ABSTRACT
This project focuses on designing and implementing an advanced Internet of Things (IoT)-
enabled campus lighting system integrated with backup support and real-time fault detection. The
main aim is to enhance energy efficiency, reduce manual intervention, and ensure uninterrupted
lighting on a campus using smart monitoring and automation. The system incorporates sensors,
microcontrollers, wireless communication, and a centralized monitoring dashboard. It includes
features such as automatic switching, energy usage tracking, battery backup management, and
fault detection in lighting nodes. This approach promotes sustainability and improves
maintenance efficiency by enabling remote diagnosis and control.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background and Motivation
Explain the importance of campus safety and security.
Discuss the role of lighting systems in ensuring safety, energy efficiency, and convenience
on campuses.
Introduce the challenges faced by traditional lighting systems such as power outages,
maintenance delays, and inefficiency.
Problem Statement
Provide a deeper dive into the specific problems that need to be addressed (e.g., power
outages, faulty lighting fixtures, inefficiencies in energy consumption).
State the overall objective of the project: creating a smart lighting system with backup
mechanisms and fault monitoring.
Scope and Limitations
Clarify the project’s scope, focusing on campus-wide lighting infrastructure.
Discuss the limitations, such as budget constraints, technical barriers, and scalability
challenges.
CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2.1EXISTING SYSTEM
Traditional campus lighting systems rely on manual operations or basic timers for switching lights
on and off. These systems lack real-time monitoring, making it difficult to detect faults, optimize
energy usage, or respond quickly during power failures. In many cases, there is no automated
backup lighting mechanism, causing areas of the campus to remain dark during outages, which
affects safety and security.
2.2PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is an advanced IoT-enabled Campus Light Backup and Monitoring System
designed to ensure uninterrupted lighting and efficient energy management. It uses smart sensors
and microcontrollers to:
Automatically switch to backup power during outages.
Continuously monitor light functionality and energy consumption.
Detect and report lighting faults in real-time.
Provide remote access and control through a web or mobile interface.
This smart infrastructure not only improves reliability but also supports sustainability by reducing
unnecessary power usage.
2.3PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Campus Light Backup and Monitoring System is an innovative IoT-based solution that
enhances the performance of lighting infrastructure in educational institutions. It addresses two
major challenges: maintaining continuous lighting during power failures and enabling real-time
monitoring to optimize energy use. By integrating sensors, controllers, and backup power systems,
the solution ensures operational efficiency and improved safety. Real-time analytics and fault
detection provide timely alerts, enabling maintenance teams to take immediate action. This modern,
eco-friendly system supports the goals of smart campus development by combining automation,
sustainability, and enhanced user experience.
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
3.1HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
Relay
Arduino uno
Bulb
Socket
Hc-05 Bluetooth module
Power supply 12v 2amps
Connecting wires
Push button
3.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino IDE is used to program the Arduino Uno microcontroller, control the sensors, update the LCD
display, and manage the servo motor. The system logic is written in Arduino C/C++ and compiled/uploaded
through the IDE.
System Requirements
• Arduino IDE for programming
• USB port for Arduino Uno
• Compatible operating systems: Windows, macOS, and Linux
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
The system comprises light sensors (LDR), current sensors, a microcontroller (Arduino Uno or
ESP32), a real-time clock (RTC) module, relays, and a backup power supply. These components
work together to monitor the lighting infrastructure, detect power failures or lighting faults, and
ensure seamless lighting operation through automated switching and backup activation.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS
1. SystemInitialization
The microcontroller initializes all modules, including the sensors, LCD display, and
communication interfaces if used (e.g., Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring).
2. AmbientLightDetection
Light sensors (LDRs) detect ambient light levels. Based on the time of day and light
intensity, the system determines whether to switch on or off the campus lights.
3. MonitoringLightingStatus
Current sensors continuously check whether the lights are functioning. If any light is not
drawing current as expected, the system identifies it as a fault.
4. PowerFailureDetectionandBackupActivation
During a power outage, the system detects the failure and immediately switches to the
backup power source using a relay module, ensuring continuous lighting in key areas.
5. DisplayandLogging
The system updates an LCD display (or a web dashboard) to show the lighting status, fault
alerts, and power source (main/backup), enabling easy monitoring.
6. Real-TimeAlertsandOptimization
If integrated with a network module, the system sends alerts (e.g., via Wi-Fi or GSM) for
maintenance teams and logs energy usage data for further analysis.
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Connections
1. Power Supply
A DC jack powers the Arduino Uno.
The same VCC and GND are extended to power the relay and HC-05.
2. Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
VCC → Arduino 5V
GND → Arduino GND
TXD → Arduino RX (pin 0)
RXD → Arduino TX (pin 1)
(Ensure a voltage divider if needed to protect HC-05 RX)
3. Push Button
One side of the button → Arduino digital pin 7
Other side → GND
Pull-up resistor (internal or external) should be used to detect HIGH/LOW properly.
