INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING the first winning the US and other

step for an Western countries

Lesson 1: Nature and Purpose of individual in have a super
Guidance resolving their specialization in
difficulties. multicultural
Misconceptions and Myths:
The counselor Counseling is not counseling
X ✔ will “fix” your a “quick fix” to considering
Counseling is Seeing a problems. cure to your diverse cultures in
only for people counselor does problems. The those countries.
who have not mean you are counselor’s role is Counselors are
serious mentally ill or to help you reflect professionally and
emotional and “crazy”. In life, and explore your extensively
mental almost everyone feelings, trained to treat a
problems. has difficulties thoughts, and variety of life crisis
and challenges at concerns, to and issues.
some point .and examine your Seeking While prayers and
being able to ask options, and counseling the complete trust
for help to assist you in suggests you do in God are always
overcome these achieving the not have enough beneficial to your
challenges are a goals you set. faith that God will life, these
sign of strength. The counselor Counselors are take care of you, practices are not
and taking cannot trained to be and fix your the only options
responsibility to understand you sensitive to and problem. available to you
get your life “back unless she has respectful of for sorting through
on track”. had similar individual issues. Most
Seeking Seeking experiences or is differences, people who seek
counseling is a counseling in fact of the same including the counseling are
sign of a sign of taking background. specific concerns people who lead
weakness. responsibility for /needs with very normal lives
your well being. In regard to gender, and want to find
fact, it takes race/ethnicity, solutions to their
courage to culture, religion, life and the
explore sensitive age, and socio- problems they
feelings and economic status. face.. It is
painful Many counselors important o bear
experiences. It is who are trained in in mind that
 everybody has and ways to worth and dignity all of
significant improve your life. which can be nurtured.
problems at It takes strength The guidance processes
various times in to call a counselor are based on the belief
their lives. to make an that given certain
Counseling is just appointment. conditions, an
a normal part of They do not judge
individual’s potential to
the process of their clients —
make a choice and make
resolving things counselors
and providing you welcome you. a decision can be utilized
the tools and the Please know that for maximum benefit to
skills to handle counselors have the individual and
them effectively. heard a lot of life society.
Men aren't in Both men and stories, and they • The focus of guidance is
touch with their women can hold each one the individual, not the
feelings and will benefit from with problem; its purpose is to
not benefit from counseling. While confidentiality and promote the growth of
counseling. it is true that respect. the individual in self-
women seek Counselors want direction. This guidance
counseling more to decrease the
may be given to groups
often than men, stigma related to
or to individuals, but it is
the amount of seeking
men seeking counseling and to always designed to help
services has create a world individual even though
increased over where seeking they may be in group.
the last 10 years, counseling is as
Definition of Guidance
suggesting that common as
men are seeking relief • Crow and Crow. “Guidance
becoming more from the common involves assistance made by
open to cold. personally qualified and
counseling.
adequately trained men and
If you go to Going into
1.1 Meaning of Guidance women to an individual to help
counseling, counseling shows
everyone will that you are him manage his own life and
• Guidance is based upon activities, his own point of view
know and judge willing to learn
a philosophy of human and make his own decisions.”
you negatively. about yourself
uniqueness, goodness,
 • Kitson. “Guidance is an personality. Guidance helps leaves its imprint on the
individualized education. Each people to live a balanced and guidance programmes which
student is to be helped to tension free-life with full are a totality of experiences.
develop himself to the maximum satisfaction under the • Universality of guidance.
possible degree in all respects.” circumstances. Guidance is for all. Every person
• Gordon. “The provision of • Guidance is self-direction. needs guidance at all stages of
opportunities for the child to The ultimate purpose of life situations from childhood to
understand and value his guidance is to guide the old age.
uniqueness and his relatedness individual to direct himself in the • Guidance is making potential
to others.” right direction, to make his own actual. Guidance programme
choices, to fix his own life-goals aid the individual in the
1.2 The Nature of Guidance and to carry his own burden. discovery of a hidden potential
• Guidance is education itself. It • Guidance is individual- individual for his own benefit that
aims at educating the individual centered. Whether given on of the community.
for understanding himself, individual or group basis, the • Preparation for future.
unfolding his potentialities to focus of all guidance Guidance helps in the choice of
their maximum so that he may programmes are individuals who one’s career, one’s partner in life
eventually prove himself to be need to manage himself for a etc.
an adjusted and pragmatic joyous today and a happy • Modification of behavior.
