✅ SUM FUNCTION
→ =SUM(D1:E3) → Adds values in range D1 to E3
→ AutoSum (Formulas tab)
→ Shortcut: ALT + =
✅ SUMIF
→ =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) → Sum with one condition
✅ SUMIFS
→ =SUMIFS(C2:C10, A2:A10, "IT", B2:B10, ">50000") → Sum with multiple conditions
✅ SUBTRACTION
→ =A1-B1 → Basic subtraction
✅ MULTIPLICATION
→ =A1*B1 → Basic multiply
→ =PRODUCT(A1:A3) → Multiplies values in a range
✅ DIVISION
→ =A1/B1 → Divide
→ % view: Click % icon
✅ AVERAGE
→ =AVERAGE(A1:A5) → Mean/average of numbers
✅ MIN & MAX
→ =MIN(A1:A10) → Smallest
→ =MAX(A1:A10) → Largest
✅ LEN
→ =LEN(A1) → Character count (with spaces)
✅ COUNT
→ =COUNT(A1:A10) → Counts numbers only
✅ COUNTA
→ =COUNTA(A1:A10) → Counts non-empty cells
✅ COUNTIF
→ =COUNTIF(range, criteria) → Count with one condition
✅ COUNTIFS
→ =COUNTIFS(A2:A10, "IT", B2:B10, ">50000") → Count with multiple conditions
✅ PROPER
→ =PROPER(A1) → First letter capitalized
✅ UPPER
→ =UPPER(A1) → All caps
✅ LOWER
→ =LOWER(A1) → All lowercase
✅ CONCATENATE
→ =CONCATENATE(A1," ",B1) → Join text
✅ CONCAT
→ =CONCAT(A1," ",B1) → New version of CONCATENATE
✅ TEXTJOIN
→ =TEXTJOIN(" ", TRUE, A1, B1, C1) → Joins with delimiter, skips blanks
✅ & (Join Text)
→ =A1 & " " & B1 → Joins text manually
✅ LARGE
→ =LARGE(A1:A10, 2) → 2nd largest value
✅ SMALL
→ =SMALL(A1:A10, 1) → Smallest value
✅ ROMAN
→ =ROMAN(4) → 4 becomes IV
✅ IF
→ =IF(A1>60, "Pass", "Fail") → Logical condition
✅ IFERROR
→ =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error") → Custom message instead of error
✅ LEFT
→ =LEFT("Sunday", 3) → Sun
✅ RIGHT
→ =RIGHT("Sunday", 3) → day
✅ MID
→ =MID("Sadia", 2, 3) → adi
✅ COUNTBLANK
→ =COUNTBLANK(A1:A10) → Empty cell count
✅ NOW
→ =NOW() → Date and time
✅ TODAY
→ =TODAY() → Only date
✅ TIME
→ =TIME(10, 30, 0) → 10:30 AM
✅ DAY / MONTH / YEAR
→ =DAY(A1), =MONTH(A1), =YEAR(A1) → Extract from date
✅ DATEDIF
→ =DATEDIF(A1, B1, "y") → Difference in years/months/days
✅ ROUND / ROUNDUP / ROUNDDOWN
→ =ROUND(A1, 2) → Round to 2 decimals
→ =ROUNDUP(A1, 0) → Round up
→ =ROUNDDOWN(A1, 0) → Round down
✅ MOD
→ =MOD(10, 3) → Remainder = 1
✅ TRIM
→ =TRIM(A1) → Removes extra spaces
✅ REPT
→ =REPT("*", 5) → *****
✅ ISBLANK
→ =ISBLANK(A1) → TRUE if empty
✅ ISNUMBER
→ =ISNUMBER(A1) → TRUE if number
✅ VLOOKUP
→ =VLOOKUP("Ali", A2:D10, 2, FALSE) → Search vertically
✅ HLOOKUP
→ =HLOOKUP("Emp2", A1:E5, 2, FALSE) → Search horizontally
✅ XLOOKUP
→ =XLOOKUP("Ali", A2:A10, B2:B10) → Modern replacement for VLOOKUP
✅ SEARCH / FIND
→ =SEARCH("a", A1) → Finds position
→ =FIND("a", A1) → Case-sensitive
✅ SUBSTITUTE
→ =SUBSTITUTE(A1, "old", "new") → Replace text
✅ TEXT
→ =TEXT(A1, "dd-mm-yyyy") → Format number/date as text
✅ CELL
→ =CELL("address", A1) → Info about a cell
✅ INDIRECT
→ =INDIRECT("A1") → Value from reference text
✅ ADDRESS
→ =ADDRESS(1, 1) → Gives $A$1
✅ MATCH
→ =MATCH(50, A1:A10, 0) → Position of value
✅ INDEX
→ =INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 1) → Value at row 2, col 1
✅ CHOOSE
→ =CHOOSE(2, "Red", "Blue", "Green") → Chooses 2nd item → Blue