4. Relay Module (Single Channel)
VCC → Arduino 5V
GND → Arduino GND
IN → Arduino digital pin 6
5. LEDs (Simulating Campus Lights)
LED positive (long leg) → Normally Open (NO) terminal of Relay
LED negative (short leg) → Connected to external power negative (GND)
Power line through relay COM terminal connects to 5V/12V depending on light power
6. Load/Backup Power Control
Relay switches between main and backup power lines
This can simulate switching lights ON/OFF during failure
4.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OR FLOWCHART
Create a block diagram or flowchart showing the system’s data flow, from sensors detecting
faults to the notification of maintenance staff.
Realy system Load 1
Arduino Board
Power supply Load 2
Hc-05 Bluetooth module
CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM TESTING
TEST OBJECTIVES
To verify that all components function as expected and that the system meets the specified
requirements, including light control, automatic switching during power failure, and remote
monitoring through Bluetooth.
Test cases and results
Tc01: power on system → system initializes; leds remain off, and bluetooth module starts
blinking (waiting for connection).
Tc02: manual light on using button → when button is pressed, relay activates and leds
(lights) turn on.
Tc03: manual light off using button → when button is released, relay deactivates and leds
turn off.
Tc04: remote control on via bluetooth → sending command '1' from mobile turns on the
relay and leds.
Tc05: remote control off via bluetooth → sending command '0' turns off the relay and leds.
Tc06: simulate power failure → if main power is cut off, backup lights remain operational
via relay switching.
COMPONENT USED IN TESTING
Component Quantity Function
Arduino uno 1 Microcontroller and
centralcontroller
Push button 1 Manual control for switching
lights
Realy module 1 Controls switching of light
circuit
Hc-05 bluetooth 1 Wirless communication with
mobile device
Led(as light) 2 Represents light load
Bread board 1 Prototype and testing
Jumper wires As need Electrical connection
between components
Dc power supply 1 Main and backup power
simulation
CHAPTER 6
IMPLEMENTATION
The Campus Light Backup and Monitoring System is implemented using an Arduino Uno
microcontroller, integrating a relay module, HC-05 Bluetooth module, LEDs (representing lights),
and a push button. This setup enables both automatic and manual control of lighting based on power
status or user input. The system ensures that lights stay ON during main power failures by switching
to a backup source using a relay, and allows real-time remote control via a mobile device.
6.1 Hardware Setup
1. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno) is programmed to control all components and process
inputs from sensors and Bluetooth.
2. Relay Module is used to switch the lighting load between OFF, ON, and backup supply.
3. Push Button provides manual control to simulate or override automatic switching.
4. LEDs act as indicators for light ON/OFF status in real-time.
5. HC-05 Bluetooth Module allows remote control through a smartphone using a serial
Bluetooth terminal app.
6. Power Supply includes a simulated main power (via DC input) and backup supply (also
DC).
6.2 Software Implementation
The Arduino IDE is used to program the logic using C/C++.
The program monitors the push button state and serial input from Bluetooth.
If the button is pressed or Bluetooth command 1 is received, the relay is activated and lights
are turned ON.
If the button is released or command 0 is received, the relay is turned OFF.
Serial Monitor or Bluetooth app provides real-time feedback (optional).
6.3 Workflow
1. System powers ON, initializes relay and Bluetooth.
2. Waits for either:
o Button press to turn ON lights, or
o Bluetooth command to control lights remotely.
3. Lights remain ON until button is released or OFF command is received.
4. During a power cut (simulated by disconnecting the main supply), relay shifts to backup
circuit.
5. LEDs remain ON, ensuring uninterrupted lighting.
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
7.1 Conclusion
Summarize the findings and accomplishments of the project.
Highlight the benefits of the IoT-enabled campus lighting system, including fault detection,
backup power, and energy efficiency.
7.2 Future Scope
Discuss potential improvements, such as:
o Integration with renewable energy sources like solar panels.
o Use of AI/ML for predictive maintenance and lighting optimization.
o Expansion to include additional utilities (HVAC, water management).
o Mobile app integration with voice control and push notifications.
CHAPTER 8
APPENDIX
SAMPLE CODE
#define BUTTON_PIN 12
#define RELAY_PIN 11
bool relayState = false;
void setup() {
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Use internal pull-up
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Relay OFF initially
[Link](9600); // HC-05 default baud rate
void loop() {
int buttonState = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
if (buttonState == HIGH) {
// Button is pressed (circuit open)
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // Turn ON relay
if (!relayState) {
[Link]("Relay is activated");
relayState = true;
}
} else {
// Button not pressed (NC closed)
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Turn OFF relay
if (relayState) {
[Link]("Relay not activated");
relayState = false;
delay(100); // Debounce delay
}
CHAPTER 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arduino Official Documentation
[Link]
(Reference for Arduino UNO programming, pin configuration, and IDE usage)
HC-05 Bluetooth Module Datasheet
[Link]
(For understanding HC-05 AT commands, serial communication setup, and voltage levels)
Relay Module Guide (Opto-Isolated 5V Relay)
[Link]
(For controlling high-voltage AC loads with Arduino safely)
Push Button Debouncing with Arduino
[Link]
(Used for handling push button toggling logic)
SoftwareSerial Library Documentation
[Link]
(To establish serial communication between Arduino and HC-05 module)
Bluetooth Terminal App (Android)
Serial Bluetooth Terminal by Kai Morich
[Link]
(Used to send commands over Bluetooth for relay control)
General Arduino Tutorials – TutorialsPoint IoT
[Link]
