GROUP 7
MODULE VI: HVAC SYSTEMS
MEMBERS:
BEG-UAS, JAYNEE PEARL
ESCAÑO, ALIAH GWYNETH B.
FERNANDEZ, CRISTINE
MARIANO, KARL OLSEN
INSTRUCTOR: AR. JOEVAN RONA
Introduction
HVAC stands for Heating,
Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning.
It is a system that keeps
indoor spaces
comfortable and safe by ⚙️ Main Functions of HVAC
1. Heating – keeps people warm during cold weather.
controlling temperature, 2. Ventilation – moves fresh air in and dirty air out.
air quality, and humidity. 3. Air Conditioning – cools the space during hot weather.
THEORY OF
HEAT
Heat is a form of energy that moves from a hot object to
a cold one.
In buildings, heat can enter or leave through walls,
windows, and roofs.
HVAC systems manage this heat to keep rooms cool or
warm.
Why is this important in buildings?
Heat affects how warm or cool a room feels.
HVAC systems are designed to add heat (heating) or
remove heat (cooling) depending on the temperature.
🌡️ Heat vs Temperature 💡 Why does this matter in HVAC?
• Heat = energy in motion. Understanding how heat moves helps
• Temperature = how hot engineers:
or cold something is.
Design systems to keep warmth in
during cold seasons.
Remove excess heat during hot
seasons.
Choose the right insulation
materials and ventilation designs.
Definition of Terms
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
- The technology for indoor environmental comfort.
Air Handler
- The indoor unit that moves heated or cooled air through the ductwork.
Condensing Unit
- Outdoor component of an AC system that releases heat from refrigerant to outside air.
Heat Pump
- A system that can both heat and cool by transferring heat between indoors and outdoors.
Compressor
- The "heart" of the system that pumps refrigerant between indoor and outdoor coils.
Condenser Coil
- Coil where hot refrigerant vapor releases heat and condenses into liquid.
Evaporator Coil
- Indoor coil where refrigerant absorbs heat to cool or heat the air.
Thermostat
- Device that controls the HVAC system to maintain desired temperature.
Definition of Terms
Damper
- Movable plate in ductwork that regulates or redirects airflow.
Heat Exchanger
- Component in furnaces that transfers heat to air circulated in the home.
Humidifier
- Device that adds moisture to indoor air to maintain comfortable humidity levels.
Humidistat
- Controls humidifier by sensing and adjusting indoor humidity automatically.
AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)
- Measures furnace heating efficiency.
Accumulator
- Reservoir that stores excess refrigerant vapor to protect the compressor.
Variable Air Volume (VAV)
- HVAC system that varies airflow to maintain temperature, improving energy efficiency.
Zoning System
- HVAC system that controls temperature in different areas independently using dampers.
Sustainability in Construction
Using insulation,
energy-efficient
windows, and HVAC
systems
Minimizing construction
waste, recycling, and
reusing materials.
Using low-carbon
materials and optimizing
construction processes
Air-conditioning systems,
Types, Compnents and
Application
Types Of Air-
Conditioning
System
Types Of Air-Conditioning System
Central Air Conditioning
Involves a single outdoor unit connected to an indoor unit via refrigerant
lines and ductwork, distributing conditioned air throughout the building via
ducts and vents, providing even cooling and dehumidification but requiring
professional installation.
Window Air Conditioners
These compact, self-contained units are designed for single-room cooling
and are installed directly into a window. They are affordable and easy to
install but are generally less energy-efficient and noisier than other
options.
These are often used to supplement cooling in one room that needs an
additional boost or as an entire home cooling solution when you do not
have ductwork. While it’s not uncommon to spot a window AC in your
neighbourhood, the cons often outweigh the pros regarding comfort and
cost-effective operation.
Types Of Air-Conditioning System
Portable Air Conditioners
A portable air conditioner is a cooling system that is a standalone piece of
equipment; the portable unit sits indoors and provides conditioned air to
that space or room. To properly exhaust warm air, a portable air conditioner
must be vented outside your home, usually through a window.
These freestanding units are easily movable between rooms and vent hot air
externally via a hose. Their portability is convenient, but they tend to be less
efficient and may require more frequent maintenance.
