Nursing Research MCQ

1. What is the primary goal of quantitative research design?

a) To explore subjective experiences
b) To describe phenomena in great detail
c) To establish cause-and-effect relationships
d) To analyze historical events
Answer: C

2. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research design?

a) Grounded theory
b) Ethnography
c) Experimental design
d) Phenomenology
Answer: C

3. What is a key characteristic of a cross-sectional study design?

a) Longitudinal data collection
b) Random assignment of participants
c) In-depth interviews with participants
d) Data collected at a single point in time
Answer: D

4.What is the purpose of random sampling in quantitative research design?

a) To ensure equal representation of all population groups
b) To select participants who are most likely to provide accurate responses
c) To reduce bias and increase the generalizability of the findings
d) To simplify the data collection process
Answer: C

5.Which of the following is a limitation of experimental research design?

a) It allows for causal inferences to be drawn
b) It may lack external validity or generalizability
c) It is time-consuming and expensive
d) It relies heavily on qualitative data analysis
Answer: B

6.What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research design?

a) To provide a comparison against which the experimental group is evaluated
b) To eliminate the need for randomization
c) To ensure that the research design is cross-sectional
d) To collect qualitative data through interviews
Answer: A

7.Which of the following statistical techniques is commonly used for hypothesis testing in
quantitative research?
a) Content analysis
b) Factor analysis
c) Chi-square test
d) Grounded theory
Answer:C

8.Which type of research design focuses on exploring the relationship between variables
without manipulating them?
a) Experimental design
b) Correlational design
c) Quasi-experimental design
d) Longitudinal design
Answer: B

9.What is the purpose of a pilot study in quantitative research design?

a) To ensure the research design is cross-sectional
b) To recruit a large sample of participants
c) To test the feasibility of the research design and make necessary adjustments
d) To conduct a comprehensive literature review
Answer: C

10.Which of the following is an example of a quantitative data collection method?

a) Focus groups
b) Observations
c) Interviews
d) Surveys
Answer: D

11.A Formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain
information about the world. “This statement best describe which of the following term?
A. Quantitative research
B. Grounded theory
C. Ethnographic
D.Historical research
Key: A
12.Which of the following is type of survey may be purely used to assess the burden of a
particular disease in defined population?
A. Cross sectional survey
B. Case-Control survey
C. Cohort Survey
D. Interventional survey
Key : A
13.The study that explores how people defined reality and how their beliefs are related to
their actions?
a. Ethnographic study
b. Experimental study
c. Correlational study
d. Observational study
Key: A
14.The studies which focus on involve the collection and analysis of data about cultural
groups?
a. Ethnographic studies
b. Experimental studies
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Longitudinal studies
Key: A
15.An excellent method for understanding the processes through which patients learn to
manage new or chronic health problems.
a. Phenomenology
b. Grounded theory
c. Qualitative research
d. Quantitative research
Key C
16.Which term best describe the term objective?
a. A hypothesis
b. A research question
c. A methodology
d. A goal or purpose
Key: D
17.Which statement best describe the term research statement?
a) Concise summary of the research findings
b) A hypothesis to be tested in the research
c) A detailed plan outlining the research methodology
d) A comprehensive explanation of the research goals and objectives
key: D
18.Which provide the theoretical meaning of a variable and it’s often derived from a
theorist’s definition of related concepts?
a. Conceptual definition
b. Operational definition
c. Null hypothesis
d. Research question
key : B

19.Which of the following study, general deals in numbers, logic and the objective of the
study?
a. Qualitative study
b. Quantitative study
c. Descriptive study
d. Experimental study
Key: B
20. In which study, the investigator selects a group of exposed individuals and a group of
non-exposed individuals and follow up both groups to compare the incidence of disease?
a. Case- control study
b. Cross-sectional
c. Cohort Study
d. Experimental study
Key : C
21.In which study , the researcher can determine that what proportion of cases was exposed
and what proportions were not :
a. Case-control study
b. Cross-sectional study
c. Cohort Study
d. Experimental study
Key: A
22.In cohort study, outcome event of interest occur after the study is initiated and focus in
future, which one of the following type is best described this statement?
a. Case-control study
b. Cross-sectional study
c. Prospective cohort study
d. Retrospective cohort study
Ans: C

23.A set of “representative” object we choose in order to estimate the characteristics of

