
✅ b) Register
c) Counter
d) ALU

6. Which is not a type of counter?

a) Synchronous
b) Asynchronous
✅ c) Analog
d) Ring

7. A register which shifts bits left or right is called:

a) Ring register
✅ b) Shift register
c) Parallel register
d) Toggle register

8. In asynchronous counter, flip-flops are:

a) Clocked simultaneously
✅ b) Clocked by previous flip-flop
c) Not used
d) Replaced with latches

9. A 3-bit counter can count from:

a) 0 to 3
✅ b) 0 to 7
c) 1 to 8
d) 0 to 15

10. Which register stores data temporarily during CPU operations?

✅ a) Accumulator
b) Decoder
c) MAR
d) ALU

11. (PYQ) What is the MOD number of a 4-bit binary counter?

a) 8
✅ b) 16
c) 10
d) 4

12. Which counter counts both up and down?

a) Ripple counter
✅ b) Up-down counter
c) Ring counter
d) T flip-flop

13. Which is faster?

a) Asynchronous counter
✅ b) Synchronous counter
c) Both same
d) None

14. How many flip-flops are needed for MOD-16 counter?

a) 3
✅ b) 4
c) 2
d) 5

15. A shift register used to convert serial to parallel is:

✅ a) SIPO
b) PISO
c) SISO
d) PIPO

16. In a ring counter, the output of the last FF is connected to:

✅ a) First flip-flop input
b) Ground
c) Clock
d) Output bus

17. A 4-bit bidirectional shift register can:

a) Shift only left

b) Shift only right
✅ c) Shift both directions
d) Store 8 bits

18. A Johnson counter is also called:

✅ a) Twisted ring counter

b) MOD counter
c) Up counter
d) Ripple counter

19. Which register is used in UART for serial data?

a) Program counter
✅ b) Shift register
c) Ring counter
d) Decoder

20. A register that loads all bits at once is:

a) Serial register
✅ b) Parallel register
c) Ring register
d) Decoder

21. Which counter resets automatically after its MOD count?

✅ a) MOD-n counter
b) Synchronous
c) Down counter
d) Up-down counter

22. Flip-flop used in most counters:

a) D flip-flop
b) JK flip-flop
✅ c) T flip-flop
d) SR flip-flop

23. What is the function of a counter in timers?

a) Store data
✅ b) Generate delay
c) Add numbers
d) Encode data

24. In a PIPO register, data is:

a) Serial in, parallel out

b) Parallel in, serial out
✅ c) Parallel in, parallel out
d) None

25. The output of shift register is delayed by:

a) 1 cycle
b) n cycles
✅ c) Clock pulses
d) Flip-flop delay

26. How many states in MOD-6 counter?

✅ a) 6
b) 64
c) 16
d) 10

27. A 3-stage ring counter has how many states?

a) 2
✅ b) 3
c) 6
d) 8

28. A register that moves bits in a circular path is:

a) Shift register
b) Ripple counter
✅ c) Ring counter
d) PISO

29. Main use of counters in digital systems is:

a) Decoding
b) Arithmetic
✅ c) Timing and control
d) Multiplexing

30. (PYQ) A 4-bit synchronous counter counts from:

a) 0 to 3
b) 1 to 10
✅ c) 0 to 15
d) 0 to 10

Here are 30 MCQs on "Memory Unit" for your CUET PG MCA – Digital Fundamentals
preparation, including previous CUET PG questions (marked as PYQ).
🧠 Topic: Memory Unit

📘 Total Questions: 30
✅ Correct answers marked
🕘 PYQs marked where applicable

1. Memory unit is a part of:

a) ALU
b) CU
✅ c) CPU
d) I/O Unit

2. Which of the following is a volatile memory?

a) ROM
✅ b) RAM
c) Flash
d) EEPROM

3. What type of memory is used to store the BIOS?

✅ a) ROM
b) RAM
c) DRAM
d) Cache

4. Which memory stores data permanently?

✅ a) ROM
b) RAM
c) Cache
d) DRAM

5. The fastest memory in the computer is:

a) RAM
✅ b) Cache
c) Hard disk
d) ROM

6. Which is non-volatile memory?

✅ a) ROM
b) DRAM
c) SRAM
d) Cache

7. (PYQ) A memory that can be both read and written is:

a) ROM
✅ b) RAM
c) PROM
d) EPROM

8. Which of the following is used as main memory?

a) ROM
✅ b) RAM
c) Registers
d) Cache

9. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) needs to be:

a) Rewritten
✅ b) Refreshed
c) Burned
d) Deleted

10. What does EEPROM stand for?

✅ a) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
b) Electronically Enabled Programmable RAM
c) Erasable Electronic Programmable RAM
d) None

11. Static RAM (SRAM) is:

✅ a) Faster than DRAM

b) Slower than DRAM
c) Equal to DRAM
d) Non-volatile

12. Which memory is used for temporary storage during program execution?

a) ROM
✅ b) RAM
c) HDD
d) SSD

13. Cache memory is located between:

✅ a) CPU and RAM

b) RAM and Hard disk
c) ROM and RAM
d) ALU and CU

14. The smallest unit of memory is:

✅ a) Bit
b) Byte
c) Word
d) Nibble

15. A memory unit that stores data in fixed locations is:

✅ a) ROM
b) DRAM
c) SRAM
d) Cache

16. PROM stands for:

✅ a) Programmable Read-Only Memory

b) Permanent ROM
c) Protected ROM
d) Programmed RAM

17. The memory directly accessed by the CPU is:

✅ a) Main memory (RAM)

b) Hard disk
c) SSD
d) Optical drive

18. (PYQ) Which memory is used to increase system speed temporarily?

a) ROM
✅ b) Cache
c) CD-ROM
d) USB

19. Which memory can be programmed once and not erased?

✅ a) PROM
b) EPROM
c) EEPROM
d) DRAM

20. Memory used for virtual memory system:

a) RAM only
✅ b) RAM + Hard disk
c) ROM only
d) EEPROM

21. Access time in memory means:

a) Delay in clock
✅ b) Time to read/write data
c) CPU processing time
d) Transfer rate

22. What is the size of a nibble?

✅ a) 4 bits
b) 8 bits
c) 16 bits
d) 2 bits

23. Which of the following is not a secondary memory?

✅ a) RAM
b) CD
c) HDD
d) SSD

24. A 64 KB memory means:

a) 64 × 10³ bits
✅ b) 64 × 1024 bytes
c) 64 × 1000 bytes
d) 64 × 1024 bits

25. Memory used to store bootloader is:

✅ a) ROM
b) RAM
c) HDD
d) DRAM

26. The term “memory hierarchy” is based on:

a) Speed only
✅ b) Speed, cost, size
c) Cost only
d) Power consumption

27. Flash memory is a type of:

✅ a) Non-volatile memory
b) Volatile memory
c) DRAM
d) Cache

28. Which memory has the longest access time?

a) Cache
b) RAM
✅ c) Hard Disk
d) ROM

29. Memory addressing is handled by:

✅ a) Memory Address Register (MAR)

b) Memory Data Register (MDR)
c) Control Unit
d) ALU

30. Which of these is used to transfer data from memory to processor?

a) MAR
✅ b) MDR
c) IR
d) PC