Ductless Mini-Splits
These systems consist of an outdoor unit and one or more indoor units
(wall, ceiling, or floor-mounted) connected by refrigerant lines but without
ductwork. They offer excellent zone control and energy efficiency, making
them ideal for homes without existing ductwork or for targeted cooling in
specific areas.
Ductless air conditioner systems use the same process to cool your home
as a typical central air conditioning system. However, while central air
conditioning uses one centrally located indoor unit that delivers cool air to
the entire home through a series of ducts and vents, a ductless indoor unit
blows cooled air directly into one living space.
Types Of Air-Conditioning System
Packaged Air Conditioners
These units combine all components in a single cabinet, typically installed
outdoors. They are suitable for smaller buildings or spaces where ductwork
is impractical.
Typically, packaged systems are installed outdoors at ground level. In certain
instances they may also be installed on the roof for horizontal or down-flow
designs.
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal air conditioning uses the Earth’s regulated temperature by
using a ground-source heat pump to condition your home. This cooling
and heating system is a more popular consideration for those looking to
build a home, as it is expensive and intrusive to your property.
These systems utilize the Earth's stable temperature for both heating and
cooling, offering exceptional energy efficiency. However, they involve a
higher initial investment and require specialized installation.
Components of
Air-conditioning
system
Components of Air-conditioning system
Evaporator
Has one of the more cyclic, complex functions that keep your air
conditioner going. Inside the evaporator coils is refrigerant. Through the
process of heat transfer, the refrigerant captures heat from the air and is
then pumped to the condenser coils, where the heat is released. Back
inside, the air (now cooler from the heat being removed) continues through
the AC system.
Air filter
One of the AC components is located in the indoor unit. It cleans the air
suctioned into the air conditioner unit. If there isn't any filter, dust and
contamination can rapidly sit on the AC components, especially the internal
unit coil fins. So, the AC productivity decreases.
Components of Air-conditioning system
Compressor
Refrigerant liquid turns into vapour after absorbing heat in the evapourator.
This vapour passes through one of the most important AC components,
which is the compressor, and heats up. Now it's ready to lose its heat. In fact,
the compressor compresses the refrigerant, as its name indicates, and turns
it into a high-pressure gas, sending it into condenser coils.
Condenser
The condenser coils are where the refrigerant releases heat outside the
home. This component works to cool down any high-pressure gas and turns
it into a liquid, getting it ready for your air conditioner’s evaporator.
Components of Air-conditioning system
Fan
Both indoor and outdoor units have this AC component. Their duty in both
units is moving the air and flowing it over the evaporator and condenser fins
to increase the speed of heat exchange between the coils and the air.
Indoor Unit Fan
The hot air of the house's indoor environment is led towards the evaporator
with the help of a fan. The air loses its heat there and flows back to the room.
Outdoor Unit Fan
The temperature of the condenser increases because of the hot refrigerant
entering it. So, the fan's duty is moving the air to send this heat from
condenser coils to the outdoor environment. Then the refrigerant cools
down and is condensed.
Applications of Air
Conditioning
Residential Commercial Industrial
Maintaining comfortable Providing comfortable
Controlling temperatures in
environments in offices,
living conditions in homes. factories, warehouses, and
retail spaces, and
data centers where precise
restaurants.
temperature control is crucial.
References:
Bradgivens. (2025, April 23). 9 Different types of air conditioners: Choosing the best AC for your home. Logan Services a/C,
Heat & Plumbing. https://www.logan-inc.com/blog/different-types-of-ac-systems-guide/
Air conditioning System | AHRI. (n.d.).
https://www.ahrinet.org/scholarships-education/education/homeowners/how-things- work/air-conditioning-system
Oneryno. (2024, April 12). 6 basic air conditioning components you should know. Robert B. Payne Heating & Air.
https://www.robertbpayne.com/blog/6-basic-air-conditioning-components-you-should-know/
Maliglig, L. (n.d.). Applications of air conditioning. Scribd.
https://www.scribd.com/document/428021923/Applications-of-Air-Conditioning
HVAC glossary. Amana. (n.d.).
https://www.amana-hac.com/resources/hvac-facts/hvac-terms?
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