large set of objectives is called?
a. Sample
b. Population
c. Hypothesis
d. Variable
Key: A
24.A large set of objectives we wish to study is called?
a. Sample
b. Population
c. Methodology
d. Inclusion Criteria
Key: B
25.Which one of the following sampling technique has element in the sample has a known
and equal probability selection?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Stratified sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Convenience sampling
Key: A
26.The process of selecting a sample that allows identified subgroup in the defined
population to be represented in the same proportion that they exist in the population :
a. Simple random sampling
b. Stratified sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Convenience sampling
Key: B
27.The process of randomly selecting intact groups, not individuals, within the defined
population sharing similar characteristics is?
a. Simple random sampling
b. Stratified sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Convenience sampling
key : C
28.Which sample technique involves the conscious selection by the researcher of certain
subjects or elements to include in the study?
a. Simple random
b. Stratified sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Purposive sampling
Key: D
29.In which phase of critique, an individual has to look at the plan of statistical test of a
particular research study?
a. Introduction phase
b. Methodology
c. Result phase
d. Discussion phase
Key: B
30.Which of the following quantitative research method consider most powerful research
method?
a. Experimental research
b. Observational research
c. Correlational research
d. Survey research
Key: A
31.The phase of research critique which requires knowledge of what each step of the
research process should be like and then the ideal is compared to the real is :
a. Analytical phase
b. Introduction phase
c. Result phase
d. Methods phase
Key: D
32.The research usually made his/her study’s recommendation and limitation after which
of the following chapter?
a. Introduction chapter
b. Method chapter
c. Results chapter
d. Discussion chapter
Key:D
33.In which type of research, the quality of informant is more important than sample size?
a. Survey method
b. Experimental method
c. Qualitative method
d. Quantitative method
Key: D
34.What is the purpose of control group in outcome research?
a. To provide base line
b. To eliminate bias in data collection
c. To ensure random assignment of participants
d. To increase generalizability of findings
Key: A
35.Which moves from general to specific?
a. Inductive reasoning
b. Deductive reasoning
c. Qualitative reasoning
d. Quantitative reasoning
Key: B
36.What is the purpose of synthesis in literature review?
a. To summarize the main findings
b. To identify the limitations and gaps
c. To critically analyze and evaluate the quality of the studies
d. To analyze and interpret literature
Key: D
37.Why literature review is important?
a. To provides data for research study
b. To show case the authors knowledge on a topic
 c. To provide summary of existing research
d. To generate new research question
Key: A
38.Critical assessment of current state of knowledge on topic?
a. Introduction
b. Literature review
c. Methodology
d. Discussion
Key: B
39.What is difference between research problem and research question?
a) A research problem is broader in scope, while a research question is specific and focused.
b) A research problem is formulated at the beginning of a study, while a research question is
developed during data collection.
c) A research problem is qualitative in nature, while a research question is quantitative.
d) A research problem refers to the overall goal of a study, while a research question refers to
specific inquiries to be addressed.
Key: A
40.The type of research, which deals with basic or essential nature of person, group, or
phenomenon, is known as?
a. Descriptive research
b. Experimental research
c. Exploratory research
d. Correlational research
Key: C
41.Research studies are classified as descriptive , even if they may describe relationships
and associations and explore and describe a given phenomenon is :
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Observational study
d. Exploratory study
Key: D
42.Which of the following research method involves the systematic investigation
relationships between or among two or more variable?
 a. Correlational research
b. Experimental research
c. Descriptive research
d. Qausi-experimental research
Key: A
43.The manipulation of an independent variable that is, an intervention but lacks
randomization is?
a. Case-control study
b. Cohort study
c. Randomized control trials
d. Quasi-experimental study
Key: D
44.Study where people are allocated randomly to receiving a particular intervention or not
(this could be two different treatments or one treatment and a placebo).
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Case control study
c. Cohort study
d. Randomized control trials
Key: D
45.It examines, outcomes in different groups of individuals at the same point in time is
described by which one of the following design?
a. Cross-sectional study
b. Case-control study
c. Randomized control trials
d. Quasi-experimental study
Key: A
46.The study that explores how people define reality and how their actions beliefs are
related to their actions?
a. Phenomenology
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded theory
d. Case study
Key: C
47.The term best describe the term research question?
a. Promotes theory testing
 b. Address current issues
c. Concise interrogative statement
d. Purpose is based on knowledge
Ans: C
48.Which provides, the theoretical meaning of the variable and is often derived from a
theorist’s definition of a related concepts?
a. Conceptual definition
b. Operational definition
c. Variable definition
d. Hypothesis definition
Key: A
49.The reflective process that allows for inquiry and discussion as components of the
research is :
a. Multidisciplinary research
b. Ethnography
c. Nursing research
d. Action research
Key: D

50.The approach of research that relate or making use of several disciplines at once is
called?
a. Multidisciplinary research
b. Ethnography
c. Nursing research
d. Action research
Key: A
51.Which of the following best describe the term action research?
a. A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A research initiated to solve real world problem
d. A research with no any purpose
Key C
52.Which of the following best describe the term independent variable?
a. Treatment or experiment variable
 b. Outcome variable
c. Demographic variable
d. Dependent variable
Key: A
53.Following are some common examples of demographic variable, which one is non-
demographic variable?
a. Ethnic origin(race )
b. Climate
c. Job classification
d. Medical diagnosis
Key : B
54.A narrowly focused synthesis of the finding from quantitative studies focused on a
particular practice invention or problem is called?
a. Meta-analysis of literature
b. Systematic review
c. Methodology
d. Introductory phase
Key: B

55.“Some nurses have used the medical model to guide their nursing practice, thus focusing
on the diagnosis and treatment of disease.” this example best describes, which of the
following?
a. Tradition
b. Authority
c. Borrowing
d. Trial and error
Key: C
56.The process of synthesizing, disseminating, and using research generating knowledge to
make an impact or change in existing practices in society is known as?
a. Research utilization
b. Qualitative analysis
c. Evidence research
d. Action research
Key: A
57.Which one of the following stage of evidence practice, an individual develops a favorable
or unfavorable attitude towards the change or innovation?
a. Persuasion stage
b. Decision stage
c. Implementation stage
d. Confirmation stage
Key: A
58.In which of the following stage , nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the change in
practice and decides to either continue or discontinue it :
a. Persuasion stage
b. Decision stage
c. Implementation stage
d. Confirmation stage
Key: D
59.The conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and
patient values and needs in the delivery of the quality is known as?
a. Evidence based practice
b. Qualitative analysis
c. Evidence research
d. Action research
Key: A
60.To complete examination of the study to judge its strengths , weakness , logic links ,
meanings and significance is called :
a. Research critique
b. Research question
c. Scientific method
d. Research practice
Key: A
61.In a literature review, the source that is written by a person other than an individual
who developed the theory, known as?
a. Primary source
b. Secondary source
c. Tertiary source
d. Scholarly source
Key B
62. An integration set of defined concepts and statements that present a view of
phenomenon and can be used to describe , predict , and/or control phenomenon is known
as :
a. Theory
b. Hypothesis
c. Experiment
d. Data analysis
Key: A
63.In research, which component provide a rational for predictions about the relationship
among variables of the study?
a. A. research question
b. Literature review
c. Hypothesis
d. Data analysis
Key: C
64.Which approach is used to evaluate and modify the existing theory by testing
predictions about the relationships between observed phenomenon is?
a. Deductive approach
b. Inductive approach
c. Qualitative approach
d. Quantitative approach
Key: A

