DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER BASED

TEST SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

(A CASE STUDY OF AUCHI POLY SECONDARY SCHOOL AUCHI)

BY

SHAKA KHADIJAT
ICT/2252050048

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY,
AUCHIPOLYTECHNIC AUCHI. EDO STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR

THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE.

i
 CERTIFICATION
I the undersigned, certify that this project work was carried out by SHAKA

KHADIJAT of the Department of computer science.

I also certify that this work is adequate in scope and quality in partial fulfillment of

the Requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in computer

Science.

…………………………………. ……..………………………….
MR. MOMODU. M Sign/Date
(Project Supervisor)

………………………………… …………………………………..
MR. AKHETUAMEN.S. Sign/Date
Head of Department (HOD)
Computer Science

ii
 DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to the Almighty God for his guidance, mercy and infinite
Love upon us, for the completion of this program.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It now gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude to Almighty Allah for

aiding me to accomplish the task He sets before me, and to those who in special

measure have aided me in this project.

Special thanks to my supervisor, Mr. MONODU. M, for his suggestions, advices,

corrections, support and guidance. I would like to express my thanks to MR.

AKHETUAMEN.S. The Head of Department, Computer Science. And to all of my

indefatigable lecturers in Computer Science Department are most appreciated.

A million thanks go to my family for their moral and financial support, most

especially: Late Mr. SHAKA and my MOM for their financial and moral support

and siblings for the completion of my project.

I will not forget to appreciate my colleagues, who directly or indirectly aided in the

completion of this work, thank you all.

On a final note, I would like to express our utmost gratitude to MR.

ENOBUN.M.O and to all my friends that contributed one way or the other, I say

thank you.

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 List of tables

Table 1: Student Registration Table............................................................27

Table 2: User Info Table............................................................................27

Table 3: Class Info Table…........................................................................28

Table 4: Subject Info Table........................................................................28

Table 5: Question Info Table….................................................................28

Table 6: List of Function Testing Cases.....................................................38

Table 7: Software Testing Guide…............................................................44

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 List of Figures

Figure 1: Student Case Diagram…........................................................25

Figure 2: Staff / Admin use Case Diagram............................................26

Figure 3: Architectural Design................................................................30

Figure 4: Program Flowchart....................................................................31

Figure 5: System Flowchart....................................................................32

Figure 6: Home Page................................................................................41

Figure 7: Welcome Page…....................................................................42

Figure 8: Question Page…........................................................................43

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CONTENT

Title…................................................................................................i

Certification........................................................................................ii

Dedication........................................................................................iii

Acknowledgement............................................................................iv

List of Tables....................................................................................v

List of Figures....................................................................................vi

Table of contents................................................................................vii

Abstract............................................................................................xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the study............................................................1

1.2 Statement of the problem….......................................................5

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study................................................6

1.4 Significance of the study............................................................7

1.5 Scope of the Study....................................................................7

1.6 Limitations of the study............................................................8

1.7 Definition of terms....................................................................8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Literature Review........................................................................10

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2.1 Review of Related Literature…................................................10

2.2 Computer Based Test System........................................................14

2.3 Computer Based Test System in Nigeria…..................................15

2.4 Advantages of CBT........................................................................15

2.5 Benefits of CBT System................................................................16

2.6 Security guard Line for CBT System.............................................17

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.0 System Analysis and Design........................................................19

3.1 Introduction.................................................................................19

3.2 Method of Data Collection............................................................19

3.2.1 Interviews Method....................................................................20

3.2.2 Reference to Written Text........................................................20

3.3 Analysis of the Existing System…............................................21

3.3.1 Advantages of the Existing System............................................21

3.3.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System…....................................22

3.4 Overviews of the Proposed System............................................22

3.4.1 Merit of the Proposed System…................................................23

3.4.2 Demerit of the Proposed System…............................................24

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3.5 System Design.................................................................................24

3.6 Use Case Diagram…......................................................................24

3.6.1 Use Case Diagrams........................................................................25

3.7 Database Design............................................................................27

3.8 Architectural Design........................................................................29

3.8.1 Program Flowchart........................................................................30

3.8.2 System Flowchart........................................................................32

3.9 Input Design....................................................................................33

3.10 Output Design................................................................................33

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.0 System Implementation....................................................................34

4.1 System Implementation....................................................................34

4.2 System Requirements........................................................................36

4.2.1 Hardware Requirements................................................................36

4.2.2 Software Requirements................................................................36

4.3 System Development........................................................................37

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4.3.1 System Change Over Plan............................................................37

4.3.2 System Testing................................................................................38

[Link] Functionality Testing....................................................................38

[Link] Usability Testing........................................................................39

[Link] Compatibility Testing.....................................................................39

4.4 Choice of Programming Language....................................................40

4.5 Program / Interface Design................................................................40

4.6 Software Testing................................................................................44

4.6.1 Software Testing Guide…............................................................44

CHAPTERFIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation....................................48

5.1 Summary............................................................................................48

5.2 Conclusion.........................................................................................48

5.3 Recommendation................................................................................50

REFERENCES

APPENDIX I…........................................................................................54

x
APPENDIX II........................................................................................56

xi
 ABSTRACT

Computer-based testing (CBT) has emerged as one of the recent “innovative”

approaches to assessments most pursued by institutions, especially secondary and
tertiary institutions. CBT is lauded as the answer to having cheaper and speedier
test delivery for elementary, middle, secondary and even tertiary school testing
assessments which is a programmed computer test. Computer based test is a form
of administering test in which the response are electronically assessed and
recorded the Major objective of the project was to design and develop a Computer
Based Test that would computerized the existing records management in the
department of Computer Science and give direct benefit to the department in terms
of fast information retrieval, enhanced decision making. The Computer Based Test
was designed as a web based system and implemented using open source solutions
that include MYSQL as the database, and PHP as the programming language. An
extensive evaluation of the project determined that the project achieved many of its
predefined objectives however, the major limitation of the project was the scope
covered. From a proper analysis and assessment of the designed system, it can be
concluded that the system developed is an efficient, usable and reliable computer
based test.

