Loading Capability Curve of synchronous generator
The capability curves of a synchronous generator operating at rated voltage give the maximum active-
and reactive-power loadings that can be supplied without exceeding the KVA rating (armature heating
limit) or the field heating limit. Dragging point R which establishes the rated operating conditions
changes the power factor. The slider KVA controls the rating. Dragging point A shows the effects of
machine reactance. The stability limit is reached when δ = 90°.
Loading capability curve represents the limits in which a generator can continue its operation without
any damage. It also recognized as the functioning chart of the synchronous generator. The load
associated with the generator should according to the rating of the generator. The load of the
generator also follows the rated values of the generator’s mechanical power source (prime mover).
The value of the IF should be in the bearable value of the generator, so it cannot damage the windings.
The angle of the load must be less than ninety degrees. In today’s post, we will have a look at how
these limits are practically works and their effects.
Synchronous Generator Capability Curves
• The heats limits of the stator and the rotor of the generator, and some other exterior
restrictions can be defined by the generator capability curve.
• A capability curve can be made from the complex apparent power of the generator S=P +Qj.
• It is found from the phasor diagram of the generator, by supposing that the Vø has constant
value at the rated voltage of the generator.
• In a given diagram, you can see the phasor diagram of the generator when it is connected
with the inductive load and its rated voltage
• An orthogonal set of axes is constructed on the diagram with its initial point at the tip of Vø
and represents in V.
• In the diagram that is denoted as A, the perpendicular part AB has the length of XsIAcosø and
the length of the horizontal part (OA) is XsIAsinø.
• The active power of the generator is given as.
P=3VøIAcosø
• The reactive power Q of the synchronous generator is given as.
Q= 3VøIAsinø
• The apparent power S is given as.
S =VøIA
• So the vertical (AB) and the horizontal (OA) components of this curve can be written in active
and reactive power. Its drawn in above figure and denoted as B.
• The alteration factor required to change the gage of the axes from volts to voltampere’s
(power units) is 3Vø/Xs
P=3VøIAcosø= 3Vø/ Xs (XsIAcosø)
Q= 3VøIAsinø=3Vø/ Xs (XsIASinø)
• At the axis of the voltage, the vertex of the phasor diagram is at the negative of the Vø on the
horizontal axis.
• The vertex of the power diagram is.
Q= 3Vø/Xs (-Vø)
= -(3V2ø)/(Xs)
• The field current of the generator is directly proportionate to the flux of the generator and
the flux is directly proportionate to the internal generated voltage EA =Kwø
• The length equivalent to internal generated voltage EA on the power diagram is written as.
DE = -(3EAVø)/(Xs)
• The armature current is directly proportional to the XsIA and the length equivalent to XsIA on
the power diagram is 3VøIA.