65.Abstract generalization that offers a systematic explanation about how phenomenon is

related. This statement is related to?
A. Theories
B. Models
C. Framework
D. Schemes
Key: A
66.Which one of the following is deals with abstraction [concepts] that are assembled by
virtue of their relevance to a common theme?
a. Theories
b. Models
c. Framework
d. Schemes
 Key: A
67.The overall conceptual underpinnings of the study is best described in which of the
following area?
a. Theories
b. Models
c. Framework
d. Schemes
Key: C
68.Questions of moral and ethical nature, although provocative cannot be researched, there
is no right and wrong answers to this question, only point of view is?
a. Statement of purpose
b. Feasibility
c. Significance
d. Research ability
Key: D
69.In quantitative study identifies the key variables and their possible interrelationships as
well as the population is?
a. Statement of purpose
b. Feasibility
c. Significance
d. Research ability
Key: A

70.“Elderly patients risk of developing pressure ulcers is significantly related to their level
of mobility and the type of support surface [bed] on which they are placed “this statement
is?
a. Description
b. Explanation
c. Prediction
d. Construct of nursing
Key A
71.Which one sampling is considered as a poor approach, because it provides a little
opportunity to control bias?
a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling
 c. Simple random sampling
d. Stratified sampling
Key: A
72.Duty to avoid, prevent or minimize harm. This statement is best related to which one of
the following?

a. Beneficence
b. Justice
c. Vulnerable prevention
d. Non-maleficence
Key: D

73.Declaration of Helenski for ethical and regulatory biases for human subjects research
protection found in?
a. 1944
b. 1964
c. 1966
d. 1968
Key B
74.Ethical point of view is very important part of research, before participation in any
study, the participants must sign the?
a. Competency
b. Vulnerability participation
c. Verbal consent
d. Written informed consent
Key; D
75.A nurse is conducting a research and she must use simple, clear language and ensuring
the participants understand. This part of which one of the following parts?
a. Competency
b. Informed consent
c. Vulnerability participation
d. Knowledge
Key: B
76.Produce benefits for society as a whole for the advancement of knowledge [usually the
primary benefit] is related to which one of the following principal?
a. Beneficence
 b. Justice
c. Vulnerability participation
d. Non-maleficence
Key: A
77.Which document differentiated therapeutic research from non-therapeutic research?
a. Helsinki declaration
b. Belmont report
c. Numberg code
d. Declaration of Geneva
Key: B
78.The term refers to plan, structure, and strategy of research – the blue print that will
guide the research process is called?
a. Research problem
b. Research hypothesis
c. Research plan
d. Research design
Key: D
79.Which one research design is a means for testing objective theories by examining the
relationship among variable?
a. Experimental design
b. Descriptive design
c. Correlational design
d. Case study design
Key: C
80.Refers to the plan strategy of research ,the blue print that will guide the researcher is :

a. Evidence based Practice

b. Research design
c. Logical reasoning
d. Research process
Key B
81.Evaluate, make a judgment what is the value of the article? this is best described by :
a. Critical
b. Analysis
c. Assessment
d. Synthesis
Key: C
82.Citizens of democratic societies typically accept without proof, that democracy is the
best form of government, it is the best example of which of the following source?
a. Authority
b. Tradition
c. Clinical experience
d. Trail
Key: B
83.Identifying the attributes of nursing phenomenon and sometimes the relationship among
these phenomenon this statement best describes which of the following?
a. Description
b. Explanation
c. Prediction
d. Control of nursing
Key: A
84.The systemic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of
importance to the nursing profession is called?
a. Qualitative research
b. Applied research
c. Nursing research
d. Descriptive research
Key: C
85. Which of the following is a key characteristic of nursing research?
A. It focuses on improving nursing practice
B. It primarily involves laboratory experiments
C. It is limited to a specific patient population
D. It has no relevance to the clinical setting
Key: A
86.Which moves from general to specific method?
A. Deductive method
B. inductive method
C. Historical method
D. Phenomenology
Key. B
87.What is the purpose of a literature review in nursing research?
A. To identify a research question
B. To summarize existing research on a topic
C. To collect data for a study
D. To analyze study results
Key. B
88. What is a hypothesis in nursing research?
A. A tentative explanation for a phenomenon
B. A summary of research findings
C. A list of research participants
D. A research method
Key: A
89. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research in nursing?
a. Qualitative research uses numerical data, while quantitative research uses descriptive data
b. Qualitative research focuses on subjective experiences, while quantitative research focuses on
objective measurements
c. Qualitative research is only conducted in laboratory settings, while quantitative research is
only conducted in clinical settings
d. There is no difference between qualitative and quantitative research in nursing
Key: B
90.Which of the following is an example of a research question in nursing?
A. How many patients receive a certain medication in a hospital setting?
B. What is the best treatment for a specific medical condition?
C. What is the average age of nurses in a particular hospital?
D. What is the most common reason for patient readmissions?
Key: B
91.What is the purpose of informed consent in nursing research?
A. To ensure that research participants are paid for their participation
B. To protect research participants from harm
C. To allow researchers to manipulate data
D. To ensure that research results are published in academic journals
Key: B
92.What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in nursing research?
A. To select research participants
B. To collect data for a study
C. To analyze study results
D. To protect the rights and welfare of research participants
Key: D
93. What is the importance of reliability and validity in nursing research?
A. To ensure that the results of a study are generalizable to the larger population
B. To ensure that the study is conducted ethically
C. To ensure that the study results are accurate and consistent
D. To ensure that the study is relevant to nursing practice
Key: C