KEYWORD: Online system, Assessment, Student, Computer Based Test

xii
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

It is widely believed that all tests will one day be delivered on a computer of some

sort. However, it is difficult to accurately predict when this day will come. It has

seemingly been just around the corner since the early 1990s, signed on to computer

based testing (CBT). Today, dozens of admissions, placement, certification, and

licensure testing programs are administered on computer, with the number growing

each year. Computer based test highly been interested and suitable in both

education and pedagogical aspects. Test is one of the best methods of evaluate the

knowledge and ability of an individual, starting from manual means of using paper

and pencil to electronic, from oral to written, practical to theoretical and many

others.

The present information technology means of examine students is the use of

electronic system in place of manual paper method which was characterized by

massive examination leakages, impersonations, demand for gratification by

teachers, bribe taking by supervisor and invigilators of examinations.

Computer-based testing (CBT) is an efficient way for test sponsors to provide a

secure, consistent environment for certification and licensure while significantly

1
enhancing the candidate experience. It is common for testing volumes to increase

2
after a full conversion from paper-based testing (PBT) to CBT, often as a result of

the availability of a greater number of testing locations and more flexible

scheduling and testing opportunities. Migration from PBT to CBT does affect

candidate behavior, however, and it is possible for some testing programs to

experience brief reductions in demand triggered by candidate apprehension

regarding CBT. Many institutions are beginning to re-evaluate their traditional

method and have considered providing pedagogical materials through internets.

Web-based testing and assessment system offer greater flexibility than the

traditional approach because test could be offered at different times by students and

in different locations. More importantly, questions could be shuffled having the

same structure and levels but different contents. Since the inception of the

secondary schools, the conduct of examinations as well as inability to release

results on time, inability for some students to get their results and several

incomplete results. These problems have embarrassed most secondary schools.

Some students did complain and a newspaper was used to air their view, and this

was the comment, “Other challenges they highlighted include delay in the release

of examination results failure and delay to graduate students from secondary

schools since inception and many other”. It has to be stated however that these

problems are not entirely the fault of the secondary school as the students also

contribute immensely to the problems, these factors range from the failure of the

3
students to write the Tutor-Marked Assignments (TMA) that

4
is cumulative Assessment and the secondary school results even if the students

pass the examination very well; the use of mobile phone numbers in place of

matriculation numbers, thus making the students grades untraceable. It is the

problems associated with conventional method of writing examination that made

the secondary schools to come up with the resolution in conducting the secondary

school examination with the electronic model. This is believed and would put an

end to the inability to release results failure to conduct of examinations. Before this

decision was taken however, the secondary schools have to grapple with serious

issues including the preparedness of the students to face electronic examination.

Basically, CBT for secondary schools can be defined as a system that “involves the

conduct of examinations through the used or the internet” E-assessment in its

broadest sense is the use of information technology for any assessment related

activity.

The origin of CBT would naturally be traced to the further deployment of the

potential of the internet and the teachers and the internet. As students around the

world establish connections to internet and teachers and students gain proficiency

with navigating through the vast quantity of richly available information, the true

educational potential of the World Wide Web can finally begin to understand. One

of the potentials of the web is the ability to conduct examination through electronic

means. CBT deployment removes series of anomalies being encountered in the

5
manual tests. According to researchers, the CBT would remove all human errors

6
recorded in manual examinations and create opportunity for students to access their

results immediately. If the examination is conducted through net, it be difficult for

students to carry out form of examination malpractice.

Computer based testing (CBT) or computer based assessment is seen as a catalyst

for changes in pedagogical methods (OECD, 2010), It is seen as a catalyst for

change, bringing about a transformation in learning, pedagogy and curricula in

educational institutions (Scheuermann and Pereira, 2008). In order to establish

valid Computer based testing (CBT) the international Guidelines on Computer-

Based and Internet-Delivered Testing (International Test Commission, 2004) state

that equivalent test scores should be established for tests using the conventional

paper- based mode and the new computer-based mode. This set of testing standards

is supported by classical True-Score Test Theory (Allen and Yen, 1979), which is

the basis of both computer-based and paper-based testing. According to this theory,

someone who takes the same test in the two modes can be expected to obtain

nearly identical test scores. The result of taking pencil based examination or

Computer based testing has little or no difference between them. Most secondary

schools in Nigeria basically use paper-based test in assessing student’s

performance from the junior school to Secondary school.

This sometimes results in either a last-minute increase in testing during final PBT

administrations or candidate procrastination to the last available computerized

7
testing date. Therefore, the question facing licensing organizations is how to keep

test volumes up and candidate uncertainty down when migrating from a paper-

based to a computer-based test?

The key to mitigating test volume risk and ultimately driving an increase in

demand is ongoing marketing, candidate education and outreach. In terms of

promoting the new computerized testing program, marketing and effective

communication can have an important impact on stakeholder acceptance of CBT

and comfort with its use.

The set of questions often used in the CBT system are multiple choice objective

test and quizzed that can be easily evaluated online in order to allay candidate fears

and minimize question.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The challenges faced with Pencil-Paper Test (PPT) or Paper based test is

overwhelming, they include but not limited to exam malpractice, inaccuracy in

marking, delay in marking results. These challenges do not help in the growth of

the education sector of Nigeria.

Computer Based Test is economical, accurate and time bound. Primary, Secondary

and Tertiary Institutions can adopt this system to solve challenges noted above.

Examination bodies such as the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB)

8
are already adopting a system that carters for her examinations across 500 CBT

centers nationwide. This has aided the examination to curb challenges faced with

the PPT system of examination.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study

The main aim of the research project is to design and implement an online

computer based test system for secondary school. It will manage and save test

result (assessment sheets on the database safely for future references).Also,

students are given test according to time and there are no need of using extra

materials like paper, pen etc. to achieve this aim, specific objectives of the research

paper are:

 To develop a CBT system that automatically generates exam numbers for

students.

 To develop a CBT system with enhanced security features to avoid exam

malpractice.

 To develop a system of CBT model that is devoid of irregularities and

generally fair to all applicants system.

 To design a CBT system with real time processing of results for candidates.

1.4 Significance of the study

This study is intended to assist in some small way to those practitioners who are

9
struggling with the decision of whether to test on computer and how they might

best

10
go about doing so. It is not intended to provide an introduction to the important

methods and to the considerations that dictate use of those methods. It is far from

comprehensive in this regard. To make truly informed decisions, one would need

to be at least conversant if not quite familiar with the study. This is a roadmap

intended to precisely direct practitioners on their journey to computerized delivery,

also as a guidebook highlighting some of the landmarks they will likely visit along

the way, we need to start by deciding whether the attractions of the destination

outweigh the rigors of travel.