member of the community. tomorrow by a healthy alignment Guidance helps the person in his
• Guidance is a process. It of individual desires and adjustment in different situations
enables an individual in aspiration with socially desirable and to modify one’s behavior
discovering himself in the most good.
• Guidance is based on 1.3 Aims and Purposes of Guidance
satisfying and positive manner.
• Guidance is a continuous individual differences. If all the • Providing the needed
process. In this process, an individuals had been alike, there information and assistance
individual understands himself, was no scope for guidance. • Helping in individual to make
learns to use maximum his own • Guidance is a qualified, wise choices
capacities, interests and other complex and organized • Improve the understanding of
abilities. service. It is given by a qualified self
• Guidance is related with life. and trained personnel. Hence, • Facilitate the adjustment
Problems and challenges are guidance is a skill-involved
• Helps in adapting to the
the building blocks of our process. The varied and
changes or new environment
complex nature of human life
 • Making self-sufficient and • Personal Guidance – it refers o 1932-he started a
independent to that type of guidance where a Psychological Clinic.
• Efficient use of capabilities and person or individual overcome - Emotional
talent their problem on their own. Also, - Educational
• Accepting responsibility for the it is the assistance that is - Vocational
future provided to an individual to solve • 1945-first Guidance Institute
• Promote the optimal personal their social, mental, morals, • The Bureau of Public Schools
and professional development health, and ethical problems. started to send teachers for
• Balanced physical, study of guidance.
Others
psychological emotional, social • Dr. Roy G. Bone and George H.
and spiritual growth • Recreational Guidance – It Bennett, UNESCO specialists in
refers to a group of activities guidance, helped much in
1.4 Various features and Aspects of making Filipino education
among these a great variety of
Guidance officials guidance-conscious.
physical activities.
• Educational Guidance – it • Civic guidance – It is helping • 1951, Congress proposed the
refers to that guidance that a the individual to choose, prepare establishment of a functional
child or students need during his too, enter and progress in guidance and counselling
school life. Also, it helps them to activities suited to his personal program.
solve the problem that they face interests and aptitudes. • 1952-division superintendents
in school. It deals with how to • Social and Moral Guidance – It of schools recommended the
study, using common tools for is helping the individual achieve establishment of guidance
learning, adjusting school life to common desirable vocational services in the public school.
other activities, attending school results along social and moral • 1945- National Teachers
tasks etc. lives. Collage was chosen to be the
• Vocational Guidance – it refers • Leadership Guidance – It is site of the first Guidance
to that type of guidance in which helping the individual to become Institutes
ordinary information is provided good leaders. • Guidance Association of the
regarding choosing the Philippines has been organized.
Historical Development of Guidance • 1953- Philippine Association of
occupation. It is concerned with
in the Philippines
helping individuals make Guidance counselors was
decision and choices involved Guidance movement in the Philippines organized to establish a Testing
planning a future and building a Bureau.
career. • Dr. Sinforoso Padilla
o Filipino psychologist
 • Guidance Section of the United Basis for Guidance COUNSELLI alternativ solution by
States Veterans Administration- Compari NG e. himself or
most systematic guidance son herself.
program in the Philippines.
Meaning Guidance Counselling Deals Education Personal and
"Guidance and Counseling Act of refers to refers to a with and sociopsychol
2004." an advice professional career ogical
or a advice given related issues.
RA 9258 It is hereby declared a policy relevant by a issues.
of the State to promote the piece of counselor to
improvement, advancement, and informatio an individual Provided Any A person
protection of the guidance and n to help him in by person who
counseling profession by undertaking provided overcoming superior possesses
and instituting measures that will result by a from or expert high level of
in professional, ethical, relevant, superior, personal or skill and
efficient, and effective guidance and to resolve psychologica professional
counseling services for the a problem l problems. training
or
development and enrichment of
overcome Privacy Open and Confidential
individuals and group lives. The
from less
The State recognizes the important role difficulty. private.
of guidance counselors in nation-
building and promotes the sustained Nature Preventiv Remedial Mode One to One to one
development of a reservoir of guidance e and Curative one or
counselors whose competence have one to
Approac Compreh In-depth and many
been determined by honest and
h ensive Introverted Decision By guide. By the client.
credible licensure examinations and and making
whose standards of professional Extrovert
practice and service are world-class ed
and internationally recognized, globally
competitive through preventive What it It assists It tends to Chapter 2: The Principles of
regulatory measures, programs and does? the change the Guidance
activities that foster their continuing person in perspective,
choosing to help him 2.1 Characteristics of A Good
professional development.