94. What is the difference between a sample and a population in nursing research?
A. A sample is a small subset of the larger population being studied
B. A population is a small subset of the larger sample being studied
C. A sample and a population are the same thing
D. Neither a sample nor a population is relevant in nursing research
Key: A
95. What is the first step of scientific method?
A. Knowledge
B. observation
C. Hypothesis
Experiment
Key: C
96. What is the main objective of outcome research?
A) To measure the effectiveness of a program or treatment
B) To generate new theories
C) To conduct meta-analyses
D) To test theories
key: A
97.Which of the following statistical methods is commonly used in outcome research?
A.Descriptive
B. Variance
C. Regression Analysis
D.Standered Deviation
Key. C
98.Which of the following is an example of a long-term outcome measure?
A) Pain intensity
B) Quality of life
C) Blood pressure
D) None of the above
Key: B
99.Which of the following is an ethical consideration in outcome research?
A) Applying pre-and post -treatment
B) Confidentiality
C) Analyzing the results
D) Dividing the sample in different groups
Key: B
101. Which of the following is a potential benefit of outcome research?
A) Welfare of the research participants
B) Reduced healthcare costs
C) Informed consent
D) Debriefing
Key: B
102.Which of the following is an example of a long-term outcome measure?
A) Pain intensity
B) Quality of life
C) Blood pressure
D. Reduce research expenses
Key: B
103. What is the purpose of a control group in outcome research?
A. To provide a baseline for comparison and to eliminate extraneous variables
B. To reduce the placebo effect
C. To make valid results for generalization of the study
D. To develop a valid research question
Key: A
104. Which of the following is an example of a primary outcome measure?
A) Length of hospital stay
B) Adverse events
C) Cost of treatment
D. Adverse reaction
Key: A
105.Which of the following is an example of a continuous outcome measure?
a. Treating the Cause
b. Providing adequate treatment dose
c. Weight
d. Number of research participants in a single group
key.C
106.Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous outcome measure?
a. Blood pressure
b. Height
c. Gender
d. Weight
Key. C
107. The research process can be compared to which of the following?
A. A train timetable
B.The Spine of a skeleton
 C.The Problem solving process
D. Nursing Theories
Key .B
108.What is a research problem?
A. A statement that describes the research project
B. A question that guides the research project
C .A hypothesis that is tested during the research project
D. A summary of the findings from the research project
Key. B

109. What is the purpose of a research project?

A.To gather data
B. To answer a research question
C. To develop a hypothesis
D. To write a report
Key .B
110. Every research project should make a contribution:
A. To the researcher’s development
B. Financially
C. Knowledge
D. In term of methodology
Key .C
111. What is the significance of a research project?
A. It provides new knowledge or insights on a particular topic
B. It demonstrates the researcher's expertise
C. It is required to obtain a degree
D. It is used to obtain funding for future projects
Key .A
112.Why is it important to identify a research problem?
A. It helps to provide direction and focus for the research project
B.It is required by funding agencies
C. It is necessary for obtaining ethical approval
D. It is a legal requirement for conducting research
Key. A
113.What are some characteristics of a good research problem?
A.It is clear, concise, and specific
B. It is too broad and general
C. It is not relevant to the research field
D. It is too easy to answer
Key. A
114.What is the relationship between the research problem and research question(s)?
A. The research problem is the same as the research question(s)
B.The research problem guides the development of the research question(s)
C. The research question(s) have no relationship to the research problem
D. The research question(s) are developed before the research problem
Key.B
115..How should a research problem be formulated?
A. As a general topic area
B. As a broad question
C. As a specific question or statement
D.As a hypothesis to be tested
Key. C
116.What is the scope of a research project?
A.The size of the research team B
B.The number of participants in the study
C) The timeframe and resources available for the project
D. The theoretical framework guiding the study
Key.C
117. What is the purpose of a literature review?
A. To provide an overview of previous research on a particular topic
B. To present a new research study
C. To argue a specific point of view
D. To analyze study results based on personal point of view
Key: A
118. What is the difference between a systematic review and a narrative review?
A. A systematic review includes a meta-analysis while a narrative review does not
B. A systematic review includes a critical appraisal of the studies while a narrative review does
not
C. A systematic review focuses on a specific research question while a narrative review provides
a general overview of the literature
D. A systematic review is conducted by a single author while a narrative review is typically
conducted by a team of authors
Key: B
119. What is the first step in conducting a literature review?
A. Defining the research question
B. Searching for relevant articles
C. Evaluating the quality of the articles
D. Summarizing the articles
Key: A
120.What is the purpose of a synthesis in a literature review?
A. To provide a summary of the literature
B. To analyze and interpret the literature
C. To critique the literature
D. To Study the cause of error
Key: B
121.What is a meta-analysis?
A. A method of synthesizing qualitative data
B. A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies
C. A method of conducting a systematic review
D. A type of literature review that focuses on a specific research question
key: B
122.What is the main advantage of using a meta-analysis in a literature review?
A. It provides a comprehensive overview of the literature
B. It allows for a quantitative analysis of the results
C. It can be conducted quickly and easily
D. It eliminates the need for a critical appraisal of the studies
Key: B
123.What is the difference between a literature review and an annotated bibliography?
A. An annotated bibliography provides a summary of the articles while a literature review
analyzes and synthesizes the articles
B. An annotated bibliography includes only primary sources while a literature review includes
both primary and secondary sources
C. An annotated bibliography is shorter than a literature review
D. There is no any difference in literature review and annotated bibliography
key: A

124.What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in a literature review?