1.5 Scope of the study

This study covered the design and implementation of computer based test system

for secondary school, using Auchi poly secondary school Auchi the case study

1.6 Limitations of study

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the

researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in

the process of data collection through the internet, questionnaire and interview.

Time constraint- The researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other

academic work. This consequently cut down on the time devoted for the research

work.

11
1.7 Definition of terms

Computer Based Test (CBT): Is the use of information technology for any

assessment-related activity.

Design: Is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a

system.

Implement: To put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect.

E-Marking System: Given the examiner a possibility of checking and marking the

answer sheet directly on a computer screen rather than reading paper documents.

E-Learning: Is the computer and network enabled presence of transfer of skills and

knowledge.

Cryptography: Is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication

in the third parties (called adversaries).

Result Integrity: Is the concept of consistency of action, values, methods, measures,

participles, expectations and outcomes of examination process.

12
 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Review of Related Literature

There is a growing body of research focused on developing better ways to

Manage CBT system. Some of these researches focused on various section of the

system. (Schramm, 2008) looked at an e-learning web based system that could

simply offer and grade mathematical questions with infinite patience. Therefore it

needs the capability for input and output of mathematical formula, the dynamic

generation of Plots and the generation of random expression and numbers.

(Al-Bayati and Hussein, 2008) presents an applied Generic software of

Multiple kinds of CBT package; this package of CBT materials of this package is

translated into language of H1 persons like sign language and finger spelling. The

idea of the Generic software is to present an empty templates to the teacher who

would like to develop his required CBT for the needful topic (mathematics,

English language, science, etc.) and desired set of exam kinds (multiple choices,

matching between words, fill in works etc.).

Computer Based Test system is an effective solution for mass education evaluation

(zhenmingeta1, 2003) they developed a novel online examination system based on

a Browser/Server framework which comes out the test (examination) and auto—

grading for objective questions and operating questions such as programming,

13
operating Microsoft windows, editing Microsoft word, Excel and PowerPoint, etc.

Another paper (He, 2006) presents a web-based educational assessment system by

applying Bloom’s taxonomy to evaluate students learning outcomes and teacher

instructional practices in real time. The system performance is rather encouraging

with experimentation in science and mathematics course of two local high schools.

Computer Based Test is a difficult part of e-learning security (Huszti and patlio,

2008). The paper describes the anonymity, secrecy, robustness, correctness without

the existence of a trusted unity party. (Ayo et al, 2007) proposed a model for CBT

system in Nigeria where all applicants are subjected to online examination.

(Gaytan, 2007) presented a detailed unhistorical background of CBT online

education, with regards to its current status, its potentials and limitations that could

lead to the advancement of the scholarship of teaching learning. Furthermore, the

Nigeria National 1T policy, which was formulated in the year 2000 is responsible

for the monumental developments across the various sectors of the economy.

The vision is to make Nigeria an IT capable country in Africa and a key player in

the information society. Its primary mission is to "use it'' for: education; creation of

wealth; poverty eradication; etc. (Ajayi, 2005).

The project includes the provision of VSAT to the 774 local governments in the

country, and the installation of the necessary infrastructures particularly, fiber optic

backbone across the nation.

14
The CBT systems develop by (fagbola et al, 2013) was an online examination

system that assesses students using multiple questions set by the teachers and is

capable of grading students accordingly. The system is expected to provide an

effective solution for mass student evaluation and provides functionalities such as

auto-submission of examination on expiration of set time, auto-grading of students

and examination result report generation. The waterfall model of software

development life cycle was adopted and the conceptual design (activity diagram,

the use cases, the data flow diagram and the entity-relationship diagram) were

presented.

(Tascieta1, 2014) proposed an online examination system architecture which

provides for integrated management of an examination main functionalities. These

include question pool deration and update, examination authorizing, execution and

evaluation, management of the feedback from students, along with ensuring use of

analysis reports related to the questions and examination created by an intelligent

agent in the decision-making processes.

The system architecture includes Administration, implementation, finalization, and

support layer. A monitoring agent was designed to help students through creating

reports. Analysis on this system at sakarya University Turkey, show that the

proposed intelligent agent supports online examination system, detects problems

that may arise and enables the instructors to make decision more easily on such
15
problems in a shorter time. The expect system which uses the IFTHEN construct is

16
expected to expand to include additional intelligent features with the aim of

resolving different problems. The use of ICT in the assessment of students has

evolved over time and will continue to advance due to its effectiveness. Earlier

works on CBT system have been towards the recording and notification of the

students final examination score. However, this work, in addition to the

notification of the students final score, also presents the students’ scores in other

forms of assessment.

(Emery and Abu, 2006) developed an on line website for tutoring and examination

of economic courses. This novel software tool was used online examination and

tutorial application of the syllabus of economic course so as to ensure that students

study all the concepts of economics.

So the proposed software is structure from two major modules: the first one was an

online website to review and make self-test for all materials of economic courses.

The second part is an online examination using a large database bank of questions

through to maximum evaluations can be obtained.

The developed software offers the following features;

a. Instructors could add any further questions to maximize the size of the bank of

questions.

17
 b. Different examination for each students with randomly selected questions from

the back of questions can be done.

c. Different reports for the instructors, students and class’s etc. Can be obtained.

d. Several students can take their exams simultaneously without any problem

inside and outside their campus. The proposed software has been designed to work

based on the client server architecture.

2.2 Computer Based Test System

The CBT system is a system that “involve the conduct of test (exam) through the web

or the intranet” through the definition of Wikipedia is that of E-assessment, it is

related to examination E-assessment in its broadest sense in the use of information

technology for any assessment related activity. The origin of CBT system would

naturally be traced to the further deployment of the potential of the internet. (EL

emery and Alsondos, 2006).

(Awosiyan, 2010) quoting prof. OluJegede the vice chancellor of noun, says that:

CBT system was introduce to address series of anomalies being encountered in the

manual test. He said that the CBT system would remove all human errors recorded

manual examination and create opportunity for student to assess their result

immediately. With this we have remove so many hiccups in the complication of

18
answer script and movement of examination paper from one part of the country to

another.

