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Cognitive

Cognitive biases are systematic deviations from rational judgment that arise from the brain's information processing shortcuts, leading to errors in logic and decision-making. Common types include confirmation bias, anchoring bias, and availability heuristic, which impact personal relationships and professional decisions. Recognizing these biases is essential for improving decision-making and rational thinking.

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86 views1 page

Cognitive

Cognitive biases are systematic deviations from rational judgment that arise from the brain's information processing shortcuts, leading to errors in logic and decision-making. Common types include confirmation bias, anchoring bias, and availability heuristic, which impact personal relationships and professional decisions. Recognizing these biases is essential for improving decision-making and rational thinking.

Uploaded by

emerybrad4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

4.

Cognitive Bias (Psychology)

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
These biases often arise from our brain’s attempt to simplify information processing. While they
can be helpful shortcuts, they often lead to errors in logic, memory, and decision-making.

Common Types of Cognitive Biases:

 Confirmation Bias: The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a
way that confirms one’s preconceptions. For example, people who believe a rumor might
ignore evidence that contradicts it.
 Anchoring Bias: Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the
“anchor”) when making decisions. For instance, seeing a $1,000 coat on sale for $400
might make it seem like a great deal, even if $400 is still expensive.
 Availability Heuristic: Judging the likelihood of events based on how easily examples
come to mind. For example, after seeing news reports about airplane crashes, people
might overestimate the risk of flying.

Impacts of Cognitive Biases:

 In personal life: They influence our relationships, spending habits, and choices.
 In professional settings: Biases can affect hiring decisions, negotiations, medical
diagnoses, and policy-making.

Recognizing cognitive biases is the first step toward improving decision-making and becoming a
more rational thinker.

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