A. To provide a summary of the literature
B. To guide the analysis and synthesis of the literature
C. To critique the literature
D. To Study the research design
key: B
125.What is the main goal of a literature review?
A. To provide an overview of previous research on a particular topic
B. To present a new research study
C. To argue a specific point of view
D. To provide a critical analysis and synthesis of the literature on a particular topic
key: D
126.What is data collection?
a. The process of collecting and storing data
b. The process of analyzing data
c. The process of selecting data to analyze
d. None of the above
Key.A
127. What is a sampling frame?
a. A list of all the individuals in a population
b. A random sample of individuals in a population
c. A list of all the data collected in a study
d. A Number of Sample Design

Key. A

128. What is a biased sample?

a. A sample that accurately represents the population
b. A sample that does not accurately represent the population
c. A sample that includes too much data
d. A sample collected randomly
Key. B

129. What is a population?

a. The group of individuals from which a sample is drawn
b. The group of individuals who are surveyed in a study
c. The group of individuals who participate in a study
d. The Group of individuals in a specific study design

Key .A

130. What is a variable?

a. A factor that can be measured or manipulated in a study
b. A statistic that summarizes data
c. A qualitative characteristic of a study
d. A Quantitative measure of the study

Key. A

131. What is a dependent variable?

a. A variable that is manipulated in a study
b. A variable that is affected by changes in the independent variable
c. A variable that is not relevant to the study
d. A variable that is controlled in the study

Key .B
132.What is a categorical variable?
a. A variable that can be measured on a continuous scale
b. A variable that can be placed into distinct categories
c. A variable that cannot be measured
d. A Variable that has no characteristic
Key .B

133. What is a continuous variable?

a. A variable that can be placed into distinct categories
b. A variable that can be measured on a continuous scale
c. A variable that cannot be measured
d. A variable that is measured separately
Key. B

134.What is the mode?

a. The most frequent value in a data set
b. The middle value in a data set
c. The average value in a data set
d. The bias in data set
Key. A

135.What is the median?

a. The most frequent value in a data set
b. The middle value in a data set
c. The average value in a data set
d. The All numbers in data set
Key. B

136.What is the mean?

a. The most frequent value in a data set
b. The middle value in a data set
c. The average value in a data set
d. The New numbers added in data set
Key. C

137.What is a standard deviation?

a. A measure of how much the data values vary from the mean
b. A measure of the most common value in a data set
c. A measure of how much the data values vary from the median
d. A measure taken during the statistical analysis
Key. A

138. What is the primary purpose of interpreting research findings?

A. To make the research more complicated
B. To simplify the research
C. To present the research in a way that is easily understandable
D. To make the research more controversial
Key: C

139.Which of the following best describes a research finding?

A. A hypothesis
B. A conclusion
C. A question
D. A theory
Key: B

140. What is the difference between a research finding and a research conclusion?
A. There is no difference between a research finding and a research conclusion
B. A research finding is a general statement, while a research conclusion is specific
C. A research finding is based on evidence, while a research conclusion is an opinion
D. A research finding is a tentative statement, while a research conclusion is a final statement
Key: D

141.Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research finding?

A. To collect data in randomization
B. To analyze data subjectively
C. To Interpret data with biasness
D. To interpret data objectively
key: D

142.What is the role of statistics in interpreting research findings?

A. To make the research more complicated
B. To simplify the research
C. To provide a summary of the data
D. To make the research more controversial
key: C

143.What is the difference between statistical significance and practical significance?

A. There is no difference between statistical significance and practical significance
B. Statistical significance refers to the likelihood of the results occurring by chance, while
practical significance refers to the real-world importance of the results
C. Statistical significance refers to the real-world importance of the results, while practical
significance refers to the likelihood of the results occurring by chance
D. Both statistical significance and practical significance refer to the likelihood of the results
occurring by chance
Key: B

144. Which of the following is an example of a type I error?

A. Rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually true
B. Accepting a null hypothesis that is actually true
C. Rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually false
D. Accepting a null hypothesis that is actually false
key: A

145.Which of the following is an example of a type II error?

A. Rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually true
B. Accepting a null hypothesis that is actually true
C. Rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually false
D. Accepting a null hypothesis that is actually false
Key: B

146.Which of the following is a measure of effect size?

A. p-value
B. Confidence interval
C. Standard deviation
D. Correlation coefficient
Key : D

147.Which of the following best describes a confidence interval?

A. The range of values that is likely to include the true population parameter
B. The range of values that is unlikely to include the true population parameter
C. The range of values that is certain to include the true population parameter
D. The range of values that is certain to exclude the true population parameter
key: A

148. What is the purpose of a power analysis?

A. To determine the sample size needed to detect a specific effect size
B. To determine the statistical significance of the results
C. To determine the practical significance of the results
D. To determine the type I and type II error rates
Key : A

149.Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable?

A. The independent variable
 B.The dependent variable
C. A variable that is not measured but affects the outcome
D. A variable that is not related to the outcome
Key : C

150.What are limitations in research?

A. Factors that restrict the scope of the research
B. Factors that enhance the scope of the research
C. Factors that facilitate the implementation of the research
D. Factors that enable the generalization of the research
Key. A

151. What is the primary purpose of discussing limitations in a research paper?

A. To apologize for the shortcomings of the research
B. To demonstrate the credibility of the research
C. To identify areas for improvement in future research
D. To justify the methods used in the research
Key. C

152.Which of the following is an example of a limitation in research?