(Ayo et al, 2007) also say that CBT system reduce the large proportion of

workload on examination, training, grading and reviewing, thus bringing the ability

for the institution to release examination result in record time. This is because

where the lecturer would spend weeks marking script manually, the computer

would grade the students as soon as they finish their paper.

2.3 Computer Based Test System in Nigeria.

In Nigeria very few schools have stated using the CBT system for their test/exams

including some university like Auchi polytechnic and some other secondary school

and university. The internet was setup in CBT centers containing 50 to 200

computer system and a server. Another observation made was that most of these

centers are being managed by the integrity of the results.

2.4 Advantages of CBT (Computer Based Test)

CBT system simplifies the process by which examinations are delivered, taken and

scored electronically. It entails questions are deployed onto computer workstations

(intranet and internet) and candidate answering the question on to the computer.

The process of writing test (exams) is thus completely paperless. It is sometimes

referred to as e-exam or CBA (computer-based Assessment). Advocates for the

19
CBT system

20
models argue that it not time-consuming but rather time saving, (Mc Cormack and

Jones, 1998) and identify these advantages:

 Time saving, as assessments can be created using tools and adapted and

reused as needed. They can be distributed and collected using a web-based

system which saves development and distribution time.

 Reduces turnaround time; as the system enables assessment to be corrected

by computers.

 Reduces resources needed by replacing human resources with computer

resources.

 Keeping records of results that be stirred centrally as assessed by interested

parties, such as students and staff.

 A key element in computer-based testing is that fewer people are required to

supervise each examination. This will result in considerable cost savings.

 Increasing ease with data can be used as corrected assignments corrected and

stored electronically can be analyzed easier and the data can be used in

spread sheets and other statistical packages.

2.5 Benefits of CBT System

 low long costs

 Instants feedback to student

21
  Greater flexibility with respect to location and timing

 Enhanced question on styles which incorporate interactivity and multimedia.

 Create a paperless situation.

 Improve reliability (machine marking is such reliable than human marking)

 Greater storage efficiency and tens of thousands of answer scripts can be

stored on a server compared to the physical space required for paper scripts.

2.6 Security guard Line for CBT System

The authority of secondary schools and university maintained examination

administration and security stand standards that are designed to assure that all

candidates are provided the same opportunity to demonstrate their abilities.

The assessment center is continuously monitored by audio and video surveillance

equipment for security purpose. The following security procedures are applied

during the examination.

 Test/exams are proprietary, cameras, notes, tape recorders, Personal Digital

Assistants (PDAS), pagers or cellular phones are not allowed the testing

room use of a cellular phone or other electronic device is strictly prohibited

and will result in dismissal from the examination and forfeiting the entire

registration fee.

22
 No guests, visitors or family members are allowed in the fasting room

reception areas.

 No personal belongings are allowed in the assessment center. Only key and

wallets may be taken into the testing room. The testing center is not

responsible for items left in the school area.

 Eating, drinking or smoking is not permitted in the assessment center.

 Candidates may take a break whenever they wish, but they are not allowed

to take additional time to make up for times lose during breaks.

23
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

This chapter identifies the functionality and performance of the present system

(understudy) with a view of initializing software development plan for the system.

Also, it shows the description of the requirement, the existing system as well as the

proposed system. It also shows the design of the system.

System Analysis is the process of examining a system for the purpose of providing

solution to a problem.

3.2 Methods of Data Collection

In order to meet research objective, data which has been collected for analysis purpose

are of primary and secondary in nature but study is more based on secondary data.

Primary Data Source: Primary source refers to the sources of collecting original data

in which the researcher made use of empirical approach such as personal interview

and observations. The primary source of data collection adopted for this research is

the interview method.

24
Secondary Data Source: Secondary data is the data that already exists which has

been collected by some other person or organization for their use, and is generally

made available to other researcher free. In addition, some other data has been

collected from journal papers including both online and journal papers sourced in

the library, books, the Internet, magazines and newspaper articles and official

statistics. However, secondary data may not always answer that specific question

of a researcher

The methods adopted in the collection and gathering Data and Information for the

project include, interview, Reference, and written texts.

3.2.1 Interview Method

This was done between the researcher and some management staff in authorities.

Reliable facts were gotten based on the questions posed to them by the researcher.

3.2.2 Reference to Written Text

Computer Based Test information documentations were studied and a lot of

information concerning the system in question was obtained. Some forms that are

necessary and available were assessed. Also internet downloads was made to

obtain some text materials.

25
3.3 Analysis of the Existing System

The existing system is done manually for up keeping of the details of the person

who are registered already. It is very difficult for some secondary schools to get

enough examination class rooms and enough seats and writing materials. Also, it is

difficult for the students to write exams in the appropriate manner or good

conductive environment for conducting an exam.

This system is required to prepare registration question paper for students and

requires printing a lot of number manually. To calculate how many students

required and verification of details of the students in a month by hand is very

difficult.

This requires quiet a lot of time and wastage of money as it requires quiet a lot of

manpower to do that.

3.3.1 Advantages of the Existing System

i. The existing system don’t need electricity or batteries to used

ii. They are easily portable and be used in any setting

iii. You don’t have to make a hard copy of your work

iv. You can correct mistakes easily with an eraser

v. The written words are more easily traced

26
 3.3.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System

i. The existing system is very time consuming

ii. It 1s very difficult to analyze the exam manually
iii. To take exam of more candidate, more invigilators are required but no need
of invigilator in case of CBT exam
iv. Results are not precise as calculation and evaluations are done manually
v. The changes of paper leakage are more in current system as compared to
proposed system
vi. Result processing takes more time as it is done manually

3.4 Overview of the Proposed System

Secured CBT exams are one of the most difficult challenges in learning securities.

The relevance of the CBT proposed for any academic institution implies that

different security mechanisms must be applied in order to preserve some security

properties during different examination stages. We are proposing a CBT system

that makes use of cryptography for protecting question in order to achieve the

desired security levels at every exams stage.

The first stage is that all the principal actors in this system (student, teacher and

administrators) have to be registered.

After the registration, the teachers can now use their status to send directly the

prepared questions and answer keys (encrypted) to the question server (data

based). The students can now go to the CBT exams, enter and also use their status

27
to login

28
and take the CBT.

