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Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the basic organization of a computer, detailing the input unit, CPU, memory, and output unit. The CPU, considered the brain of the computer, consists of the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and memory for processing and storing data. The input and output units serve as links between the user and the computer, facilitating data entry and output translation.

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22 views2 pages

Basic Computer Organization

The document outlines the basic organization of a computer, detailing the input unit, CPU, memory, and output unit. The CPU, considered the brain of the computer, consists of the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and memory for processing and storing data. The input and output units serve as links between the user and the computer, facilitating data entry and output translation.

Uploaded by

ajithkumarksbabu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

Input Unit

This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into the computer. This unit
creates a link between the user and the computer. The input devices translate the information into
a form understandable by the computer.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing
operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls the
operation of all parts of the computer.

CPU itself has the following three components −

Control Unit: It is the circuitry in the control unit, which makes use of electrical signals to
instruct the computer system for executing already stored instructions. It takes instructions from
memory and then decodes and executes these instructions. So, it controls and coordinates the
functioning of all parts of the computer. The Control Unit's main task is to maintain and regulate
the flow of information across the processor. It does not take part in processing and storing data.

ALU: It is the arithmetic logic unit, which performs arithmetic and logical functions. Arithmetic
functions include addition, subtraction, multiplication division, and comparisons. Logical
functions mainly include selecting, comparing, and merging the data. A CPU may contain more
than one ALU. Furthermore, ALUs can be used for maintaining timers that help run the
computer.

Memory or Storage Unit/ Registers: It is called Random access memory (RAM). It temporarily
stores data, programs, and intermediate and final results of processing. So, it acts as a temporary
storage area that holds the data temporarily, which is used to run the computer

Output Unit

The output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information from the
computer. This unit is a link between the computer and the users. Output devices translate the
computer's output into a form understandable by the users.

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