A. A small sample size
B. A large sample size
C. A high response rate
D. A low response rate
Key. A
153.What is a potential consequence of failing to acknowledge limitations in a research
paper?
A. The research will be perceived as more credible
B. The research will be perceived as less credible
C. The research will not be affected by the lack of acknowledgement
D. The research will be considered irrelevant
Key. B

154.Which of the following best describes a recommendation in research?

A. A suggestion for further research
B. A suggestion for how to implement the research
C. A suggestion for how to interpret the research findings
D. A suggestion for how to present the research results
Key. A

155.What is the primary purpose of making recommendations in a research paper?

A. To make the research more complicated
B. To provide practical applications of the research findings
C. To highlight the shortcomings of the research
D. To justify the methods used in the research
Key. B

156.Which of the following is an example of a recommendation in research?

A. To use a different statistical test in future research
B. To expand the sample size in future research
C. To limit the scope of the research in future studies
D. To avoid discussing limitations in future research
Key. B

157.Which of the following is not a limitation of research?

A. Sample bias
B. Confounding variables
C. Replicability
D. Small sample size
Key. C

158.What is a potential consequence of failing to make recommendations in a research

paper?
A. The research will be perceived as more credible
B. The research will be perceived as less credible
C. The research will not be affected by the lack of recommendations
D. The research will be considered irrelevant
Key. D

159.Which of the following is an example of a limitation that can be addressed in future

research?
A. The lack of a control group
B. The use of an appropriate statistical test
C. The consistency of the findings
D. The clarity of the research question
Key. A

160.Which of the following is an example of a recommendation that can be made in a

research paper?
A. To use the same sample size in future research
B. To limit the scope of the research in future studies
C. To use a different research question in future studies
D. To consider the effects of a potential confounding variable in future research
Key. D
161. What is the purpose of discussing limitations and recommendations in the conclusion
of a research paper?
A. To summarize the research findings
B. To highlight the importance of the research
C. To provide directions for future research
D. To justify the methods used in the research
Key. C

162. What is the first step in selecting a research topic?

a) Determine the research question
b) Identify a problem or gap in knowledge
c) Conduct a literature review
d) Formulate a hypothesis
Key.B

163. What is the purpose of selecting a research topic?

a) To fulfill a course requirement
b) To contribute to the existing body of knowledge
c) To impress peers and colleagues
d) To obtain funding for research
Key.B

164. What are the key criteria for selecting a research topic?
a) Relevance, feasibility, and novelty
b) Popularity, budget, and personal interest
c) Time availability, data availability, and personal interest
d) Personal interest, data availability, and budget
Key.A

165.Why is it important to select a research topic that is feasible?

a) To ensure the study can be completed within a reasonable timeframe and budget
b) To ensure the study is of interest to the researcher
c) To ensure the study is unique and innovative
d) To ensure the study is relevant to the existing body of knowledge
Key. A

166. What is a literature review?

a) A summary of previously published research on a particular topic
b) A systematic investigation of a problem or question
c) An experiment or observation conducted to test a hypothesis
d) A survey of people's opinions or attitudes
Key. D
167.Why is a literature review important in selecting a research topic?
a) It helps identify gaps in knowledge and potential research questions
b) It provides data for the research study
c) It ensures the research is feasible
d) It helps establish a hypothesis
Key.B

168.Which of the following is an example of a research question?

a) How can we reduce carbon emissions?
b) What is the effect of smoking on lung cancer?
c) What is the difference between organic and non-organic food?
d) What is the capital of France?
Key.B

169. What is a hypothesis?

a) An educated guess or prediction about the outcome of a study
b) A summary of previously published research on a particular topic
c) An experiment or observation conducted to test a hypothesis
d) A survey of people's opinions or attitudes
Key : A

170.Why is it important to have a clear research question or hypothesis?

a) It helps focus the research study and ensure it is feasible
b) It provides data for the research study
c) It helps establish the credibility of the research
d) It helps ensure the study is unique and innovative
Key:A

171.What is a research design?

a) The plan or strategy for conducting a research study
b) The statistical analysis used to analyze the data
c) The process of recruiting participants for the study
d) The type of research question or hypothesis being tested
Key:A

172.Which of the following is an example of a qualitative research design?

a) Randomized controlled trial
b) Case study
c) Survey
d) Experiment
Key:B

173. What is a research proposal?

A. A summary of a completed research study
B. A plan of a research project that is yet to be conducted
C. A report on the findings of a research project
D. A request for funding to conduct a research project
Key: B

174. What is the purpose of a research proposal?

A. To summarize the findings of a research study
B. To request funding for a research project
C. To outline a plan for a research project
D. To evaluate the effectiveness of a research project
Key: C

175. What is the first step in writing a research proposal?

A. Identifying a research question
B. Conducting a literature review
C. Drafting an abstract
D. Outlining the research design
Key: A

176.What is the purpose of a literature review in a research proposal?

A. To provide background information on the research topic
B. To summarize the findings of previous research studies
C. To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of previous research studies
D. All of the above
Key: D

177.What is a research design?

A. The methodology used to conduct a research study
B. The process of analyzing research data
C. The statistical tests used to analyze research data
D. The instruments used to collect research data
Key: A

178. What is a research hypothesis?

A. A statement that describes the research question
B. A statement that predicts the results of a research study
C. A statement that summarizes the literature review
D. A statement that describes the research design
Key: B

179. What is a sample in a research proposal?

A. The population being studied
B. The methodology used to collect research data
C. The group of participants selected for the study
D. The statistical tests used to analyze research data
Key: C

180. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

A. Qualitative research is based on numerical data, while quantitative research is based on non-
numerical data
B. Qualitative research is more objective, while quantitative research is more subjective
C. Qualitative research is more focused on description, while quantitative research is more
focused on measurement
D. Qualitative research is more experimental, while quantitative research is more observational
key: C

181.What is the purpose of a research ethics statement in a research proposal?