The question is decrypted in the question pool before randomly sent to the students

system. They can easily access their results immediately after the exams. The

timing and grading systems are automatic.

There is another module that take care of students complains and correction

checking. Data that can be read and understood without any special measures is

called plaintext or clear text. The method of disguising plaintext in such a way as

to hide its substances is called encryption.

3.4.1 Merit of the Proposed System

i. Reduction of madness of breaches of examination security.

ii. Instant feedback to students

iii. Ability to track and display the time remaining on the examination

iv. No cost for printing and data entry

v. It reduces paper

vi. Automated analysis of results of entire candidates

vii. Computer based Testing (CBT) has emerged as one of the recent innovative

approaches to assessments by Examination Bodies.

viii. Skills needed to act efficiently in technology rich environments can only be

accessed through CBT.

29
 3.4.2 Demerit of the Proposed System

i. Not all students can use the computer very well

ii. The costs to set up an electronic assessment system can cost thousands

iii. Due to power failure the computer may not work.

iv. Complexity of software.

v. System malfunctioning occasioned by bad hard drive

3.5 System Design

System design is concerned with the specification of the algorithm that implements

the function and the actual inter connection among functions and data structure.

A function is designed in terms of their input and output at each level of the hierarchy.

While describing a function, emphasis is on the descriptions of what is done rather

that how it was done.

3.6 System Modeling

Unified Modeling Language (UML) was employed to model the behavioral attributes

and the functional components and modules of the application. Use case diagrams,

flow chart diagrams and Activity diagrams were used to represent the functional

requirements, structure and behavioral pattern of the information system.

30
3.6.1 Use Case Diagrams

Use case diagram is employed here to specify the functionality of the Application;

it was used to illustrate the way the system and it users will interact to achieve its

objective.

LOGIN

SUBJECT
LISTING

CBT

QUESTION

Student

SUBMIT/
LOGOUT

Fig. 3.1: Student Use case Diagram

31
 LOGIN

MANAGE
SUBJECT

MANAGE
QUESTIONS

MANAGE

Staff/Admin

MANAGE
REPORT

LOGOUT

Fig. 3.2: Staff/Admin Use case Diagram

32
3.7 Database Design

The design is made to accommodate, database design, representation, character

type, field size and decimal where necessary. The operational data base is designed

below using Microsoft Access.

Table 1: Student Registration Table

FIELD FIELD TYPE FIELD SIZE

STUDENT ID TEXT 20

LAST NAME TEXT 50

FIRST NAME TEXT 50

MIDDLE INITIAL TEXT 1

DETAILS TEXT 50

DATA REGISTER DATE/TIME 15

YEARLEVEL TEXT 50

CLASS TEXT 50

COURSE TEXT 20

33
Table 2: User info Table

FIELD DATA TYPE SIZE

USER ID Bigint 20

USERNAME Varchar 50

PASSWORD Varchar 50

Table3: Class info Table

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

CLASS ID Int 20

CLASS NAME Varchar 50

Table 4: Subject Info Table

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

CLASS ID Int 20

CLASS NAME Varchar 50

CLASS REG Int 20

34
Table 5: Question info Table

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

QUESTION ID Int 20

QUESTION Varchar 300

A Varchar 100

B Varchar 100

C Varchar 100

D Varchar 100

CORRECT Varchar 20

3.8 Architectural Design

The propose system presents a 3-tier architecture comprising the presentation tier,

the logic tier and the database tier. The presentation tier offers an interface to the

user; the logic tier serves as the middleware that is responsible for processing the

user’s requests, while the database tier serves as the repository of a pool of

thousands of questions. It also consists of other modules for authentication (using

user Name/Registration Number and Password) and computing results. This is the

architecture used by all the CBT system center visited within Nigeria and it is also

the same architecture that was used even in just little modification. This type of

35
architecture did not give security issues too much attention and impersonation is

very likely.

Administrator

Browser

Teacher
Application Server
Database
(WAMP)
Browser
(MYSQL)
(Explorer)

Student

Browser

(Explorer)

Presentation tier Logic tier Database tier

Fig. 3.3: Architectural Design

3.8.1 Program Flowchart

Program flowchart is the detailed diagram representing the flow to solve a particular
problem of the program.

36
 START

WELCOME
SCREEN

LOGIN SCREEN

INPUT PASSWORD
AND USERNAME

YES

LOGI
NO ERROR MESSAGE
N

DISPLAY MENU

CHOOSE FROM

PERFORM OPERATION

Fig. 3.4: Program Flowchart

STOP
37
3.8.2 System Flowchart

System flowchart is the graphical representation of the flow of data in the system
and represents the work process of the system

Input Data

Input from
the
Result on screen

Control

Unit

Data
Storage

Store Internally

Output (Report)

Fig. 3.5: System Flowchart

38
3.9 Input Design

In this approach, the input mediums are the computer, mouse and the keyboard to

make selections. The word Input refers to the data which the user submits to the

computer. It can be done through the computer keyboard or mouse. But in this

research, the keyboard will be needed more than the mouse for a favorable output.

This is because of the principle of GIGO which states that what you input into the

computer is what you will expect as output.

This input of the new system design is made such that the variables needed are

made in such a way the computer will recognize them.

3.10 Output Design

The term applies to any information produced by an information system, whether

printed or displayed. When analyzing a design, computer output are identified as

specific output that is needed to meet the information requirements, select methods

for presenting information create documents, report or other formats that contain

information produced by the system.

39
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 System Implementation

This covers a detailed documentation of how the system has been developed in a

step-by-step manner. It clearly illustrates the implementation process, describes the

interfaces and features of the entire system. It also covers the components and unit

testing as well as the integration of the system. Software component testing

involves integrating one or more system components functions or features and then

testing this integrated system.

Component testing involves Validation and Verification. Validation is the test

phase which answers the question ‘did we build the right system to ensure that the

end product suits the need of the customers. This phase employed the use of

prototypes, which is a copy of an object, made on a smaller scale than the original.

Prototypes have been used to gather requirements from the users and the prototype

was subjected to tests till a functional system was evolved. Verification phase

answers the question ‘did we build the system right by subjecting the application to

quality control activities throughout its life cycle to ensure that interim deliverables

meet their input specification. The system has been verified to meet input

specifications from users by verifying login details among others. The

40
software has several

41
components, which were integrated and tested for functionality. They include

Home Page, Login Page, Welcome Page, Question Page, etc.

