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Clauses Notes

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate, which can either express a complete thought or require additional information. There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses that can stand alone as sentences, and dependent clauses that rely on independent clauses for complete meaning. Dependent clauses can be further categorized into noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses, each serving different grammatical functions.

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38 views2 pages

Clauses Notes

A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate, which can either express a complete thought or require additional information. There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses that can stand alone as sentences, and dependent clauses that rely on independent clauses for complete meaning. Dependent clauses can be further categorized into noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses, each serving different grammatical functions.

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kalmadivyanshusingh
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Grammar Lesson: Clauses and Their Types

What is a Clause?

A clause is a group of related words that contains both a subject (who or what the sentence is
about) and a predicate (the action or what is being said about the subject). A clause may either
form a complete thought or require additional information to make sense.

Key Components:

1. Subject: The person, thing, or idea that the clause is about.

2. Verb: The action or state of being.

3. Complete Meaning: The clause should express a complete thought or idea.

Example:

 "He plays cricket regularly."

o Subject: He

o Verb: plays

o Complete Thought: Yes, it gives a clear idea.

Types of Clauses

1. Independent Clause (Main Clause)

An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. It has
both a subject and a verb and doesn’t need anything else to make sense.

Examples:

 "She is reading a book."

 "I like chocolate."

2. Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause)

A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It doesn't express a complete thought
and relies on an independent clause to complete its meaning. Dependent clauses begin with
subordinating conjunctions like because, although, if, when, etc.

Types of Dependent Clauses:


1. Noun Clause: Acts as a noun in a sentence (subject, object, complement).
Examples:

o "What she said was surprising." (subject)

o "I don’t know where he went." (object)

o "Her wish is that he would come." (complement)

2. Adjective Clause (Relative Clause): Modifies a noun or pronoun. It usually begins with a
relative pronoun like who, whom, whose, which, or that.
Examples:

o "The book that I lent you is on the table." (modifies "book")

o "The person who called me is my cousin." (modifies "person")

o "I met a girl whose brother is a doctor." (modifies "girl")

3. Adverb Clause: Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb and answers questions like why,
when, where, or how. It begins with subordinating conjunctions like because, although,
if, when, while, etc.
Examples:

o "She left because it was raining." (modifies "left")

o "I’ll call you when I get home." (modifies "call")

o "Although he is young, he is very intelligent." (modifies "intelligent")

Summary of Dependent Clause Types:

1. Noun Clause: Acts as a noun (subject, object, complement).

2. Adjective Clause: Modifies a noun or pronoun.

3. Adverb Clause: Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, answering questions like why,
when, where, or how.

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