the best get the Guidance Program
• Every organization has its own (Campbell & Dahir, Although immediate and
foundation to be able to be an 1997, p. 3) crisis needs of students
effective and good for all the are to be met, a major
Career Development
things it will function for. If not, it focus of a developmental
would be a weak organization STANDARD: Students will use program is to provide all
that could stand alone in time of strategies for career and education students with
different difficult circumstances planning. experiences to help
and will not perform well. It them grow and develop.
should have a program, not only Competencies (Gysbers & Henderson,
a program, but a good program. • 4.1 Learn to analyze factors that 2000, p. 26)
1. Results-Based – is impact career decision‐ making 5. Comprehensive – focus
designed to guarantee on what all students,
and education career plans
that all students acquire from preschool,
• 4.2 Develop skills to locate,
the competencies to kindergarten through
evaluate, and interpret career
become successful in 12th grade should know,
information
school and to make a understand and be able
• 4.3 Experience the world of
successful transition to do in these three
work’
from school to higher domain areas:
education, to academic, career and
3. Data-Driven - It provides
employment or to a personal/social. The
for a careful
combination of higher emphasis is on
interpretation and wise
education and work. academic success for
dissemination of
(Johnson & Johnson, every student, not just
personal data to pupils,
2003, p.181) those students who are
teachers, school officials
2. Standards-Based – it motivated, supported
and parents.
addresses program and ready to learn.
4. Developmental –
content and the 6. Preventive in Design –
provides
knowledge, attitudes, the purpose of the
developmentally
and skill competencies school counseling
appropriate instruction
that all students will program is to impart
and services in three
develop as a result of specific skills and
domains: academic,
participating in a school learning opportunities in
career and
counseling program. a proactive, preventive
personal/social.
manner, ensuring all
 students can achieve 5. Principle of continuity – 11. Principle of evaluation – The
school success through guidance should be regarded as effective guidance program
academic, career and a continuous process of service should be evaluated in terms of
personal/social to an individual in different its effectiveness and
development stages of his/her life. improvement.
2.2 Basic Principles of Guidance 6. Principle of extension – 12. Principle of responsibility –
The principles of guidance generally guidance service should not be parents and teachers have
accepted are the ones given by limited to a few persons, but it guidance responsibilities. The
Crow and Crow. should be extended to all responsibility for guidance
persons of all ages. should be centered on a
1. Principle of all-round 7. Principle of elaboration – qualified and trained person,
development – guidance must curriculum materials and who is the head of guidance
take into account the all-round teaching procedures should be center.
development of the individual elaborated according to the view 13. Principle of periodic
when bringing about desirable point of guidance. appraisal – periodic appraisal
adjustment in any particular 8. Principle of adjustment – it is should be made of the existing
area of his personality. chiefly concerned with an school program so that requisite
2. Principle of human individual’s physical or mental changes, if any can be carried
uniqueness – no two health, with his adjustment at out for its improvement.
individuals are alike even twins. home, school, society and
2. 3 Application of Guidance
Individuals differ in their vocation.
Principles
physical, mental, social and 9. Principle of individual needs –
emotional development. recognition of individual I. EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
3. Principle of holistic freedom, worth, respect and
development – guidance has to dignity are the hallmark of Guidance as an instrument for the
be imparted in the context of guidance. qualitative improvement education
total development of personality. 10. Principle of expert opinion – - Expanding educational
4. Principle of cooperation – no specific and serious guidance objectives
individual can be forced into problems should be referred to - Solution of educational
guidance. The consent and persons who are trained to deal objectives
cooperation of the individual is a with particular area of o Solving discipline
pre-requisite for providing adjustment for their expert problems
guidance. opinion.
II. VOCATIONAL NEEDS
 • Vocationalization of education • Determining values
and guidance • Setting goals
• Guidance as an instrument of • Improving efficiency
national development • Building relationships
• Expanding complexity of the • Accepting responsibility for the
world of work future
• Increasing need for manpower • Relief from suffering
planning and utilization • Changes in thoughts and self-
• Occupational awareness perceptions (Brammer, 1993)
• Changes in the condition of
industry and labour
III. PERSONAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL
NEEDS

• Guidance is the basic need of

man
• Educational and social
aspirations
• Psychological problems
IV. SOCIAL NEEDS

• Complex nature of society

• Changed family contexts
• Explosion of population and
expansion in human resources
• Political change and extension
of democracy
• Change in the concept of
education
2. 4 Goals of Guidance

• Exploring self