After implementing the codes to meet the specification requirements, the entire

system was tested. The system components that were tested include database,

process, interface, and the server for the system. In testing the database, it was

ensured that the database captures the specified fields according to their respective

attributes, and that the storage and retrieval functions responded properly. All the

tables carrying the bugs reports and projects were easily accessible by the system

administrator. In process testing, the system started and ensured to work acceptably

well, all necessary links working and linking to intended locations. Other features

such as the comments sending from the clients to the admin and vice versa were

tested and ensured that messages sent were meaningful. In interface testing, it was

ensured that there was a link for user who does not really know how to navigate

around the system, and all links were ensured to lead appropriate page providing

enriched user experience.

Almost all of the functions of the application run on the WAMP server, which is

responsible for communicating with web browser. MySQL relational database

server stores the information the application requires and PHP was used as a

middleware.

42
4.2 System Requirements

4.2.1 Hardware Requirements

 Minimum of Duo Core Microprocessor Computer System is required.

 Minimum RAM of 1GB required.

 Mobile Devices such as phones with Internet Access

 MODEM

 Printer (Optional)

 Database Server

 Internet Service Provider (ISP)

4.2.2 Software Requirements

 Operating system - Windows XP and above, Android OS and Mac OS

 Database - MYSQL is used as database as it easy to maintain and retrieve

records by simple queries which are in English language which are easy

to understand and easy to write.

 Development tools and Programming language- HTML is used to

develop web pages with CSS, Java Script for validation and JSP for sever

side scripting.

43
 4.3 System Development

The phases of software development life cycle were followed in a non-linear fashion.

The output of planning phase derived the input for analysis phase which in turn

gave the output for design. The output of the design brought the input for the

implementation phase. The output of implementation phase was also used as input

for the maintenance phase. The maintenance phase determined the need for system

re-engineering and it completed the software development life cycle (SDLC). The

system analysis and design adopted a mix of structured system analysis and design

(SSADM) methodology (Tanner, 2008) and object oriented analysis and design

(OOADM) methodology (Sharma and Sawai, 2011).

4.3.1 System Change Over Plan

This is the process of changing from old information system to the newly designed,

developed and installed system. There are four major methods of system

changeover, namely: Parallel Running Method, Direct Cut-over Method, Pilot

Approach and Phased Approach.

The method which has been chosen for use is very important in system

implementation as it might affect the workability of the system at any time. In the

case of the new system, it is hereby recommended that the parallel changeover

plan should be used. In the parallel approach, both the old and the new

44
systems are

45
operated alongside each other for a number of cycles until the new system has

been proved to be operating reliably and correctly, then the old system will phased

out.

4.3.2 System Testing

After the Information System was fully implemented, a series of test was

conducted to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the various

Functionalities, the usability test was done, and performance testing was also

performed.

[Link] Functionality Testing

Table 4.1: List of Functional Testing cases

ID Test Cases Expected output Actual Output

Student Login Expected to be Was Successful

Logged in

View profiles Expected the Was Successfully

Student Updated

Dashboard to be

updated with new

Update

46
 Questions Display Subject Questions was

questions displayed

Admin Login Successfully Was Successful

Logged In

View Update Update display Successfully

Displayed

Evaluate data and Expected to be Was successful

manage records evaluated with no

and Users hitches

[Link] Usability Testing

The System was easy to use in terms of navigation and performing task as all text

cases made positive statements.

[Link] Compatibility Testing

The system was optimized to adapt into all platforms (e.g. Mobile or Wide Screen

view) for the Members and borrowers/public, while the system admin would need

a computer system for proper view of functionalities and updates to the

information system. The information system is compatible with most web browsers

e.g. Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, UC browsers, Opera, Microsoft Edge and

47
Internet Explorer.

48
4.4 Choice of Programming Language

The development of the prototype hinged on different open source tools for

developing loan management system such as XAMPP for windows and

Dreamweaver; XAMPP caters for web and database server and Dreamweaver

caters for interface design; where necessary other open source tools were also used

during the design phase and the developed system was hosted in other open source

tools.

4.5 Program/Interface Designs

It discusses each of the functionalities performed by different users of the system.

The Computer Based Test (CBT) components are graphically explained.

49
Home Page: This is the first a student and the public sees on they visit the site.

Fig. 4.1: Home Page

50
Welcome Page: This is the page that displays the subjects to be taken and the

student’s info.

Fig. 4.2: Welcome Page

51
Question Page: This page is the test page that displays the subject question one at

a time.

Fig. 4.3: Question Page

52
4.6 Software Testing

Software testing is done to evaluate if the user requirement identified during the

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) have been implemented in an end

software product or prototype. It is normally done throughout out the life cycle of

the software (i.e. during development, at the end of development when it is ready

to be installed in production environment and at the time when it is in use by the

end user). In order to obtain the feedback from users, a testing evaluation form was

issued to a sample of user, a scenario was drawn to facilitate and guide the

performance of some tasks / functionalities on the system, and some evaluation

questions were drawn to evaluate the functionality and usability of the system.

4.6.1 Software Testing Guide (Functional Requirement Testing)

Table 4.2: Software Testing Guide

SN Testing Step Expected outcome Pass/Fail User

Comments

1. Login: To enter into The system allows Pass The

a system click the the user to enter functionality is

login button, from the into the system if OK

login the username,

form click the “Login”.

53
 The login depends on password and to

the role of the user for prompt user to re-

example system enter username and

administrator and password if they are

Student. Then enter not correct.

username and password

and click enter to Login

into a system.

2. Add: In the Computer The details of Pass The

Based Test (CBT) record of the functionality is

System, admin can add project are added in well designed

different types of record a proper database if

as per his/her role. The they are entered in

record to enter ranges right format. After

from goal, purposes, being entered they

output, activities and can be viewed at

theme - just to mention any time.

a few

54
3. Delete: To delete the The system delete Pass The

record from the the record if it is functionality is

database the database done successful well designed

administrator can delete

the row corresponding

to records he / she want

to delete.

4. Search: To search the The system should Pass The

details of the student, return the result of functionality is

click the search button. the search and give good

an alert if the result

not found or there is

error.