A. To outline the ethical considerations of the research study
B. To ensure the safety of the participants in the research study
C. To ensure the validity of the research study
D. To provide a plan for data analysis
key: A

182. What is a research instrument?

A. The process of collecting research data
B. The statistical tests used to analyze research data
C. The tool used to collect research data
D. The methodology used to conduct a research study
Key: C

183.What is a research population?

A. The group of participants selected for the study
B. The methodology used to collect research data
C. The statistical tests used to analyze research data
D. The group of people being studied
Key: D

184.What is the difference between a research question and a research objective?

A. A research question is a broad statement, while a research objective is a specific statement
B. A research question is a specific statement, while a research objective is a broad statement
C. A research question is focused on measurement, while a research objective is focused on
description
D. A research question is focused on description, while a research objective is focused on
measurement
Key.A
185. When critiquing research writing, what does the term "validity" refer to?
a) The credibility of the authors' credentials
b) The reliability and consistency of the study's results
c) The inclusion of a diverse sample population
d) The relevance of the study to current research trends
Answer: B

186.What is the purpose of critiquing the methodology section in research writing?

a) To assess the study's ethical considerations
b) To evaluate the statistical analysis techniques used
c) To examine the study's limitations and potential biases
d) To review the authors' background and qualifications
Answer: C

187.Which of the following is an example of a potential bias in research writing?

a) Presenting the data in a visually appealing manner
b) Conducting the study with a large sample size
c) Excluding participants with conflicting viewpoints
d) Providing a balanced discussion of the study's limitations
Answer: C

188. In research writing, what is the purpose of the literature review?

a) To summarize the study's findings and conclusions
b) To showcase the author's expertise on the topic
c) To provide background information and context for the study
d) To outline the methodology and data collection procedures
Answer: C

189.When critiquing the results section in research writing, what should you look for?
a) The authors' personal opinions and biases
b) A clear and concise summary of the study's findings
c) The inclusion of descriptive statistics and graphs
d) The discussion of limitations and future research directions
Answer: C

190. What is the role of critical thinking in critiquing research writing?

a) To provide constructive feedback to the authors
b) To identify flaws or inconsistencies in the study's design
c) To promote the study's findings without skepticism
d) To emphasize the importance of creativity in research writing
Answer: B
191.Which of the following is an essential component of a well-written research article?
a) The use of complex technical jargon
b) Lengthy paragraphs without subheadings
c) Consistent formatting and citation style
d) Personal anecdotes and unrelated tangents
Answer: C

192. What is the significance of evaluating the conclusions and implications in research
writing?
a) To determine if the study supports the authors' preconceived notions
b) To assess the generalizability of the study's findings
c) To criticize the study's statistical analysis methods
d) 9.To emphasize the importance of the research topic
Answer: B

193. When evaluating the credibility of the sources cited in research writing, what should
you consider?
a) The number of sources cited in the bibliography
b) The age of the sources and their relevance to the study
c) The authors' affiliations and institutional backgrounds
d) The length of the reference list and its alphabetical order
Answer: B

194.What is the primary objective of qualitative research design?

a) To establish cause-and-effect relationships
b) To collect numerical data for statistical analysis
c) To explore and understand social phenomena in depth
d) To generalize findings to a larger population
Answer: C

195.Which of the following is a key characteristic of qualitative research design?

a) Large sample sizes
b) Structured questionnaires
c) Objective measurement instruments
d) Detailed narrative descriptions
Answer: D

196. What is the role of the researcher in qualitative research design?

a) To remain detached and avoid personal biases
b) To control and manipulate variables for precise results
c) To actively engage with participants and their experiences
d) To rely solely on existing literature and secondary data
Answer: C
197. Which of the following is a commonly used data collection method in qualitative
research design?
a) Surveys
b) Experiments
c) Observations
d) Randomized controlled trials
Answer: C

198.What is the purpose of purposive sampling in qualitative research design?

a) To ensure a representative sample from the population
b) To randomly select participants for unbiased results
c) To recruit individuals with specific characteristics or experiences
d) To minimize the influence of confounding variables
Answer: C

199. Which of the following best describes the literative nature of qualitative research
design?
a) It involves repeating experiments for reliability.
b) It requires strict adherence to a pre-determined research plan.
c) It allows for data collection and analysis to influence each other.
d) It focuses on hypothesis testing and statistical significance.
Answer: C

200. What is the primary unit of analysis in qualitative research design?

a) Individuals
b) Groups
c) Variables
d) Surveys
Answer: A

201. which of the following is a technique used to enhance the trustworthiness of qualitative
research design?
a) Controlling extraneous variables
b) Increasing the sample size
c) Establishing inter ratter reliability
d) Employing member checking and peer debriefing
Answer: D

202.What is the term used to describe the process of identifying themes or patterns in
qualitative data?
a) Statistical analysis b) Content analysis
c) Quantification
d) Coding
Answer: D

203. What is the ultimate goal of qualitative research design?

a) To predict future outcomes based on statistical models
b) To uncover universal laws and principles
c) To provide a detailed understanding of complex phenomena
d) To establish causation between variables
Answer: C

204.What is the definition of research methodology?

a) The process of selecting a research topic
b) The techniques used to collect and analyze data
c) The publication of research findings in academic journals
d) The ethical considerations involved in research studies
Answer: B

