The integration of life safety systems in intelligent buildings significantly contributes to their overall mission by enhancing safety and security while optimizing operational efficiency. These systems include fire detection, burglar alarms, and intrusion detection technologies that work seamlessly to protect occupants and assets . Life safety systems are designed to detect and address any threats or emergencies immediately, thus minimizing risks to building occupants and property . In intelligent buildings, life safety systems are often integrated with other automated systems, allowing for coordinated responses such as unlocking doors for safe exits or notifying authorities during emergencies. This integration ensures that safety protocols are executed efficiently, supporting the intelligent building's primary objective of creating a safe, comfortable, and efficient environment through strategic resource and risk management .

Automated systems significantly enhance energy efficiency and security in intelligent buildings by using technologies such as dimmable lighting, motion sensors, and integrated HVAC controls. Automated lighting decreases energy consumption by providing lighting only when necessary, while the integration with security systems also enhances building security . Additionally, automated systems in intelligent buildings allow for features like after-hours control of lights and HVAC that reduce unnecessary energy use while maintaining security by integrating with access control systems . These systems help in improving comfort and overall operational efficiency by optimizing resource use, thus minimizing environmental impact and operational costs.

Surveillance systems are highly effective components of security management in intelligent buildings, providing comprehensive monitoring and control capabilities. These systems capture images and videos through closed-circuit television (CCTV) setups, allowing for continuous monitoring of important areas such as building entries, parking lots, and reception areas . The integration of features such as pan, tilt, and zoom enhances the ability to observe and respond to incidents in real-time . Furthermore, surveillance systems contribute to security management by enabling visual confirmation of individuals accessing the building and verifying critical environmental conditions, which assists in efficiently managing safety incidents . Overall, surveillance systems significantly boost security protocols by providing detailed visual data, supporting rapid incident response, and deterring unauthorized access.

Biometric identification systems play a crucial role in intelligent buildings by providing enhanced security through physiological and behavioral recognition methods such as fingerprint, iris, facial, and voice recognition . These systems offer several advantages over traditional access control methods, such as keys or swipe cards. For example, biometrics eliminates the risk of lost or stolen access devices since it uses unique individual characteristics for access . Furthermore, biometric systems can improve the speed and accuracy of identity verification, leading to more efficient access management. Moreover, they provide high-level security, reducing the likelihood of impersonation or unauthorized access, as opposed to traditional methods that might be prone to breaches like card duplications . Thus, integrating biometrics in intelligent buildings enhances security effectively while supporting seamless access management.

In intelligent buildings, the interrelationship between communication wiring systems and facility management is crucial for efficient operation and management. Communication wiring systems form the backbone of IT networks, allowing for seamless connectivity and integration of various automated systems, such as HVAC, security, and energy management . Facility management utilizes these communication networks to monitor, control, and optimize building operations. For instance, centralized management platforms rely heavily on robust communication frameworks to receive real-time data from sensor networks across the building, enabling timely responses to operational needs and emergencies . This integration allows facility managers to efficiently coordinate maintenance activities, manage resources effectively, and enhance occupant comfort and safety through improved communication and system interoperability.

The primary components of an intelligent building, as outlined in the sources, include Structure, Systems, Services, and Management. Each of these components contributes to the building's overall efficiency by optimizing the environment to be productive and cost-effective. Structure refers to the building's physical design which supports efficient system installations . Systems involve integrated technologies such as HVAC, lighting, security, and energy management to enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs . Services encompass the technological and infrastructural support provided within the building, such as network communication systems and access controls . Management involves the strategy and processes that ensure all components work together to enhance the building's purpose efficiently . The interrelation between these components facilitates streamlined operations, environmental sustainability, and resource optimization.

Integrating sustainability principles into the management and operation of intelligent buildings involves adopting practices that conserve resources, minimize waste, and enhance energy efficiency. This can be achieved through implementing advanced energy management systems that optimize heating, cooling, and lighting based on real-time data to reduce consumption . Buildings can use sustainable materials in construction and incorporate renewable energy sources, such as solar panels or wind turbines, to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy . Water conservation measures, such as rainwater harvesting, contribute to efficient resource management . Additionally, facility management practices should focus on maintaining and upgrading systems for sustained performance and efficiency, thus contributing to the longevity of building operations with minimal environmental impact. Embedding sustainability into operational strategies promotes a socially responsible approach that aligns with the intelligent building's objectives of enhancing productivity and efficiency while prioritizing environmental stewardship.

The construction of intelligent buildings, as illustrated by the TCIL Bhawan in New Delhi, involves specific architectural and engineering considerations aimed at creating a modern, efficient infrastructure. Key considerations include designing the building to support integrated access control systems, building management systems, and uninterrupted power supplies to ensure operational continuity and security . Detailed attention is given to the integration of communication and IT networks for robust connectivity, along with rainwater harvesting systems for sustainable resource management . The architectural design also accommodates advanced surveillance systems through CCTV setups, ensuring thorough security management . Additionally, engineering efforts focus on optimizing the building's physical layout to facilitate the seamless installation and operation of automated systems, which collectively contribute to creating a productive and cost-effective environment.

Combined heat and power (CHP) plants in intelligent buildings offer unique benefits by providing increased energy efficiency and sustainability. These plants simultaneously generate electricity and usable heat from the same energy source, thus optimizing energy use and reducing waste . Using CHP systems allows buildings to leverage distributed generation capability, resulting in lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduced reliance on external power sources. Additionally, CHP plants enhance resilience by ensuring continuous power and heat supply even during disruptions in the grid . Such efficiency and reliability make CHP systems a valuable component of intelligent buildings focused on sustainable energy management.

The concept of intelligent buildings has evolved significantly since the 1980s when there was a growing need for more efficient and integrated control of building systems due to increasing computerization in workplaces . Initially, intelligent buildings were aimed at maximizing return on investment through skillful management and technological innovations. Over the years, the focus has shifted towards integrating advanced automated systems for energy management, safety, and communication . Modern intelligent buildings emphasize sustainability and efficiency due to heightened awareness of environmental impacts and resource constraints. This shift led to the incorporation of energy-efficient technologies, such as economizers for free cooling and combined heat and power plants for improved sustainability . Intelligent buildings now require innovation in systems that not only enhance operational efficiency and comfort but also prioritize sustainable practices and social responsibility.