EET 06105
CONTROL ENGINEERING
Lecture No.2
Prepared by JACKSON NTABUNGU, 0715076004
COMPUTERIZED
CONTROL SYSTEM
Analog (Continuous) & Digital (Discrete time) signals
Example of analog signals Example of digital signals
Signals from analog sensors such as Signals from switches, digital sensors such as
temperature sensors (RTD, thermocouple). on/off proximity sensors and float switches
Signal that control an analog control valve.
Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (ADC) is a device that converts analog signals to digital signals.
Digital-to-analog (D/A) converter (DAC) is a device that converts digital signals to analog signals.
Components of Computer controlled system
The digital computer can perform two functions:
1. Control
2. Supervisory. For example monitoring parameters
Advantages of replacing analog controllers
with a digital computers
❖Reduced cost
A single digital computer can replace numerous analog controllers and it can control many
loops such as pressure, position, velocity, and tension at the same time.
❖Flexibility
Any changes or modifications that are required in the future can be implemented with simple
software changes rather than expensive hardware modifications
❖Noise immunity.
Digital systems exhibit more noise immunity than analog systems by virtue of the methods of
implementation.
❖They have high accuracy . As digital signals have a very small error as compared to analog
signals
❖High processing speed
❖The computer can also perform supervisory functions, such as scheduling many required
applications.
Applications of computerized control systems
❑In manufacturing & Processing industries (In industrial automation)
❑In Building Automation
❑In Home Automation
❑In Agricultural Automation
❑In Power Generation and Distribution
❑In Transportation Systems.
❑In Water and Wastewater Management
❑In Medical and Healthcare Systems
❑In Environmental Monitoring and Control
❑Telecommunications and Network Management
❑Space Exploration and Aerospace
Programmable Control Systems
(PCS)
Programmable control system
A programmable control system refers to a control
system where the operation and behavior of a
machine or process are controlled using a
programmable controller.
It works based on a set of predefined instructions, or
program, which can be modified or updated as
needed.
Example of controller used in programmable control
system is Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
PLC is an industrial computer used to control
various industrial processes.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)
Components of programmable control system
Example of programmable control system
Advantages & Disadvantages of programmable control systems
Advantages Disadvantages
❑Flexibility ❑Initial cost is high
❑Reliability
❑Complex
❑Ease of maintenance & troubleshooting
❑Increased productivity
❑Improved product quality
❑Improved efficiency
❑Improved Safety
❑Improved accuracy
❑High processing speed
❑Reduced errors
❑Reduction in operating costs
❑Can perform same task repeatedly
Applications of Programmable control systems
❑In manufacturing & Processing industries (In industrial automation)
❑In Building Automation
❑In Home Automation
❑In Agricultural Automation
❑In Power Generation and Distribution
❑In Transportation Systems.
❑In Water and Wastewater Management
❑In Medical and Healthcare Systems
❑In Environmental Monitoring and Control
Computer Aided Design
&
Computer Aided Manufacturing
Computer Aided Design (CAD) Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CAD in the context of control system engineering refers CAM in the context of control system
to the use of specialized software tools (e.g. MATLAB) engineering refers to use of computer
to assist in the design, analysis, and optimization of software and systems to automate and
control systems. optimize manufacturing processes.
Here’s how CAD is utilized in control engineering : Here’s how CAM is utilized in control
1.System Modeling engineering :
2.Controller Design. 1.CAD integration
3.Simulation and Analysis 2.Simulation
4.Optimization 3.Optimization
5.Prototyping Integration and Compatibility
6.Documentation and Visualization
Prepared by JACKSON NTABUNGU, 0715076004