205.What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

a) To provide a theoretical framework for the study
b) To guide the research design and data collection process
c) To summarize the study's findings and conclusions
d) To determine the statistical significance of the results
Answer: B

206. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies?
a) Qualitative research focuses on numerical data, while quantitative research focuses on
narrative descriptions.
b) Qualitative research emphasizes subjective experiences, while quantitative research relies on
objective measurements.
c) Qualitative research is more suitable for hypothesis testing, while quantitative research is used
for exploratory studies.
d) Qualitative research relies on large sample sizes, while quantitative research uses small,
targeted samples.
Answer: B
207.What is the purpose of a research design in a study?
a) To determine the sample size and sampling technique
b) To ensure ethical considerations are addressed
c) To provide a blueprint for conducting the research
d) To outline the statistical tests used for data analysis
Answer: B

208.Which of the following is an example of a primary data collection method?

a) Analyzing existing databases and datasets
b) Conducting interviews with research participants
c) Reviewing literature and published studies
d) Administering surveys to a representative sample
Answer: B

209. What is the purpose of sampling in research methodology?

a) To select the most relevant research topics
b) To ensure all participants are treated equally
c) To increase the generalizability of the research findings
d) To eliminate the need for statistical analysis
Answer: C

210.What is the primary purpose of data analysis in research methodology?

a) To verify the research hypothesis
b) To draw conclusions and make inferences from the data
c) To select the appropriate research design
d) To develop the research questionnaire or interview guide
Answer: B

211.Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method?

a) Content analysis of textual data
b) Case study analysis
c) Experimental study with control and experimental groups
d) Ethnographic observation in a naturalistic setting
Answer: C

212.What is the purpose of peer review in research methodology?

a) To identify potential sources of bias in the research
b) To ensure compliance with ethical guidelines
c) To select the most appropriate research design
d) To evaluate the quality and rigor of the research study
Answer: D

213.What is the purpose of a research proposal?

a) To outline the results and conclusions of a study
b) To provide a detailed analysis of existing literature
c) To propose a research project and its methodology
d) To present the limitations and challenges of a study
Answer: C

214.What is the recommended structure of a research proposal?

a) Abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, results, conclusion
b) Introduction, methods, analysis, conclusion, references
c) Abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, references
d) Introduction, literature review, conclusion, appendices
Answer: C

215.What should be included in the introduction section of a research proposal?

a) Detailed methodology and data analysis techniques
b) Previous research findings and gaps in knowledge
c) Raw data and statistical calculations
d) Personal anecdotes and unrelated tangents
Answer: B

216.What is the purpose of the methodology section in a research proposal?

a) To showcase the author's expertise on the topic
b) To summarize the study's findings and conclusions
c) To provide a step-by-step plan for conducting the research
d) To discuss the limitations and potential biases of the study
Answer: C

217.Which of the following should be included in the literature review section of a research
proposal?
a) Raw data and statistical analysis
b) Personal opinions and subjective experiences
c) An overview of relevant studies and their findings
d) An extensive list of references and citations
Answer: C

218.What is the purpose of the timeline or schedule in a research proposal?

a) To estimate the cost and budget of the research project
b) To provide a visual representation of data analysis techniques
c) To outline the expected timeframe for each research activity
d) To showcase the author's qualifications and expertise
Answer: C

219.What should be included in the conclusion section of a research proposal?

a) Detailed methodology and data analysis techniques
b) Personal opinions and biases of the researcher
c) A summary of the proposed research project
d) Recommendations for future research studies
Answer: C

220.What is the first step in selecting and identifying a research problem?

a) Conducting a literature review
b) Generating research questions
c) Defining the research objectives
d) Choosing a research methodology
Answer: A

221.What is the purpose of conducting a literature review when selecting a research

problem?
a) To identify potential research gaps and areas of interest
b) To collect data for statistical analysis
c) To summarize previous research studies
d) To validate the research problem chosen
Answer: A

222.Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-defined research problem?

a) It is broad and open-ended
b) It is limited to a specific context or population
c) It can be answered with a simple yes or no
d) It has multiple possible solutions
Answer: B

223.What is the significance of a clear and focused research problem?

a) It helps in attracting funding for the research study
b) It ensures statistical significance in the research findings
c) It allows for multiple interpretations of the results
d) It guides the entire research process and methodology
Answer: D

224.How can a research problem be formulated as a research question?

a) By providing a statement of the problem without any inquiry
b) By using open-ended questions to explore the research area
c) By formulating a hypothesis to test the research problem
d) By narrowing down the research problem into a specific question
Answer: D

225.What is the primary purpose of utilizing nursing research in practice?

a) To promote professional development
b) To increase patient satisfaction
c) To improve the quality of patient care
d) To comply with regulatory standards
Answer: C

226.What is evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?

a) Following the advice of experienced colleagues
b) Relying on personal intuition and beliefs
c) Integrating research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
d) Applying standardized protocols and guidelines in all situations
Answer: C

227.What is the role of nurses in utilizing nursing research in practice?

a) Conducting research studies in clinical settings
b) Critically appraising research literature
c) Disseminating research findings to the public
d) Collaborating with researchers on study design
Answer: B

228.Which of the following is a characteristic of high-quality research evidence?

a) Limited applicability to real-world clinical settings
b) Reliance on anecdotal experiences and opinions
c) Replication of findings across multiple studies
d) Absence of any limitations or biases
Answer: C

229.What is the purpose of conducting a systematic literature review in evidence-based

practice?
a) To identify research gaps and areas for further investigation
b) To exclude studies that do not support existing beliefs
c) To validate personal experiences and opinions
d) To promote the use of outdated research studies
Answer: A