5. View Reports: To view The system to Pass The

records from the display the details functionality is

database click view of the project as good

report button, then it specified by the

will open. end-user.

55
The functionality testing involved testing interface pages, codes/commands and the

database. During this test, users tested the interface pages and commands of the

system. System testing involved different strategies for evaluating the functionality

of the system. This testing was first done as unit testing and then as integrated

testing. After all these tests, the software developers were conversant that the

white-box, black-box and grey-box testing were executed professionally.

56
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

This research work was simply about designing and implementing of computer

base test portal (CBT) for secondary school who wishes to conduct exam testing.

This system is a way of improving educational activities and the advantage of a

CBT database have been clearly stated which support they need for an E-exam

system.

In summary, the objective of this study was to eliminate the tedium associated with

the existing manual system as earlier stated in the problem definition in chapter on,

with the provision of a system that is readily available, portable in terms of disk

size and provide portals with ability to make entry into the system if placed on

server.

5.2 Conclusion

The developed system would solve the associated problems with the tradition

methods. With CBT, it is possible to space the period of examination without

compromising quality and integrity of the examination.

The system has the potentials to reduce human interference, impersonation, bribe

57
taking by teachers, invigilators and supervisors, too much paper work and

examination leakages and also reduce the number of invigilators needed for

58
invigilating and drastically reduce examination malpractice as applicants are duly

authenticated online, real time before taking the examination and the result

released immediately after the examination. Especially, security will be more

effective since the system includes an authentication system, picture capture and

data encryption and decryption has been added to the existing design.

However, for the system to be adopted on a large scale, efforts should be

intensified to ascertain it’s disadvantaged on accounts of IT illiteracy, by taking

ICT training to the nooks and crannies of country.

Consequently, more investment is required in the areas of infrastructural human

development.

Candidates screening is now online and real time. The system has tendencies of

increasing computer literacy, online learning and network security awareness. The

result integrity could also be enhanced if the candidates have access to instant

result checking.

If CBT is introduced into other secondary schools, it will go a long way to control

and check examination malpractices and all fraudulent acts associated with the

manual process of writing examination. The popularity of this system has the

possibility of popularizing e-learning and online education. This system was

developed using PHP programming language and MYSQL database

59
5.3 Recommendation

Future research may be fruitful by examining students’ attitudes and psychological

aspects associated with the proposed solution of CBT user’s authentication.

Furthermore, future research may look at the economic issues associated with

implementation of such solution.

 Introduction of other forms of question types such as theory based questions

and diagrammatic question to make the test questions more diverse.

 Enhancement of the security of the system so that students can take

examinations online at a specified time.

 Inclusion of course material so that these can be assessed by the student

online

 Automatic delivering of the students login details to their mobile phones or

email address

60
 REFERENCE

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Universities,
Research Journal Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology;
2(2): 170-175, ISSN: 2040-7467.

Al-Bayati., &Hussein. (2008). the Use of Computer Based Testing

Method for the Conduct of Examinations at the University of Ilorin,
International Journal of Learning & Development, ISSN 2164-4063
(2012);Vol. 2, No. 3.

Allen, & yen. (1979). “Computer base and paper-based Testing for Hearing
Impaired Persons (Mathematics as Case Study)”, 2nd Conference on
Planning & Development of Education and Scientific Research in
the Arab States, page 955-962.

Awosiyan, O. (2010) the Prospects of e-Examination Implementation in

Nigeria. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE2007;
8: Article 10.

Ayo el al. (2007). The Prospects of E-Examination Implementation in

Nigeria, Department of Computer and Information Sciences,
Covenant University, Ota, NIGERIA. Turkish Online Journal of
Distance Education-TOJDE, October 2007. ISSN 1302-6488; Vol 8,
No. 4(10), 125-135.

El emery, & Alsondos. (2006).CCNA Routing and Switching Refresh

[News Blog Post]. Retrieved The Origin of CBT System and E-
assessment examination from
[Link]
/ccna-refresh

Emery & Abu. (2006). Speed and Performance Differences among

Computer-Based and Paper-Pencil Tests. Journal of Educational
Computing Research, 31(1), 51 – 60. .

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Fagbola et al. (2013). Paper-Based Versus Computer-Based Assessment:
Key Factors Associated with the Test Mode Effect. British Journal of
Educational Technology, 33 (5): 593-602. .

Gaytan, A. (2007). Examinations and Learning: An Activity – Theoretical

Analysis of the Relationship between Assessment and Learning.
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He, L. (2008). “A novel web-based educational assessment system with

Bloom’s Taxonomy”, Current Developments in Technology-Assisted
Education. 1861-1865.

Huszti, A. & Petho, A. (2008). “A Secure Electronic Exam System”,

Information on E-learning security. felsőoktatásban. 1-7.

International Test. & Commission (2004). “E-Learning in a Nigerian

Open University”, the International Guidelines on Computer-
Based and Internet-Delivered Testing. National Open University
of Nigeria. 1-11.

Mc, Cormack, & Jones. (1998). Literature Reviews of E-assessment,

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Scheuermann & Pereira. E. (2008). Equivalence of Computer versus Paper-

and-Pencil Academic Testing in An Introductory Psychology Course
(Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University). Dissertation
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Sharma,T. &Sawai. (2011). “E-Learning Management System for

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JB Hotel, Hatyai, Thailand. 1-10.

Schramm .T. (2008), “E-Assessments and E-Exams for Geomantic

Studies”, Department of Geomantic Haven City University
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Tanner, J. (2008). Validity and Credibility of Public Examinations in

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63
 APPENDIX I

INDEX PAGE

64
65
 APPENDIX II

SOURCE CODE

Index Page

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Auchi Polytechnic Secondary - CBE</title>
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>

<body class="bg-light">
<header class="shadow">
<div class="navbarnavbar-expand bg-dark">
<imgsrc="apcbe/images/[Link]" width="60" height="60" alt=""
class="mr-4" />
<span class="h2 text-light font-weight-bold" style="line-height:22px;">
Auchi Polytechnic Secondary, Auchi<br />
<span class="text-warning h5">P.M.B 13, Auchi - Edo State.</span>
</span>
</div>
</header>

66
 <main role="main" class="container-fluid py-5">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-6 m-auto py-5">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header h5 pt-2 pb-1">
<i class="fa fa-user-alt h4"></i> User Login
</div>

<div class="card-body">
<div class="err alert alert-danger mb-2 d-none"></div>

<div class="input-group mb-2">

<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class=" input-group-text">
<i class="fa fa-user-alt"></i>
</span>
</div>
<input type="text" name="usern" id="usern" class="form-control form-control-range"
placeholder="Username" />
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">

<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class=" input-group-text">
<i class="fa fa-key"></i>
</span>

67
</div>
<input type="password" name="passn" id="passn" class="form-control form-control-range"
placeholder="Password" />
</div>

<button type="button" name="btnLogin" id="btnLogin" class="btnbtn-secondary float-right">

<i class="fa fa-lock"></i> Login
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>

<footer class="fixed-bottom border-top bg-secondary p-3 text-center">

<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 text-light">
<span class="float-right">
Designed by: Sulyhamid, Auchi Polytechnic
</span>
&copy; Copyright 2020.
</div>
</footer>
<script type="text/javascript" src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
</body>
</html>

68
Logout page
<?php
session_start();
session_unset();
session_destroy();
header('location:[Link]');
?>

User Panel Page

<?php
include_once('apcbe/conf/[Link]'); if(!
isset($_SESSION['user_username'])){
header('location:[Link]');
}

?>

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title><?php echo $apTitle;?> - CBE</title>
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="apcbe/css/[Link]" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<style type="text/css">
.nav-link:hover{

69
 border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: 1px 0px 4px 5px #000000;
}
</style>
</head>

<body class="bg-light">
<header class="shadow bg-dark">

<div class="navbarnavbar-expand">
<imgsrc="apcbe/<?php echo $apLogo;?>" width="60" alt="" class="mr-4"
/>
<span class="h4 text-light font-weight-bold" style="line-height:22px;">
<?php echo $apTitle;?><br />
<span class="text-warning h6"><?php echo ucwords(strtolower($apAddress));?></span>
</span>

<div class="collapse navbar-collapse position-absolute" style="right:120px;">

<ul class="navbar-nav px-3">
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="settings" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-
haspopup="true" aria-expanded="yes"><?php echo $_SESSION['user_fullname'];?></a>
<div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="settings">
<a class="dropdown-item border-bottom" href="?changepassword">
<i class="fa fa-key"></i> Change Password
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="[Link]"><i class="fa fa-power-off"></i> Logout</a>
</div>

70
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

</header>

<main role="main" class="container-fluid py-5">

<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<?php

if(isset($_REQUEST['changepassword'])){?>
<div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-6 m-auto py-5">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header h5 pt-2 pb-1">
<i class="fa fa-user-alt h4"></i> Password Update
</div>

<div class="card-body">
<div class="err alert alert-danger mb-2 d-none"></div>

<div class="input-group mb-2">

<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class=" input-group-text">
<i class="fa fa-key"></i>
</span>
</div>

71
<input type="password" name="pass_1" id="pass_1" class="form-control form-control-range"
placeholder="Old Password" />
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">

<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class=" input-group-text">
<i class="fa fa-key"></i>
</span>
</div>
<input type="password" name="pass_2" id="pass_2" class="form-control form-control-range"
placeholder="New Password" />
</div>

<div class="input-group mb-3">

<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class=" input-group-text">
<i class="fa fa-key"></i>
</span>
</div>
<input type="password" name="pass_3" id="pass_3" class="form-control form-control-range"
placeholder="Confirm Password" />
</div>

<a href="?home" class="btnbtn-light border-secondary">

<i class="fa fa-times"></i> Cancel
</a>

72
<button type="button" name="btnPassUpdate" id="btnPassUpdate" class="btnbtn-secondary
float-right">
<i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Update
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<?php
}
else{
?>
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 p-0">
<div class="row">
<a href="apcbe/" class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4 nav-link p-2">
<div class="rounded bg-primary text-white text-left shadow p-3">
<div class="m-auto text-center">
<i class="fa fa-users-cog" style="font-size:102px;"></i><br />
</div>

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Main Section<br />

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Test/Exam Section<br />
<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Import/Export Section<br />
<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Tools Section<br />
</div>
</a>

<a href="ant/" class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4 nav-link p-2">

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<div class="rounded bg-primary text-white text-left shadow p-3" >
<div class="m-auto text-center">
<i class="fa fa-cogs" style="font-size:102px;"></i><br /><br />
</div>

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Test/Exam Report<br />

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Test Settings<br /><br />
</div>
</a>

<a href="ant/" class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4 nav-link p-2">

<div class="rounded bg-primary text-white text-left shadow p-3" >
<div class="m-auto text-center">
<i class="fa fa-bars" style="font-size:102px;"></i><br /><br />
</div>

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Register Department<br />

<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Test Reports<br /><br />
</div>
</a>

<a href="ant/" class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4 nav-link p-2">

<div class="rounded bg-primary text-white text-left shadow p-3" >
<div class="m-auto text-center">
<i class="fa fa-indent" style="font-size:102px;"></i><br /><br /><br />
</div>

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<i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> Others<br /><br />
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<?php
}
?>
</div>
</div>
</main>

<footer class="fixed-bottom border-top bg-secondary p-3 text-center">

<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 text-light">
<span class="float-right">
User: <?php echo $_SESSION['user_role'];?>
</span>
&copy; Copyright 2018. MIS, Auchi Polytechnic
</div>
</footer>
<script src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
<script src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
<script src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
<!--<script src="../apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>-->
<script src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>

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<script type="text/javascript" src="apcbe/js/[Link]"></script>
</body>
</html>

Verify Login Page

<?php
require_once('apcbe/conf/[Link]');

$usern=str_replace('~','&',$_POST['usern']);
$passn=md5(str_replace('~','&',$_POST['passn']));

$sql=$cons->query("SELECT * FROM ".$tab13." WHERE user_username='".$usern."'

AND user_password='".$passn."'");
if(!$sql){
echo $cons->error;
}
else{
$row=$sql->fetch_assoc();
if($sql->num_rows == 0){
echo 'Incorrect Username or Password!';
}
else{

$_SESSION['user_username']=$usern;
$_SESSION['user_fullname']=$row['fullname'];
$_SESSION['user_staffid']=$row['staff_id'];
$_SESSION['user_role']=$row['role'];

echo 'success';

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 }
}
?>

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